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Prediction of Whitefly Population and Infestation Based on Multitrophic Analysis between Competitor Pest,Plant Traits and Natural Enemy

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Journal of Agricultural science and Technology(A) 2019年第5期9卷 294-309页

作者： Mohd Rasdi Zaini Noor Shuhaina Shaikh Mazran Che Salmah Md Rawi Alshami Salman department of Entomology Faculty of Plantation and AgrotechnologyUniversity Teknologi MARA(UiTM)Cawangan Melaka Campus JasinMelaka 77300Malaysia department of Entomology Faculty of Plantation and AgrotechnologyUniversity Teknologi MARA(UiTM)Shah Alam 45400Malaysia School of Biological sciences Universiti Sains MalaysiaPenang 11800Malaysia

Interaction among arthropods(insect-acarine)was investigated at all trophic levels in agro-ecosystem and affects the population dynamic and diversification of arthropod pests and intensity of natural enemy(parasitism)as well as stimulates the plant chemical defence.In the present study of two cropping periods,nutrient concentration and early infestation of plant-sucking pests are known to trigger different degrees of interactions(plant’s parameters)which potentially alert abundance and diversity of the insect pests.Clearer interaction and magnitude of impact could be assessed(multivariate analysis of variance(MANOVA)and redundancy analysis(RDA))and observed between arthropods(insect-acarine)community and plants’parameters from the strongest to the lowest effects.The two factors could have affected the community of insect-pests with various degrees of pressure effect and interaction that occurred naturally,thus leading to the predictable abundance of insect-acarine populations under eggplant leaves in response to plant physical characteristics(e.g.,size of leaves,number of leaves and plant height)and biochemical constituents(flavonoid,phenolic,peroxidase andβ-1,3-glucanase).Based on multivariate analyses of multitrophic interaction,MANOVA and RDA have the potential to elucidate the complex interaction among plant performance,abundance of pests and activity chemical defence compounds.Both analyses interpreted similar interactions of measured parameters in different ways.Whitefly population in this study was predictable by aphids,thrips and total phenolic contents in eggplant.Eggplant has capable defence systems against insect-acarine pests after stimulation(pre-infestation).In relation to IPM strategy,early stages of plant growth are known as susceptible periods for pests attack but the plant becomes more tolerant during the fruiting stage.

关键词： Multitrophic insect interaction whitefly aphids thrips and eggplant

Community-Based Coral Reef Rehabilitation in a Changing Climate:Lessons Learned from Hurricanes,Extreme Rainfall,and Changing Land Use Impacts

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Open Journal of Ecology 2014年第14期4卷 918-944页

作者： Edwin A.Hernandez-Delgado Alex E.Mercado-Molina Pedro J.Alejandro-Camis Frances Candelas-Sanchez Jaime S.Fonseca-Miranda Carmen M.Gonzalez-Ramos Roger Guzman-Rodriguez Pascal Mege Alfredo A.Montanez-Acuna Ivan Olivo Maldonado Abimarie Otano-Cruz Samuel E.Suleiman-Ramos Center for Applied Tropical Ecology and Conservation Coral Reef Research GroupUniversity of Puerto RicoSan JuanPuerto Rico department of Biology University of Puerto RicoSan JuanPuerto Rico Sociedad Ambiente Marino San JuanPuerto Rico department of Environmental sciences University of Puerto RicoSan JuanPuerto Rico

Coral reefs have largely declined across multiple spatial scales due to a combination of local-scale anthropogenic impacts, and due to regional-global climate change. This has resulted in a significant loss of entire coral functional groups, including western Atlantic Staghorn coral (Acropora cervicornis) biotopes, and in a net decline of coral reef ecosystem resilience, ecological functions, services and benefits. Low-tech coral farming has become one of the most important tools to help restore depleted coral reefs across the Wider Caribbean Region. We tested a community-based, low-tech coral farming approach in Culebra Island, Puerto Rico, aimed at adapting to climate change-related impacts through a two-year project to propagate A. cervicornis under two contrasting fishing management conditions, in coastal areas experimenting significant land use changes. Extreme rainfall events and recurrent tropical storms and hurricanes had major site-and method-specific impacts on project outcome, particularly in areas adjacent to deforested lands and subjected to recurrent impacts from land-based source pollution (LBSP) and runoff. Overall, coral survival rate in “A frame” units improved from 73% during 2011-2012 to 81% during 2012-2013. Coral survival rate improved to 97% in horizontal line nurseries (HLN) incorporated during 2012-2013. Percent tissue cover ranged from 86% to 91% in “A frames”, but reached 98% in HLN. Mean coral skeletal extension was 27 cm/y in “A frames” and 40 cm/y in HLN. These growth rates were up to 545% to 857% faster than previous reports from coral farms from other parts of the Caribbean, and up to 438% faster than wild colonies. Branch production and branchiness index (no. harvestable branches > 6 cm) increased by several orders of magnitude in comparison to the original colonies at the beginning of the project. Coral mortality was associated to hurricane physical impacts and sediment-laden runoff impacts associated to extreme rainfall and deforestation of adjacent lands. This raises a challeng

关键词： Acropora cervicornis Climate Change Coral Farming Extreme Weather Events

Animal diversities and characteristics of environmental change revealed by skeletons unearthed at Zhongba Site of Chongqing City,China

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Chinese science Bulletin 2008年第S1期53卷 74-86页

作者： ZHU Cheng MA ChunMei OUYANG Jie LI ZhongXuan YIN Qian SUN ZhiBin HUANG YunPing R.K.FLAD LI Lan LI YuMei School of Geographic and Oceanographic sciences of Nanjing University Nanjing 210093China Cultural Relic and Archaeology Research Institute of Sichuan Province Chengdu 610041China Faculty of Archaeology and Museology Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China department of Anthropology Peabody MuseumHarvard UniversityCambridgeMA 02138USA Graduate University of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049China

Nearly 200000 animal skeletons are unearthed in the Unit T0202 from Zhongba Site of Zhongxian County.According to the analysis of 129165 specimens,these skeletons may be classified into 5 kinds, namely,Mammalia,Osteichthys,Aves,Amphibian and Reptilia,which belong to 13 orders,28 families and 42 genera.In this paper,based on archeological dating and AMS 14 C data,through statistically analyzing the unearthed skeletons and studying the change of the smallest individual numbers,these research results detected the following:1)In almost all the time of 2370―200 BC,in Zhongba region, some animals distributed widely,such as Muntiacus sp,Elaphodus cephalophus and Muntiacus sp. inhabiting in glade and grassland,Scrofa sp.and Canis familiaris raised by the ancient people,rodentia rabbit and Rattus rattus,which suggested that a fairly good ecological environment of forest and grassland was preserved at that period and the predecessors began to raise domestic animals from 1750 to 1000 BC,which has lasted until today.2)Rhinoceros only lived during 2000―1750 BC,1000― 700 BC and 700―500 BC,which indicates that the ecological environment of grassland and wetland might be better in these phases.3)Macaca sp.and Ursus arctos appeared only after 1750―1000 BC, which may show that the forest condition is better for animals to live during 1750―200 BC.4)The smallest individual numbers of Bublus sp.,bos sp.and otters emerged during about 2370―1750 BC, which perhaps infers that water area during the early period was wider than that of the late period.5) Since skeletons of rhinoceros are discovered in strata of Zhongba Site during 2000―1750 BC and 1000―500 BC,according to the climate and ecology environment which rhinoceros live in now,the average annual temperature and precipitation during 2000―1750 BC and 1000―500 BC are supposed to be probably higher than that of today.Although Zhu Kezhen considered that the first low temperature period in the past 5000 years of China was between 1100 BC and 850 BC,massive pollen of Morus, Ulmus,Fagus,Q

关键词： Zhongba Site animal skeletons animal diversity climate and ecological environment change 2370 BC—200 BC

Towards an integrative approach to evaluate the environmental ecosystem services provided by urban forest

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Journal of Forestry Research 2019年第6期30卷 1981-1996页

作者： Samson Roeland Marco Moretti Jorge Humberto Amorim Cristina Branquinho Silvano Fares Federico Morelli Ulo Niinemets Elena Paoletti Pedro Pinho Gregorio Sgrigna Vladimir Stojanovski Abhishek Tiwary Pierre Sicard Carlo Calfapietra department of Bioscience Engineering Research Group Environmental Ecology and Applied MicrobiologyLaboratory of Environmental and Urban EcologyUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium Institute of Research on Terrestrial ecosystems(IRET) CNRHeadquartersVia Marconi 2PoranoItaly Forest Faculty in Skopje University SS Cyril and Methodius1000 SkopjeMacedonia Faculty of Engineering and the Environment University of SouthamptonHighfieldSouthampton SO17 1BJUK ARGANS 260 Route du Pin Montard06904 Sophia AntipolisFrance department of Landscape Design and Sustainable ecosystems Agrarian-technological InstituteRUDN UniversityMiklukho-Maklaya Str.6MoscowRussia 117198 Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL Biodiversity and Conservation BiologyZu¨rcherstrasse 1118903 BirmensdorfSwitzerland Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute(SMHI) SE-60176 Norrko¨pingSweden Faculdade de Cieecias cE3c-Centre for EcologyEvolution and Environmental ChangesUniversidade de LisboaCampo GrandeLisbon 1749-016Portugal Council for Agricultural Research and Economics(CREA) Research Center for Forestry and WoodArezzoItaly department of Applied Geoinformatics and Spatial Planning Faculty of Environmental SciencesCzech University of Life Sciences PragueKamy′cka′129165 00 Prague 6Czech Republic Institute of Agricultural and Environmental sciences Estonian University of Life SciencesKreutzwaldi 1Tartu 51014Estonia Institute of Research on Terrestrial ecosystems(IRET) CNRSection of FlorenceVia Madonna del Piano 10Sesto FiorentinoItaly Centre for Natural Resources and the Environment Instituto Superior Te′cnicoUniversity of LisbonLisbon 1749-016Portugal

As a Nature-Based Solution,urban forests deliver a number of environmental ecosystem services(EESs).To quantify these EESs,well-defined,reliable,quantifiable and stable indicators are needed.With literature analysis and expert knowledge gathered within COST Action FP1204 GreenInUrbs,we proposed a classification of urban forest EESs into three categories:(A)regulation of air,water,soil and climate;(B)provisioning of habitat quality;and(C)provisioning of other goods and services.Each category is divided into EES types:(a)amelioration of air quality;restoration of soil and water;amelioration of the microclimate;removal of CO2 from the air;(b)provision of habitat for biodiversity;support for resilient urban ecosystems;provision of genetic diversity;and(c)provision of energy and nutrients;provision of grey infrastructure resilience.Each EES type provides one or more benefits.For each of these 12 benefits,we propose a set of indicators to be used when analyzing the impacts on the identified EESs.Around half of the 36 indicators are relevant to more than one single benefit,which highlights complex interrelationships.The indicators of wider applicability are tree and stand characteristics,followed by leaf physical traits and tree species composition.This knowledge is needed for the optimization of the EESs delivered by urban forests,now and in the future.

关键词： Urban forests Environmental ecosystem services Indicators

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以气候行动助力健康老龄化

科学通报 2023年第33期68卷 4472-4479页

作者：蔡闻佳张弛张诗卉白玉琪 Max Callaghan 常楠陈彬陈慧琪程亮亮崔学勤戴瀚程 Bawuerjiang Danna 董文轩范维澄房小怡高仝耿阳关大博胡艺馨华峻翊黄存瑞黄弘黄建斌江林朗蒋俏蕾姜晓朋金虎 Gregor Kiesewetter 梁璐林波荣林华亮刘欢刘起勇刘涛刘小波刘心远刘钊刘竹楼书含鲁晨曦罗震宇孟文君苗卉任超 Marina Romanello Wolfgang Schopp 苏婧汤绪王灿王琼 Laura Warnecke 文三妹 Wilfried Winiwarter 谢杨徐冰颜钰杨秀姚芳虹俞乐袁嘉灿曾仪娉张镜张璐张锐张尚辰张少辉赵梦真赵琦郑大山周浩周景博罗勇宫鹏清华大学地球系统科学系北京100084 北京理工大学管理与经济学院北京100081 Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate ChangeBerlin 10829Germany 南京医科大学公共卫生学院南京211166 北京师范大学环境学院北京100875 中山大学公共卫生学院广州510080 北京大学环境科学与工程学院北京100871 清华大学新闻与传播学院北京100084 清华大学公共安全研究所北京100084 清华大学工程物理系北京100084 中国气象科学研究院气象影响与风险研究中心北京100086 山东师范大学商学院济南250013 清华大学建筑学院北京100084 东南大学经济管理学院南京211189 中国海洋大学国际事务与公共管理学院青岛266003 清华大学万科公共卫生学院北京100084 中国科学技术大学计算机科学与技术学院合肥230027 世界卫生组织驻华代表处北京100600 复旦大学大气与海洋系/大气科学研究院上海200438 复旦大学极端天气/气候事件与人体健康风险互联和治理国际卓越中心上海200438 Pollution Management Research Group EnergyClimateand Environment ProgramInternational Institute for Applied Systems Analysis(IIASA)Laxenburg 2361Austria department of geography and the Environment University of North TexasDenton TX 76203-5017USA 清华大学环境学院北京100084 中国疾病预防控制中心传染病预防控制所传染病溯源预警与智能决策全国重点实验室北京102206 北京经济管理职业学院临空经济管理学院北京100102 Belfer Center for science and International Affairs Harvard UniveristyCambridge 02138USA 北京大学城市与环境学院北京100871 香港大学建筑学院中国香港999077 Institute for Global Health University College LondonLondon WC1H 0ALUK 清华大学人文学院北京100084 北京航空航天大学经济与管理学院北京100083 山东大学齐鲁医学院公共卫生学院流行病学系济南250002 清华大学气候变化与可持续发展研究院北京100084 北京大学体育教研部北京100871 清华大学苏世民学院北京100084 山东大学气候变化与健康研究中心济南250002 清华大学城市治理与可持续发展研究院北京100084 百度研究院北京100091 香港大学地球科学系和地理系中国香港999077

在中国宣布碳中和目标以及频繁遭受极端气候事件的背景下,2021年以来中国社会对气候变化的关注度持续高涨.与此同时,随着中国人口老龄化趋势愈加明显,气候变化所带来的健康风险问题日益突出.采取健康友好型的气候变化应对策略及碳中和... 详细信息

在中国宣布碳中和目标以及频繁遭受极端气候事件的背景下,2021年以来中国社会对气候变化的关注度持续高涨.与此同时,随着中国人口老龄化趋势愈加明显,气候变化所带来的健康风险问题日益突出.采取健康友好型的气候变化应对策略及碳中和实现路径,将可以有效减少人类(尤其是老年人群)的空气污染暴露情况.这方面的行动不仅有助于改善人类健康和福祉,还能够促进经济社会的高质量发展.

关键词：健康老龄化碳中和气候变化应对极端气候事件人口老龄化趋势老年人群健康风险实现路径

Evapotranspiration and soil water relationships in a range of disturbed and undisturbed ecosystems in the semi-arid Inner Mongolia,China

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2011年第1期4卷 49-60页

作者： Nan Lu Shiping Chen Burkhard Wilske Ge Sun Jiquan Chen department of Environmental sciences University of ToledoToledoOH 43606USA Research Center for Eco-Environmental sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences18 Shuangqing RoadBeijing 100085China State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of BotanyThe Chinese Academy of Sciences20 Xiangshan NanxincunBeijing 100093China USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station 920 Main CampusVenture II BuildingSuite 300RaleighNC 27606USA

Aims Evapotranspiration(ET)is a key component of water balance and is closely linked to ecosystem productivity.In arid regions,large proportion of precipitation(PPT)is returned to the atmosphere through ET,with only a small amount available to plants.Our objective was to examine the variability in ET–soil water relationship based on a set of ecosystems that are representative for semi-arid Inner Mongolia and its main land use practices.Methods This study used Eddy covariance(EC)data of water vapor(i.e.ET,mm),PPT(mm),soil volumetric water content(VWC,%),root biomass density and soil properties from three paired sites in semi-arid Inner Mongolia:cropland(Cropland-D)versus undisturbed grassland(Steppe-D),grazed grassland(Grazed Steppe-X)versus fenced grassland(Fenced Steppe-X)and poplar plantation(Poplar-K)versus undisturbed shrubland(Shrubland-K).The paired sites experienced similar climate conditions and were equipped with the same monitoring systems.Important Findings The ET/PPT ratio was significantly lower at Cropland-D and Grazed Steppe-X in comparison to the undisturbed grasslands,Steppe-D and Fenced Steppe-X.These differences are in part explained by the lower VWC in the upper soil layers associated with compaction of surface soil in heavily grazed and fallow fields.In contrast,the ET/PPT ratio was much higher at the poplar plantation compared to the undisturbed shrubland because poplar roots tap groundwater.The VWC of different soil layers responded differently to rainfall events across the six study sites.Except for Poplar-K,ETwas significantly constrained by VWC at the other five sites,although the correlation coefficients varied among soil layers.The relative contribution of soil water to ET correlated with the density of root biomass in the soil(R2=0.67,P<0.01).The soil water storage in the upper 50 cm of soil contributed 59,43,64 and 23%of total water loss as ET at Steppe-D,Cropland-D,Shrubland-K and Poplar-K,respectively.Our across-site analysis indicates that the site level of soil water for ET diffe

关键词： evapotranspiration soil water storage land use Inner Mongolia semi-arid region eddy-flux measurements

The impacts of suspended mariculture on coastal zones in China and the scope for Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture

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ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2017年第6期3卷 32-51页

作者： Reece Wartenberg Limin Feng Jia Jun Wu Yim Ling Mak Leo L.Chan Trevor C.Telfer Paul K.S.Lamab.c State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution City University of Hong KongKowloonHong Kong SARChina Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Sustainable Use of Marine BiodiversityCity University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute BuildingShenzhenGuangdongChina department of Biology and Chemistry City University of Hong KongKowloonHong Kong SARChina department of Biomedical sciences City University of Hong KongKowloonHong Kong SARChina Institute of Aquaculture University of StirlingStirlingUK

Introduction:China is responsible for more than 60%of global aquaculture production.As the frontiers of food production have expanded,the cultivation of marine organisms in coastal zones and the open ocean has grown rapidly.The dominant mariculture industry in China is suspended mariculture,which uses net cages,ropes,or other structures suspended in the water column to cultivate aquatic organisms.This systematic,quantitative review provides a clear and comprehensive account of research that has investigated the adverse impacts of suspended mariculture in China and reviews research that has applied Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture(IMTA)systems for mitigating impacts.This work builds on 218 peer reviewed papers that have been published in English-language journals.Outcomes:Eighteen impacts were identified,including chemical,ecological,physical,and socioeconomic impacts.Eighteen measures for improving suspended mariculture were recommended consisting of government department,farm management,and ecological engineering measures.IMTA was the most frequently recommended measure.The capabil-ities of IMTA for bioremediation and increased farm production were the most frequently studied advantages.Seven other benefits have been explored but remain understudied.The current challenges facing the expansion of commercial IMTA include limited use of new technology,limited skills development,decreasing production of low trophic-level species,biogeographic and temporal barriers,and negative system feedbacks.Conclusion:Despite challenges,implementing commercial IMTA is a promising measure for reducing the impacts of sus pended mariculture because it presents a range of secondary benefits that can improve the overall sustainability of aquaculture in the coastal zone.

关键词： Aquaculture bioremediation China impacts Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture pollution suspended mariculture

黄土高原西部上新统风成红粘土的微形态特征及其古环境意义

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第四纪研究 2023年第5期43卷 1172-1185页

作者：毛学刚刘秀铭赵景波王练福建师范大学地理研究所福建福州350117 福建师范大学湿润亚热带山地生态国家重点实验室培育基地福建福州350117 department of Earth and Environmental sciences MacquarieUniversitySydneyNSW2109Australia 陕西师范大学地理科学与旅游学院陕西西安710062 福建师范大学地理科学学院福建福州350117

黄土高原中新统-上新统风成红粘土沉积序列是记录东亚季风演化和亚洲内陆干旱化历史的重要载体。红粘土沉积前可能存在相当程度的风化过程,准确区分物源区原生信号和沉积后次生成壤信号是红粘土古气候重建的基础。偏光显微镜下土壤微形... 详细信息

黄土高原中新统-上新统风成红粘土沉积序列是记录东亚季风演化和亚洲内陆干旱化历史的重要载体。红粘土沉积前可能存在相当程度的风化过程,准确区分物源区原生信号和沉积后次生成壤信号是红粘土古气候重建的基础。偏光显微镜下土壤微形态可直观反映沉积结构和成壤程度。本研究以黄土高原西部董湾剖面厚约73.7 m的中新统-上新统(7.1~3.52 Ma)红粘土及其中的钙积层为对象,在野外考察的基础上,对该剖面上部12 m厚度的红粘土进行详细的土壤微形态分析和扫描电镜观察,并与上覆第四纪黄土沉积对比。结果显示,大部分红粘土及碳酸钙淀积层中,光性定向粘土不显著,粘化程度低,次生碳酸盐及晶体沿根孔和裂隙分布,古土壤总体为中等或弱发育程度。部分红粘土层中存在粘粒胶膜或铁锰结核,指示土壤发育相对较强。碳酸钙的淋溶淀积形式和红粘土序列中普遍存在的铁锰胶膜,与红粘土的透水性差、裂隙发育、地形和地下水位波动等因素有关,与古气候之间的关系存在一定的不确定性。红粘土序列中水的参与度高于第四纪黄土,流水侵蚀和地下水位波动影响区域之间地层对比和红粘土理化性质,亟需综合多种研究手段更准确认识红粘土的古气候和古环境意义。

关键词：红粘土古土壤微形态黄土-古土壤董湾

Seasonal influence and local factors affecting macroinvertebrate structure in a high-altitude Andean stream

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Journal of Mountain science 2020年第6期17卷 1374-1386页

作者： SCHEIBLER Erica E FERNáNDEZ CAMPóN Florencia LAGOS SILNIK Susana WELLNITZ Todd Laboratorio de Entomologia IADIZACCT CONICET MendozaAvenida Ruiz Leal s/nParque Gral.San MartinCC 5075500MendozaArgentina Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas(CONICET) Avenida Rivadavia 1917C1033AAJCABAArgentina Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Universidad Nacional de CuyoPadre Jorge Contreras 1300M5502JMA MendozaArgentina Biology department University o f Wisconsin-Eau Claire105 Garfield Avenue54701Eau ClaireWisconsinUSA

Small water bodies are critical for maintaining freshwater biodiversity,but are among the least investigated aquatic environments.We examined physical and chemical variables at two reaches in Arroyo Tambillos,a small,high-elevation Andean stream,in NW Mendoza province,Argentina,across four seasons to examine how local factors and seasonality affected the structure of the macroinvertebrate community.The Arroyo Tambillos community was numerically dominated by ephemeropterans(mainly Massartellopsis irarrazavali)while the dipteran Chironomidae were the most species rich.Total macroinvertebrate abundance was highest in summer,driven mainly by taxa that were secondary in dominance(Austrelmis sp.and Andesiops peruvianus),while richness did not differ between seasons.However,benthic composition was different in Fall 2013(March)compared to other seasons,largely because of the increased abundance of Chironomidae.Canonical correspondence analysis discriminated Chironomidae species distributions in Fall 2013 by substrate type(i.e.,big and small boulder substrate).By contrast,discharge,velocity,and depth were the variables which most affected the macroinvertebrate abundance and distributions.Contrary to our expectations,most community changes observed occurred in fall instead of summer.Nivo-kryal stream communities like the one described here have become increasingly important for conserving mountain stream biodiversity as anthropogentic impacts and climate change increasingly impact lower stream reaches.Therefore,monitoring high-altitude streams like the Arroyo Tambillos may be critical for preventing the future loss of unique and sensitive stream biota.

关键词： Ephemeroptera dominance Chironomidae richness Mountain small stream physical variables Biodiversity ecosystem