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Chlorogallate(Ⅲ) ionic liquids: Synthesis, acidity determination and their catalytic performances for isobutane alkylation

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Science China chemistry 2012年第8期55卷 1542-1547页

作者： XING XueQi ZHAO GuoYing CUI JianZhong Beijing Key Laboratory of lonic liquids Clean Process Key Laboratory of Green Process and EngineeringInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China department of chemistry Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China

A series of triethylammonium-based chlorogallate（Ⅲ） ionic liquids with varied Lewis acidity was synthesized, characterized, and firstly applied to isobutane alkylation. The [Et3NHC1]-GaCl3 with XGaCl3 =0.65 displayed a potential catalytic activity for the alkylation. The addition of copper halide into the chlorogallate（Ⅲ） ionic liquids dramatically enhanced the alkylation reac- tion. Up to 70.1% Cs selectivity and 91.3 RON were achieved with the [Et3NHC1]-GaC13-CuC1 （XGaCl3 = 0.65, CuCI = 5% tool） under 0.5 MPa, 900 r/min, 15 min, 288 K using the industrial C4 cut （isobutane/butene = 10）. These results indicate that the chlorogallate（Ⅲ） system may be used as a promising catalyst for the C4 alkylation.

关键词： chlorogallate(Ⅲ) acidic ionic liquid Lewis acid alkylation isobutane

Coating powder beds with liquids and foams based on viscous formulations using a twin screw mixer:A continuous process study

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Particuology 2024年第10期93卷 364-376页

作者： Mohamed S.Manga Dimitrios Kontziampasis Mustafa Al-Maqdad Sean Clifford Serafim Bakalis David W.York School of Chemical and Process Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS29JTUK School of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS29JTUK School of Science and Engineering University of DundeeDD14HNDundeeScotlandUK Dundee International Institute of Central South University Tongzipo RoadCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410013China department of Chemical Engineering School of EngineeringUniversity of NewcastleNewcastleNE17RUUK School of Chemical Engineering University of BirminghamBirminghamB152TTUK department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of NottinghamNG72RDUK

Coating with viscous formulations has been essential in numerous industries as it can be a means for providing functionalization, additional properties, as well as other benefits. However, there have been scarce studies that have investigated and proposed methodologies in literature. Continuous coating of powders with viscous liquids poses as a promising technology, which has been mentioned in some studies, but has not yet been thoroughly investigated. This paper employs the use of image processing and analysis, in combination with statistical analysis of particles to evaluate the effectiveness of foams and liquids as a means of coating powder beds. Two different sizes of twin screw mixers that are working in continuous operation are employed, and a new continuous foaming device is fabricated and used for the experiments of coating. The effect of materials and process parameters (as for example rotational speed, and flowrate) on the quality of coating are investigated. Image analysis is used to assess the coating quality. The results clearly showcase the potential of using twin screw mixers for coating purposes and not only for mixing. The hypothesis that using large bubble foams to improve the coating of viscous liquids on particles is proven correct, as they provide higher quality coatings compared to their equivalent liquids, when used in the twin screw mixer. Surprisingly, using a larger scale twin screw mixer, does not show a substantial effect on the mixing, regarding quality, however there is still a requirement for mix optimization for achieving scale-up of this process. These results provide a new pathway for coating powders with viscous formulations in industrial applications, requiring less energy and effort in this process, and can pave the way towards introducing more sustainable industrial methodologies for coating.

关键词： Powder coating Continuous processing Viscous liquid Foam Image analysis Positron emission particle traking(PEPT)

Intelligent solubility estimation of gaseous hydrocarbons in ionic liquids

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Petroleum 2024年第1期10卷 109-123页

作者： Behnaz Basirat Fariborz Shaahmadi Seyed Sorosh Mirfasihi Abolfazl Jomekian Bahamin Bazooyar Ahvaz Faculty of Petroleum Engineering Petroleum University of Technology(PUT)Ahvaz***Iran School of Engineering&physical Sciences Heriot Watt UniversityEdinburgh EH144ASUK department of Fluids&Environment The University of ManchesterManchesterM139PLUK department of Engineering Chemical Engineering GroupEsfarayen University of TechnologyIran Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Brunel University LondonUxbridge UB83PHUK

The research focuses on evaluating how well new solvents attract light hydrocarbons,such as propane,methane,and ethane,in natural gas sweetening *** is important to accurately determine the solubility of hydrocarbons in these solvents to effectively manage the sweetening *** address this challenge,the study proposes using advanced empirical models based on artificial intelligence techniques like Multi-Layer Artificial Neural Network(ML-ANN),Support Vector Machines(SVM),and Least Square Support Vector Machine(LSSVM).The parameters for the SVM and LSSVM models are estimated using optimization methods like Genetic Algorithm(GA),Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO),and Shuffled Complex Evolution(SCE).Data on the solubility of propane,methane,and ethane in various ionic liquids are collected from reliable literature sources to create a comprehensive *** proposed artificial intelligence models show great accuracy in predicting hydrocarbon solubility in ionic *** these,the hybrid SVM models perform exceptionally well,with the PSO-SVM hybrid model being particularly efficient *** ensure a comprehensive analysis,different examples of hydrocarbons and their order are ***,a comparative analysis is conducted to compare the AI models with the thermodynamic COSMO-RS model for solubility *** results demonstrate the superiority of the AI models,as they outperform traditional thermodynamic models across a wide range of *** conclusion,this study introduces advanced artificial intelligence algorithms such as ML-ANN,SVM,and LSSVM in accurately estimating the solubility of hydrocarbons in ionic *** incorporation of optimization techniques and variations in hydrocarbon examples improves the accuracy,precision,and reliability of these intelligent *** findings highlight the significant potential of AI-based approaches in solubility analysis and emphasize their superiority over traditional thermodynami

关键词： Solubility Gaseous hydrocarbon Intelligent models Ionic liquids

Liquid metal droplet dynamics

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Droplet 2024年第1期3卷 61-94页

作者： Xi Zhao Mengwen Qiao Yingxin Zhou Jing Liu Key Laboratory of Cryogenics Technical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina School of Future Technology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina department of Biomedical Engineering School of MedicineTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina

The unique properties to combine the dual merits of both liquids and metals together make the gallium‐based liquid metal(LM)droplets a class of unconventional substitute which possess great potential for a group of newly emerging areas,such as stretchable electronics,soft devices,micro sensors and *** addition,LM droplets are undoubtedly an intriguing target worth of pursuing in fundamental hydrodynamic investigations due to their extremely high surface tension nature compared to classical nonmetallic *** the discovery of the diverse transformation phenomena and self‐fueled droplet mollusks of LM that can move automatically in solution via single electricity or even without any external energy supply,tremendous attentions were attracted to this special fluidic object of LM *** the past decade,there has been a proliferation of explorations on LM droplet dynamics,while the involved contents are heterogeneous due to the interfacial physical/chemical activity of the LM and the diversity of the kinetic *** better understand and manipulate the droplet behavior and to promote further development of the LMs,this review is dedicated to summarize the latest progress and presents an overview on basic findings related to LM macrodroplet ***,the extended definition of LM droplets and the corresponding fabrication methods are ***,typical works on LM droplet dynamics are systematically interpreted based on their different behavior ***,the perspectives,main obstacles and challenges restricting the development of LM droplet dynamics are pointed out.

关键词： dynamics behavior doubt

Structure-property relationships in ILs: A study of the alkyl chain length dependence in vaporisation enthalpies of pyridinium based ionic liquids

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Science China chemistry 2012年第8期55卷 1525-1531,1-6页

作者： ZAITSAU Dzmitry H. YERMALAYEU Andrei V. EMEL'YANENKO Vladimir N. VEREVKIN Sergey P. WELZ-BIERMANN Urs SCHUBERT Thomas department of physical chemistry University of Rostock Dr-Lorenz-Weg 1 D-18059 Rostock Germany Evonik Degussa Taiwan Ltd. 133 Minsheng East Road Section Taipei 10596 China 3IoLiTec Ionic Liquids Technologies GmbH Salzstrasse 184 74076 Heilbronn Germany

The enthalpies of vaporization for the series of pyridinium-based ionic liquids with bis（trifluoromethylsulfonyl）imide anion [CnPy][NTfz] （n = 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6） have been determined with the quartz crystal microbalance technique combined with the Langmuir evaporation. The linear dependence of vaporization enthalpies on the chain length has been revealed. New approach based on volumetric, surface tension, and speed of sound measurements has been developed for estimation of heat capacity differences between gas and liquid phase, which were required for adjustment of measured vaporization enthalpies to the ref- erence temperature 298 K.

关键词： ionic liquids enthalpy of vaporization quartz crystal microbalance structure-property relations

Electrochemical Study and Electrodeposition of Copper（I） in Ionic Liquid-reline

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2013年第5期29卷 991-997页

作者： POPESCU Ana-Maria COJOCARU Anca DONATH Cristina CONSTANTIN Virgil Laboratory of Molten Salts "Hie Murgulescu" Institute of Physical Chemistry of Romanian Academy Bucharest 060021 Romania department of Applied physical chemistry and Electrochemistry University Politehnica of Bucharest Bucharest 010737 Romania

The authors made the electrochemical studies on the electrode processes during copper electrodeposition with ionic liquids-reline as an electrolytic medium. Reline is a commercial name for a eutectic mixture of choline chloride and urea（1：2, molar ratio）. This new proposed method of copper deposition is an ecological one because the ionic liquids are recyclable, non-volatile and non-toxic. Cyclic voltammetry investigations were conducted at 343 and 353 K in choline chloride-urea（Reline） deep eutectic solvent with single salt CuCl（generally in 0.05--0.38 mol/L concentration range）. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy investigations were conducted in choline chloride- urea ionic liquid with CuCI（0.05 mol/L）. We investigated both cathodic and anodic processes of Cu＋ ions at different sweep rates in this new electrolytic system based on choline chloride. We have proposed by this an alternative to the classical copper electrodeposition. Coefficient of diffusion, Do, for the system Reline-CuCl is presented and the value of D0 is 1.22× 10^-8 cm2/s.

关键词： Ionic liquid Reline Electrodeposition Cu(I) Coefficient of diffusion

High viscosity of ionic liquids causes rate retardation of Diels-Alder reactions

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Science China chemistry 2012年第8期55卷 1633-1637页

作者： KUMAR Anil PAWAR Sanjay S. physical chemistry Division National Chemical Laboratory

Second order rate constants, ka have been determined for three bi-molecular Diels-Alder reactions to demonstrate that the high viscosity of ionic liquids can be a detrimental property in carrying out Diels-Alder reactions, if ionic liquids are employed as solvent media. It is possible to enhance the reaction rates of the reaction if a co-solvent is mixed in pure ionic liquid used as a solvent.

关键词： ionic liquids viscosity kinetics Diels.Alder reactions

Ionic liquid-assisted hydrothermal synthesis of SnS nanoparticles:Electrode materials for lithium batteries,photoluminescence and photocatalytic activities

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Journal of Energy chemistry 2018年第3期27卷 806-812页

作者： K.N.Manukumar G.Nagaraju Brij Kishore C.Madhu N.Munichandraiah department of chemistry Siddaganga Institute of TechnologyTumkurKarnatakaIndia department of Inorganic and physical chemistry Indian Institute of ScienceBangaloreKarnatakaIndiac department of Physics.Siddaganga Institute of Technology.Tumkur KarnatakaIndia

Tin mono-sulphide（Sn S） nanoparticles（Nps） have been successfully synthesised through ionic liquid assisted hydrothermal method using hydrated tin（II） chloride as a precursor, thiourea as sulphur source precursors using 2-Methoxy ethyl methyl imidazolium methane sulfonate ionic liquid as co-solvent. The Reitveld refinement on powder X-ray diffraction（PXRD） confirmed the presence of orthorhombic Sn S structure as major phase along with traces amount of Sn S2 and Sn2 S3. Diffuse reflectance spectrum studies revealed the energy band gap around 1.38 e V. TEM images confirmed the Sn S Nps with average particle size of 40 nm and HRTEM suggest good crystallinity. The electrochemical property for lithium storage behaviour shows an initial discharge capacity of 658 m Ah/g and it retains discharge capacity of 426 m Ah/g for 16 cycles, at current density 100 m A/g. The obtained results indicate that Sn S Nps to be one of the possible promising anode materials for next generation Lithium batteries. Photoluminescence study of Sn S Nps shows a strong green emission at 530 nm. Sn S Nps were also tested for the photocatalytic adsorption of methylene blue and Rhodamine B.

关键词： Nanoparticles Lithium-ion batteries Ionic liquids Ionothermal

Synthesis of VIB Group Metals Silicides Dispersed Powders by Electrolysis of Halide-Oxide Melts

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Journal of chemistry and Chemical Engineering 2016年第1期10卷 7-12页

作者： Liliia Molotovska Dmytro Shakhnin Natalia Uskova Ganna Nikulina Vladymyr Cherednik Serge Stukota Viktor Malyshev department of physical chemistry of lonic liquids V. I. Vernadsky Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 32/34 Palladina Ave. Kyiv 03142 Ukraine Faculty of Engineering & Technology University of Ukraine 23 L vivska St. Kyiv 03115 Ukraine

Study of electrochemical behavior of chromium （molybdenum, tungsten） and silicon containing melts allowed defining conditions for synthesis of silicides of chromium, molybdenum and tungsten in the form of fine powders by electrolysis of halide-oxide melts. Sequence of stages of electrosynthesis of silicides of molybdenum and tungsten was found as follows： deposition of more electroposifve metal （molybdenum or tungsten）, deposition of the second component （silicon） on the surface of metal deposited previously, and reaction diffusion of silicon into the deep of the metal-salt ＂pear＂ with the formation of silicide phases of different compositions up to the higher silicides. In contrast, during the electrodeposition of chromium silicides, one of the components （chromium） is deposited not in elemental form, but in oxide form, and the other （silicon） acts as a reducing agent for this oxide to form binary compounds. Duration of the synthesis first stage （deposition of refractory metal or of its oxide） depends on the refractory metal compound content in the system and on the cathode current density. Synthesis of silicides is possible due to retention of powders of molybdenum （tungsten） or chromium oxide at the cathode without scaling. Optimal values of concentrations ratio, current density, temperature, and duration of electrosynthesis were found. Phase composition of products were obtained, as well as their chemical and thermal stability, were studied.

关键词： Chromium molybdenum tungsten silicides synthesis dispersed powders ionic melts.