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Solution‑Processed Thin Film Transparent Photovoltaics:Present Challenges and Future Development

Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第2期17卷 566-600页

作者： Tianle Liu Munerah M.S.Almutairi Jie Ma Aisling Stewart Zhaohui Xing Mengxia Liu Bo Hou Yuljae Cho UM-SJTU Joint Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240People’s Republic of China School of physics and Astronomy Cardiff UniversityCardiff CF243AAWalesUK department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Yale UniversityNew HavenCT 06511USA Energy Sciences Institute Yale UniversityWest HavenCT 06516USA Future Photovoltaics Research Center Global Institute of Future TechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240People’s Republic of China

Electrical energy is essential for modern society to sustain economic *** soaring demand for the electrical energy,together with an awareness of the environmental impact of fossil fuels,has been driving a shift towards the utilization of solar ***,traditional solar energy solutions often require extensive spaces for a panel installation,limiting their practicality in a dense urban *** overcome the spatial constraint,researchers have developed transparent photovoltaics(TPV),enabling windows and facades in vehicles and buildings to generate electric *** TPV advancements are focused on improving both transparency and power output to rival commercially available silicon solar *** this review,we first briefly introduce wavelength-and non-wavelengthselective strategies to achieve *** of merit and theoretical limits of TPVs are discussed to comprehensively understand the status of current TPV *** we highlight recent progress in different types of TPVs,with a particular focus on solution-processed thin-film photovoltaics(PVs),including colloidal quantum dot PVs,metal halide perovskite PVs and organic *** applications of TPVs are also reviewed,with emphasis on agrivoltaics,smart windows and ***,current challenges and future opportunities in TPV research are pointed out.

关键词： Transparent semiconductors Solution-processable transparent solar cell Emerging solar cell materials Buildingintegrated photovoltaics

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Specific features of Eu^(3+) and Tb^(3+) magnetooptics in gadolinium-gallium garnet (Gd_3Ga_5O_(12))

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Journal of Rare Earths 2011年第8期29卷 776-782页

作者： Uygun V. Valiev John B. Gruber 付德君 Vasiliy O. Pelenovich Gary W. Burdick Mariya E. Malysheva Faculty of physics National University of Uzbekistan department of physics and Astronomy The University of Texas at San Antonio department of physics Wuhan University department of physics Andrews University

We reported magnetooptical properties of Eu3＋（4f（6）） and Tb3＋（4f（8）） in single crystals of Gd3Ga5O12 （GGG）, Y3Ga5O12 （YGG）, and Eu3＋（4f（6）） in Eu3Ga5O12 （EuGG） for both ions occupying sites of D2 symmetry in the garnet structure. Absorption, luminescence, and magnetic circular polarization of luminescence （MCPL） spectra of Tb3＋ in GGG and YGG and absorption and magnetic circular dichroism （MCD） of Eu3＋ in EuGG were studied. The data were obtained at 85 K and room temperature （RT）. Magnetic susceptibility of Eu3＋ in EuGG was also measured between 85 K and RT. The magnetooptical and magnetic susceptibility data were modeled using the wavefunctions of the crystal-field split energy （Stark） levels of Eu3＋ and Tb3＋ occupying D2 sites in the same garnets. The results reported gave a precise determination of these Stark level assignments and confirmed the symmetry labels （irreducible representations） of the closely-spaced Stark levels （quasi-doublets） found in the 5D1 （Eu3＋） and 5D4 （Tb3＋） multiplets. Ultraviolet （UV） excitation （300 nm） of the 6PJ and 6IJ states of Gd3＋ in the doped GGG crystals led to emission from 5D4 （Tb3＋） and 5D1 and 5D0 （Eu3＋） through radiationless energy transfer to the 4f（n–1）5d band of Tb3＋ and to UV quintet states of Eu3＋. The temperature-dependent emission line shapes and line shifts of the magnetooptical transitions excited by UV radiation suggested a novel way to explore energy transfer mechanisms in this rare-earth doped garnet system.

关键词： magnetic circular polarization of luminescence magnetic circular dichroism absorption quantum qutting energy transfer magnetic susceptibility rare earths

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Study of Proton Resonances in ^(22)Mg by Resonant Elastic Scattering of ^(21)Na+p and Its Astrophysical Implication in ^(18)Ne(α,p) ^(21)Na Reaction Rate

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原子核物理评论 2009年第S1期26卷 153-157页

作者： S.Kubono T.Teranishi M.Notani H.Baba S.Nishimura J.Y.Moon M.Nishimura S.Michimasa H.Iwasaki Y.Yanagisawa N.Hokoiwa M.Kibe J.H.Lee S.Kato Y.Gono C.S.Lee Center for Nuclear Study University of Tokyo(CNS) department of physics Kyushu University RIKEN(The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research) department of physics Chung-Ang University department of physics Yamagata University

Proton resonant states in 22Mg have been investigated by the resonant elastic scattering of 21Na+p. The 21Na beam with a mean energy of 4.00 MeV/u was separated by the CNS radioactive ion beam separator(CRIB) and bombarded a thick(CH2)n target. The energy spectra of recoiled protons were measured at scattering angles of θcm ≈172° and 146°,respectively. A new state at 7.06 MeV has been observed clearly and another new one at 7.28 MeV is tentatively identified due to its low statistics. The proton resonant parameters were deduced from an R-matrix analysis of the differential cross section data. The astrophysical resonant reaction rate for the 18Ne(α,p)21Na reaction has been estimated,and it is about five times larger than that assumed before.

关键词： nuclear astrophysics reaction rate nuclear structure and property

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The robustness of the quantum spin Hall effect to the thickness fluctuation in HgTe quantum wells

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Chinese physics B 2012年第11期21卷 8-13页

作者：郭怀明张相林冯世平 department of physics Beihang University department of physics Beijing Normal University

The quantum spin Hall effect （QSHE） was first realized in HgTe quantum wells （QWs）, which remain the only known two-dimensional topological insulator so far. In this paper, we have systematically studied the effect of the thickness fluctuation of HgTe QWs on the QSHE. We start with the case of constant mass with random distributions, and reveal that the disordered system can be well described by a virtual uniform QW with an effective mass when the number of components is small. When the number is infinite and corresponds to the real fluctuation, we find that the QSHE is not only robust, but also can be generated by relatively strong fluctuation. Our results imply that the thickness fluctuation does not cause backscattering, and the QSHE is robust to it.

关键词： quantum spin Hall effect HgTe quantum wells disorder effect

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Electronegativity explanation on the efficiency-enhancing mechanism of the hybrid inorganic–organic perovskite ABX_3 from first-principles study

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Chinese physics B 2016年第2期25卷 393-398页

作者：陈清源黄杨黄鹏儒马泰曹超何垚 department of physics Yunnan University department of physics Hangzhou Normal University

Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites play an important role in improving the efficiency of solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells. In this paper, we systematically explore the efficiency-enhancing mechanism of ABX_3（A = CH_3NH_3; B = Sn,Pb; X = Cl, Br, I） and provide the best absorber among ABX_3 when the organic framework A is CH_3NH_3 by first-principles calculations. The results reveal that the valence band maximum（VBM） of the ABX_3 is mainly composed of anion X p states and that conduction band minimum（CBM） of the ABX_3 is primarily composed of cation B p states. The bandgap of the ABX_3 decreases and the absorptive capacities of different wavelengths of light expand when reducing the size of the organic framework A, changing the B atom from Pb to Sn, and changing the X atom from Cl to Br to I. Finally, based on our calculations, it is discovered that CH_3NH_3 Sn I_3has the best optical properties and its light-adsorption range is the widest among all the ABX_3 compounds when A is CH_3NH_3. All these results indicate that the electronegativity difference between X and B plays a fundamental role in changing the energy gap and optical properties among ABX_3 compounds when A remains the same and that CH_3NH_3 Sn I_3 is a promising perovskite absorber in the high efficiency solar batteries among all the CH_3NH_3BX_3 compounds.

关键词： ABX3 efficiency-enhancing mechanism of ABX3 optical and electronic properties hybrid per-ovskite solar cells

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Exploration of iron-chalcogenide superconductors

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Chinese physics B 2013年第8期22卷 63-74页

作者：董持衡王杭栋方明虎 department of physics Zhejiang University department of physics Hangzhou Normal University

Iron-chalcogenide compounds with FeSe（Te, S） layers did not attract much attention until the discovery of high-Tc superconductivity （SC） in the iron-pnictide compounds at the begining of 2008. Compared with FeAs-based superconductors, iron-chalcogenide superconductors have aroused enormous enthusiasm to study the relationship between SC and magnetisms with several distinct features, such as different antiferromagnetic ground states with relatively large moments in the parents, indicating possibly different superconducting mechanisms, the existence of the excess Fe atoms or Fe vacancies in the crystal lattice. Another reason is that the large single crystals are easily grown for the iron-chalcogenide compounds. This review will focus on our exploration for the iron-chalcogenide superconductors and discussion on several issues, including the crystal structure, magnetic properties, superconductivity, and phase separation. Some of them reach a consensus but some important questions still remain to be answered.

关键词： Fe-based superconductors Fe(Te Se S) compounds (T1 K Rb)FexSe2 compounds

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Spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy with conservation of the splenic artery and vein

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第10期13卷 1493-1499页

作者： Wataru Kimura Toshiyuki Moriya Jinfeng Ma Yukinori Kamio Toshihiro Watanabe Mitsukiro Yano Hiroto Fujimoto Koji Tezuka Ichiro Hirai Akira Fuse Gastroenterological and General Surgery (First Department of Surgery)Yamagata University School of Medicine2-2-2 Iida-NishiYamagata CityYamagata 990-9585Japan

PreservaUon of the spleen at distal pancreatectomy has recently attracted considerable attention. Since our first successful trial, spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy with conservation of the splenic artery and vein for tumors of the pancreas and chronic pancreatitis has been performed more frequently. The technique for spleenpreserving distal pancreatectomy with conservation of the splenic artery and vein are outlined. The splenic vein is identified behind the pancreas and within the thin connective tissue membrane. The connective tissue membrane is cut longitudinally above the splenic vein. An important issue is to remove the splenic vein from the body of the pancreas toward the spleen, since a different approach may be very difficult. The pancreas is preferably removed from the splenic artery toward the head of the pancreas itself. This procedure is much easier than removing the pancreas from the vein side. One patient had undergone distal gastrectomy for duodenal ulcer, with reconstruction by Billroth Ⅱ tehcnique. If distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy had been performed for the lesion of the distal pancreas at the time, the residual stomach would also have to be resected. The potential damage done to the patient by reconstruction of the gastrointestinal tract in combination with distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy would have been much greater than with distal pancreatectomy only with preservation of the spleen and residual stomach. Benign lesions as well as low-grade malignancy of the body and tail of the pancreas may be a possible indication for this procedure.

关键词： Spleen preservation Intraductal Papillary-Mucinous Neoplasm Splenic artery Splenic vein The fusion fascia of Treitz and Toldt

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Interaction of point defects with twin boundaries in Au: A molecular dynamics study

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Chinese physics B 2013年第9期22卷 496-504页

作者： Fayyaz Hussain Sardar Sikandar Hayat Zulfiqar Ali Shah Najmul Hassan Shaikh Aftab Ahmad department of physics The Islamia University of Bahawalpur department of physics Hazara University

The molecular dynamics simulation technique with many-body and semi-empirical potentials （based on the embedded atom method potentials） has been used to calculate the interactions of point defects with （1 1 1）, （1 1 3）, and （1 2 0） twin boundaries in Au at different temperatures. The interactions of single-, di-, and tri-vacancies （at on- and off-mirror sites） with the twin interfaces at 300 K are calculated. All vacancy clusters are favorable at the on-mirror arrangement near the （1 1 3） twin boundary. Single- and di-vacancies are more favorable at the on-mirror sites near the （1 1 l） twin boundary, while they are favorable at the oft-mirror sites near the （1 2 0） twin boundary. Almost all vacancy clusters energetically prefer to lie in planes closest to the interface rather than away from it, except for tri-vacancies near the （1 2 0） interface at the off-mirror site and for 3.3 and 3.4 vacancy clusters at both sites near the （1 1 1） interface, which are favorable away from the interface. The interaction energy is high at high temperatures.

关键词： molecular dynamics twin boundaries vacancy clusters gold

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Phase diagrams of the spin-2 Ising model in the presence of a quenched diluted crystal field distribution

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Chinese physics B 2012年第11期21卷 114-120页

作者： Ali Yigit Erhan Albayrak ankiri Karatekin university Department of Physics Erciyes university Department of Physics

We have investigated the random crystal field effects on the phase diagrams of the spin-2 Blume-Capel model for a honeycomb lattice using the effective-field theory with correlations. To do so, the thermal variations of magnetization are studied via calculating the phase diagrams of the model. We have found that the model displays both second-order and first-order phase transitions in addition to the tricritical and isolated points. Reentrant behavior is also observed for some appropriate values of certain system parameters. Besides the usual ground-state phases of the spin-2 model including ±2, ~1, and 0, we have also observed the phases ±3/2 and ±1/2, which are unusual for the spin-2 case.

关键词： spin-2 model random crystal field effective-field theory isolated critical points andtriciritical points

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Phase diagrams of spin-3/2 Ising model in the presence of random crystal field within the effective field theory based on two approximations

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Chinese physics B 2013年第10期22卷 186-191页

作者： Ali Yigit Erhan Albayrak department of physics anklrl Karatekin University department of physics Erciyes University

The bimodal random crystal field （A） effects are investigated on the phase diagrams of spin-3/2 Ising model by using the effective-field theory with correlations based on two approximations： the general van der Waerden identity and the approximated van der Waerden identity. In our approach, the crystal field is either turned on or turned off randomly for a given probability p or q = 1 -p, respectively. Then the phase diagrams are constructed on the （A,kT/J） and （p,kT/J） planes for given p and A, respectively, when the coordination number is z = 3. Furthermore, the effect of randomization of the crystal field is illustrated on the （△,kT/J） plane for p = 0.5 when z - 3,4, and 6. All these are carried out for both approximations and then the results are compared to point out the differences. In addition to the lines of second-order phase transitions, the model also exhibits first-order phase transitions and the lines of which terminate at the isolated critical points for high p values.

关键词： spin-3/2 random crystal field effective-field theory isolated critical point

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