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Microwave-accelerated direct regeneration of LiCoO_(2)cathodes for Li-ion batteries

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第7期67卷 2181-2189页

作者： Xueshan Hu Yun-Chao Yin Chao Li Lihui Zhou Lin Yang Yitian Feng Daxian Zuo Chenhui Ning Das Soham Sheng Dai Longbin Qiu Lin Zeng Haw Jiunn Woo Jiayu Wan Future Battery Research Center Global Institute of Future TechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China Centre for Ionics university of malaya Department of PhysicsFaculty of ScienceUniversity of MalayaKuala Lumpur 50603Malaysia Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center School of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai 200237China department of Natural and Applied Sciences Duke Kunshan UniversityKunshan 215316China

Recycling spent lithium-ion batteries is integral to today's low-carbon environmental protection *** concept of direct regeneration,acknowledged for its environmental sustainability,economic viability,and consistent performance of recycled materials,is gaining *** study presents an efficient and nondestructive approach by utilizing an ultrafast microwave technology to directly regenerate spent lithium cobaltate(LCO)cathode *** contrast to conventional furnacebased processes,this method significantly reduces the regeneration *** subjecting the spent LCO mixed with lithium sources to three microwave heating cycles(at approximately 1,350 K),LCO regeneration is achieved,yielding a specific capacity of 140.8 mAh g^(-1)(0.2 C)with a robust cycle *** further environmental and economic benefits,the ultrafast microwave technology holds scientific promise for directly regenerating cathode materials,while establishing competitiveness for industrial applications.

关键词： battery recycling spent lithium cobaltate microwave directly regeneration cathode materials

Two innovative equivalent statements of the third law of thermodynamics

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Chinese physics B 2024年第6期33卷 324-328页

作者：陈晓航周颖慧陈金灿 department of physics Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China

It is found from textbooks and literature that there are three different statements for the third law of thermodynamics,i.e., the Nernst theorem, the unattainability statement of absolute zero temperature, and the heat capacity statement. It is pointed out that such three statements correspond to three thermodynamic parameters, which are, respectively, the entropy,temperature, and heat capacity, and can be obtained by extrapolating the experimental results of different parameters at ultralow temperatures to absolute zero. It is expounded that because there is no need for additional assumptions in the derivation of the Nernst equation, the Nernst theorem should be renamed as the Nernst statement. Moreover, it is proved that both the Nernst statement and the heat capacity statement are mutually deducible and equivalent, while the unattainability of absolute zero temperature is only a corollary of the Nernst statement or the heat capacity statement so that it is unsuitably referred to as one statement of the third law of thermodynamics. The conclusion is that the Nernst statement and the heat capacity statement are two equivalent statements of the third law of thermodynamics.

关键词： Nernst statement heat capacity statement Nernst theorem absolute zero temperature the third law of thermodynamics

Analysis of pseudo-random number generators in QMC-SSE method

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Chinese physics B 2024年第3期33卷 75-79页

作者：刘东旭徐维张学锋 department of physics Chongqing UniversityChongqing 401331China

In the quantum Monte Carlo(QMC)method,the pseudo-random number generator(PRNG)plays a crucial role in determining the computation ***,the hidden structure of the PRNG may lead to serious issues such as the breakdown of the Markov ***,we systematically analyze the performance of different PRNGs on the widely used QMC method known as the stochastic series expansion(SSE)*** quantitatively compare them,we introduce a quantity called QMC efficiency that can effectively reflect the efficiency of the *** testing several representative observables of the Heisenberg model in one and two dimensions,we recommend the linear congruential generator as the best choice of *** work not only helps improve the performance of the SSE method but also sheds light on the other Markov-chain-based numerical algorithms.

关键词： stochastic series expansion quantum Monte Carlo pseudo-random number generator

Ultrahigh-brightness 50 MeV electron beam generation from laser wakefield acceleration in a weakly nonlinear regime

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第3期9卷 4-10页

作者： Zhongtao Xiang Changhai Yu Zhiyong Qin Xuhui Jiao Jiahui Cheng Qiaoxuan Zhou Gatie Axi Jianghua Jie Ya Huang Jintan Cai Jiansheng Liu department of physics Shanghai Normal UniversityShanghai 200234China

We propose an efficient scheme to produce ultrahigh-brightness tens of MeV electron beams by designing a density-tailored plasma to induce a wakefield in the weakly nonlinear regime with a moderate laser energy of 120 *** this scheme,the second bucket of the wakefield can have a much lower phase velocity at the steep plasma density down-ramp than the first bucket and can be exploited to implement longitudinal electron injection at a lower laser intensity,leading to the generation of bright electron beams with ultralow emittance together with low energy ***-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations are carried out and demonstrate that high-quality electron beams with a peak energy of 50 MeV,ultralow emittance of28 nm rad,energy spread of 1%,charge of 4.4 pC,and short duration less than 5 fs can be obtained within a 1-mm-long tailored plasma density,resulting in an ultrahigh six-dimensional brightness B6D,n of2×1017 A/m2/0.1%.By changing the density parameters,tunable bright electron beams with peak energies ranging from 5 to 70 MeV,a small emittance of B0.1 mm mrad,and a low energy spread at a few-percent level can be *** bright MeV-class electron beams have a variety of potential applications,for example,as ultrafast electron probes for diffraction and imaging,in laboratory astrophysics,in coherent radiation source generation,and as injectors for GeV particle accelerators.

关键词： weakly nonlinear acceleration

A dual-mode optical thermometer based on dual-excitation Bi^(3+),Sm^(3+)co-doped Y_(4)GeO_(8) phosphors

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第8期42卷 1437-1446,I0002页

作者： Danyu Zhang Yuxuan Luo Junyu Chen Lianjie Li Hai Guo department of physics Zhejiang Normal UniversityJinhua321004China

Dual-excitation and dual-emission Y_(4)GeO_(8):Bi^(3+),Sm^(3+)phosphors were manufactured by traditional solidphase sintering *** X-ray diffraction,morphology,photoluminescence,energy transfer process and temperature sensing properties of Y_(4)GeO_(8):Bi^(3+),Sm^(3+)samples were comprehensively *** Y4GeO_(8):Bi^(3+),Sm^(3+)phosphors exhibit characteristic emissions of Bi^(3+)(^(3)P_(1)→^(1)S_(0)) and Sm^(3+)(^(4)G_(5/2)→^(6)H)under both 290 and 347 nm *** fluorescence intensity ratio and Commission International de L'Eclairage coordinates modes,Y_(4)GeO_(8):Bi^(3+),Sm^(3+)samples present excellent temperature measurement *** maximum relative sensitivity(S_(r-max)) values of the former are 1.55%/K(460 K,290 nm excitation) and 0.82%/K(506 K,347 nm excitation).The S_(r-max)(x) values of the latter are 0.21 %/K(437 K,290 nm excitation) and 0.15%/K(513 K,347 nm excitation).These results illustrate that Y_(4)GeO_(8):Bi^(3+),Sm^(3+)phospho rs can be used as a candidate material for a dual-mode optical thermometer under dual-excitation.

关键词： Dual-mode optical thermometer Luminescent properties Y_(4)GeO_(8):Bi^(3+) Sm^(3+)phosphors Rare earths

Effect of Eu3+,Bi3+,and Li+ doping on luminescent property of GdNbO4

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第1期42卷 66-75页

作者： S.W.Wi Y.S.Lee department of physics and Integrative Institute of Basic Sciences Soongsil University

We investigated the emission properties of Eu3+-doped GdNbO4-based oxide phosphors,aiming at improving the Eu3+emission by codoping of Bi3+and Li+.Eu3+singly doped,Eu3+and Bi3+doubly doped,and Eu3+,Bi3+,and Li+triply doped GdNbO4were prepared using a high-temperature solid-state reaction *** red-orange emissions from Eu3+in the singly doped samples are significantly improved by the codoping of Bi3+,mainly due to the energy transfer from Bi3+to Eu3+.The additional codoping of Li+is found to increase the Eu3+emission *** improvement might be attributed to the increase in the photoluminescent quantum yield originating from larger grain sizes and better crystallinity.A detailed analysis of the X-ray diffraction pattern and the asymmetric ratio estimated from the photoluminescence spectra show that the local lattice environment around Eu3+in GdNbO4does not change significantly with the codoping of Bi3+and Li+.Our results indicate that Li+doping is a promising way to improve the emission properties of rare-earth ion-doped GdNbO4phosphors.

关键词： Eu 3+ GdNbO 4 Codoping of Li + Photoluminescence Sensitizer Rare earths

Tunable luminescence of Bi^(3+)/Eu^(3+)-doped SiO_(2)-Al_(2)O_(3)-MCO_(3)(M=Ca,Sr,Ba) glasses for WLED

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第9期42卷 1652-1657,I0001页

作者： Falin Zhang Xiaoying Liang Rongfei Wei Hai Guo Fangfang Hu department of physics Zhejiang Normal UniversityJinhua321004China

In this work,a group of Bi^(3+)/Eu^(3+)-doped SiO2-Al_(2)O_(3)-MCO_(3)(M=Ca,Sr,Ba) glasses were fabricated through melt-quenching *** structure and photoluminescence characters were studied via Xray diffraction(XRD),UV-Vis transmission spectra(TRS),excitation spectra,emission spectra and decay *** XRD results show that no nano-crystal phase forms in glass matrix with different doping concentrations of Bi^(3+)and Eu^(3+)*** regulating optical alkalinity value,the intensity of Bi^(3+)ions increases and the peak position shifts to red *** Bi^(3+)/Eu^(3+) co-doped glasses show a blue-white-yellow-red luminescence by changing concentration of Eu^(3+) *** transfer efficiency from Bi^(3+) to Eu^(3+) can reach as high as 10.54%.At 423 K, the emission intensity of 55SiO_(2)-10Al_(2)O_(3)-35BaO-0.25Bi_(2)O_(3)(GBE0.5) is 31.1% of that at 308 ***,the activation energy of the glass matrix is 0.251 *** results suggest that these Bi^(3+)/Eu^(3+) co-doped glass samples possess potential application in LED field.

关键词： Bi^(3+) Eu^(3+) Glass White light-emitting diode Energy transfer Rare earths

Emission wavelength selection via anomalous polarized fluorescence in ZnO-C nanowires

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Nano Research 2024年第5期17卷 4489-4497页

作者： Joon Kiat Kang Kim Yong Lim Chorng Haur Sow department of physics National University of SingaporeSingapore 117542Singapore

Defect fluorescence from high aspect ratio semiconductor nanowires typically displays a weak polarization parallel to the nanowire’s long axis due to dielectric mismatch in high aspect ratio ***,anomalous 2.2 eV defect fluorescence distinctly polarized perpendicular to the nanowire is observed and measured from carbon-incorporated zinc oxide *** observations are significant because polarized defect emissions with consistent polarization on a mesoscopic scale are *** a systematic study and comparison of experimental results with density functional theory calculations,an oriented defect complex comprising carbon substituting on an oxygen site and an oxygen vacancy(CO-VO)is deduced to be responsible for the anomalous yellow fluorescence,demonstrating a method for relating atomic-scale defect geometry to mesoscopic *** anomalous emission can appear in both green-and red-fluorescing nanowires grown with different carbon concentrations,verifying the independence and uniqueness of the 2.2 eV *** allows for polarization-dependent emission wavelength selection from a single nanowire.

关键词： anomalous polarization defects fluorescence zinc oxide carbon

Nondegenerate Soliton Solutions of(2+1)-Dimensional Multi-Component Maccari System

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Chinese physics Letters 2024年第6期41卷 11-17页

作者：孟勇方乒乒林机 department of physics Zhejiang Normal UniversityJinhua 321004China

For a multi-component Maccari system with two spatial dimensions,nondegenerate one-soliton and two-soliton solutions are obtained with the bilinear *** can be seen by drawing the spatial graphs of nondegenerate solitons that the real component of the system shows a cross-shaped structure,while the two solitons of the complex component show a multi-solitoff *** the same time,the asymptotic analysis of the interaction behavior of the two solitons is conducted,and it is found that under partially nondegenerate conditions,the real and complex components of the system experience elastic collision and inelastic collision,respectively.

关键词： structure. degenerate soliton