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Single-atom catalysts for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide into hydrocarbons and oxygenates

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Carbon Energy 2024年第3期6卷 64-117页

作者： Karl Adrian Gandionco Juwon Kim Lieven Bekaert Annick Hubin Jongwoo Lim department of Chemistry Seoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea Research Group Electrochemical and surface Engineering(SURF) Department of Materials and ChemistryVrije Universiteit BrusselBrusselsBelgium

The electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide offers a sound and economically viable technology for the electrification and decarbonization of the chemical and fuel *** this technology,an electrocatalytic material and renewable energy-generated electricity drive the conversion of carbon dioxide into high-value chemicals and carbon-neutral *** the past few years,single-atom catalysts have been intensively studied as they could provide near-unity atom utilization and unique catalytic ***-atom catalysts have become one of the state-of-the-art catalyst materials for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide into carbon ***,it remains a challenge for single-atom catalysts to facilitate the efficient conversion of carbon dioxide into products beyond carbon *** this review,we summarize and present important findings and critical insights from studies on the electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction into hydrocarbons and oxygenates using single-atom *** is hoped that this review gives a thorough recapitulation and analysis of the science behind the catalysis of carbon dioxide into more reduced products through singleatom catalysts so that it can be a guide for future research and development on catalysts with industry-ready performance for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide into high-value chemicals and carbon-neutral fuels.

关键词： electrocatalysis electrochemical CO_(2)reduction hydrocarbons oxygenates single-atom catalysts

Women health and microbiota:Different aspects of well-being

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第10期30卷 1287-1290页

作者： Giulia Nannini Amedeo Amedei department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine University of FlorenceFlorence 50134Italy Network of Immunity in Infection Malignancy and Autoimmunity(NIIMA)Universal Scientific Education and Research Network(USERN)Florence 50134Italy

In this editorial,we comment on the article by Marano et al recently published in the World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023;29(45):*** focus on the role of gut microbiota(GM)in women’s health,highlighting the need to thoroughly comprehend the sex differences in ***,the host and GM support the host’s *** microbiota components consist of viruses,bacteria,fungi,and *** complex is an essential part of the host and is involved in neu-rological development,metabolic control,immune system dynamics,and host dynamic *** has been shown that differences in the GM of males and females can contribute to chronic diseases,such as gastrointestinal,metabolic,neurological,cardiovascular,and respiratory *** differences can also result in some sex-specific changes in *** day,research on GM reveals new and more expansive frontiers,offering a wealth of innovative oppor-tunities for preventive and precision medicine.

关键词： Gut microbiota Women Immune system Well-being Hormones Sexdifferences

Spatial distributions of soil nutrients affected by land use,topography and their interactions,in the Loess Plateau of China

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2024年第1期12卷 227-239页

作者： Wenxin Zhou Changjia Li Wenwu Zhao Lindsay C.Stringer Bojie Fu State Key Laboratory of Earth surface Processes and Resource Ecology Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina Institute of Land surface System and Sustainable Development Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina department of Environment and Geography University of YorkYorkUK York Environmental Sustainability Institute University of YorkYorkUK

Soil nutrient availability and their spatial distributions are strongly related to land use and landscape *** study aims to address the knowledge gap regarding the interaction between these factors and the underlying *** selected five land uses(grassland with Artemisia gmelinii,woodland with Robinia pseudoacacia,shrubland with Caragana korshinskii and Hippophae rhamnoides,and apple orchard with Malus pumila)and nine slope positions across hillslopes in the Loess Plateau,China,to investigate their combined effects on the contents and stocks of soil organic carbon(SOC),total nitrogen(TN)and total phosphorus(TP).Parametric and non-parametric statistical tests were conducted to determine the significant differences in the means or the medians of the soil nutrient *** showed that the SOC and TN contents of shrubland with Caragana korshinskii were statistically significantly greater than those of the grassland(p<0.05).SOC and TN contents generally decreased from the upper slope to the middle slope,and to the foot slope for the grassland,woodland and shrublands,and on the contrary,an increasing trend from the upper slope,to the middle slope,and to the foot slope was identified for the apple *** study highlights that land use,slope position and their interaction have significant effects on the spatial distributions of soil *** provides essential empirical evidence for the identification of the optimal vegetation type and slope positions in land management and vegetation restoration activities.

关键词： Soil organic carbon Total nitrogen Total phosphorus Slope position Vegetation restoration

Micelle-directed self-assembly of single-crystal-like mesoporous stoichiometric oxides for high-performance lithium storage

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National Science Review 2024年第4期11卷 195-205页

作者： Yanhua Wan Changyao Wang Xingmiao Zhang Yang Yin Mengmeng Liu Bing Ma Linlin Duan Yuzhu Ma Wei Zhang Changlin Zheng Dongliang Chao Fei Wang Yongyao Xia Wei Li department of Chemistry Laboratory of Advanced Materials Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers College of Chemistry and Materials ScienceFudan University State Key Laboratory of surface Physics and department of Physics Fudan University

Due to their uncontrollable assembly and crystallization process,the synthesis of mesoporous metal oxide single crystals remains a formidable ***,we report the synthesis of single-crystal-like mesoporous Li2TiSiO5by using soft micelles as *** key lies in the atomic-scale self-assembly and step-crystallization processes,which ensure the formation of single-crystal-like mesoporous Li2TiSiO5microparticles via an oriented attachment growth mechanism under the confinement of an in-situ formed carbon *** mesoporous Li2TiSiO5anode achieves a superior rate capability(148 mAh g-1at5.0 A g-1) and outstanding long-term cycling stability(138 mAh g-1after 3000 cycles at 2.0 A g-1) for lithium storage as a result of the ultrafast Li+diffusion caused by penetrating mesochannels and nanosized crystal frameworks（5-10 nm）.In comparison,bulk Li2TiSiO5exhibits poor rate capability and cycle performance due to micron-scale diffusion *** method is very simple and reproducible,heralding a new way of designing and synthesizing mesoporous single crystals with controllable frameworks and chemical functionalities.

关键词： mesoporous materials micelles single-crystal-like Li2TiSiO5 lithium-ion batteries

Machine learning assisted adsorption performance evaluation of biochar on heavy metal

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第5期18卷 29-42页

作者： Qiannan Duan Pengwei Yan Yichen Feng Qianru Wan Xiaoli Zhu Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity College of Urban and Environmental SciencesNorthwest UniversityXi’an710127China department of Environment Science Shaanxi Normal UniversityXi’an710062China

Heavy metals(HMs)represent pervasive and highly toxic environmental pollutants,known for their long latency periods and high toxicity levels,which pose significant challenges for their removal and ***,the removal of heavy metals from the environment is crucial to ensure the water *** materials,known for their intricate pore structures and abundant oxygen-containing functional groups,are frequently harnessed for their effectiveness in mitigating heavy metal ***,conventional tests for optimizing biochar synthesis and assessing their heavy metal adsorption capabilities can be both costly and *** address this challenge,this paper proposes a data-driven machine learning(ML)approach to identify the optimal biochar preparation and adsorption reaction conditions,with the ultimate goal of maximizing their adsorption *** utilizing a data set comprising 476 instances of heavy metal absorption by biochar,seven classical integrated models and one stacking model were trained to rapidly predict the efficiency of heavy metal adsorption by *** predictions were based on diverse physicochemical properties of biochar and the specific adsorption reaction *** results demonstrate that the stacking model,which integrates multiple algorithms,allows for training with fewer samples to achieve higher prediction accuracy and improved generalization ability.

关键词： Machine learning Biochar Heavy metal Adsorption efficiency

Recent progress in polymerization-induced self-assembly:From the perspective of driving forces

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Aggregate 2024年第1期5卷 47-66页

作者： Zizhuo Zhao Shujing Lei Min Zeng Meng Huo department of Chemistry Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang Sci-Tech UniversityHangzhouP.R.China department of Chemistry University of WarwickCoventryUK

Polymerization-induced self-assembly(PISA)enables the simultaneous growth and self-assembly of block copolymers in one pot and therefore has developed into a high-efficiency platform for the preparation of polymer assemblies with high concentration and excellent *** the past decade,the driving force of PISA has extended from hydrophobic interactions to other supramolecular interactions,which has greatly innovated the design of PISA,enlarged the monomer/solvent toolkit,and endowed the polymer assemblies with intrinsic dynamicity and *** unravel the important role of driving forces in the formation of polymeric assemblies,this review summarized the recent development of PISA from the perspective of driving *** by this goal,here we give a brief overview of the basic principles of PISA and systematically discuss the various driving forces in the PISA system,including hydrophobic interactions,hydrogen bonding,electrostatic interactions,andπ-π***,PISA systems that are driven and regulated by crystallization or liquid crystalline ordering were also highlighted.

关键词： driving forces electrostatic interactions hydrogen bonding hydrophobic interactions polymerizationinduced self-assembly

Life forms affect beta-diversity patterns of larch forests in China

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Plant Diversity 2024年第1期46卷 49-58页

作者： Wenjing Fang Qiong Cai Chengjun Ji Jiangling Zhu Zhiyao Tang Jingyun Fang School of Ecology and Environmental Science Yunnan UniversityKunming 650091China department of Ecology College of Urban and Environmental Sciencesand Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of EducationPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

Beta-diversity reflects the spatial changes in community species composition which helps to understand how communities are assembled and biodiversity is formed and maintained. Larch(Larix) forests, which are coniferous forests widely distributed in the mountainous and plateau areas in North and Southwest China, are critical for maintaining the environmental conditions and species diversity. Few studies of larch forests have examined the beta-diversity and its constituent components(species turnover and nestedness-resultant components). Here, we used 483 larch forest plots to determine the total betadiversity and its components in different life forms(i.e., tree, shrub, and herb) of larch forests in China and to evaluate the main drivers that underlie this beta-diversity. We found that total betadiversity of larch forests was mainly dependent on the species turnover component. In all life forms,total beta-diversity and the species turnover component increased with increasing geographic, elevational, current climatic, and paleoclimatic distances. In contrast, the nestedness-resultant component decreased across these same distances. Geographic and environmental factors explained 20%-25% of total beta-diversity, 18%-27% of species turnover component, and 4%-16% of nestedness-resultant component. Larch forest types significantly affected total beta-diversity and species turnover component. Taken together, our results indicate that life forms affect beta-diversity patterns of larch forests in China, and that beta-diversity is driven by both niche differentiation and dispersal limitation. Our findings help to greatly understand the mechanisms of community assemblies of larch forests in China.

关键词： Beta-diversity Species turnover Nestedness-resultant Geographic distance Climatic distance Larch forest

A graph neural network approach to the inverse design for thermal transparency with periodic interparticle system

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第8期33卷 295-303页

作者：刘斌王译浠 department of Electronic Information and Artificial Intelligence LeShan Normal UniversityLeShan 614099China department of Physics State Key Laboratory of Surface Physicsand Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures(MOE)Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438China

Recent years have witnessed significant advances in utilizing machine learning-based techniques for thermal metamaterial-based structures and devices to attain favorable thermal transport *** the various thermal transport behaviors,achieving thermal transparency stands out as particularly desirable and *** earlier work demonstrated the use of a thermal metamaterial-based periodic interparticle system as the underlying structure for manipulating thermal transport behavior and achieving thermal *** this paper,we introduce an approach based on graph neural network to address the complex inverse design problem of determining the design parameters for a thermal metamaterial-based periodic interparticle system with the desired thermal transport *** work demonstrates that combining graph neural network modeling and inference is an effective approach for solving inverse design problems associated with attaining desirable thermal transport behaviors using thermal metamaterials.

关键词： thermal metamaterial thermal transparency inverse design machine learning graph neural net-work

Spatial search weighting information contained in cell velocity distribution

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第2期33卷 522-528页

作者：马一凯李娜陈唯 State Key Laboratory of surface Physics and department of Physics Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438China China National Center for Bioinformation Beijing 100101China National Genomics Data Center Beijing Institute of GenomicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

Cell migration plays a significant role in physiological and pathological *** the characteristics of cell movement is crucial for comprehending biological processes such as cell functionality,cell migration,and cell–cell *** of the fundamental characteristics of cell movement is the specific distribution of cell speed,containing valuable information that still requires comprehensive *** article investigates the distribution of mean velocities along cell trajectories,with a focus on optimizing the efficiency of cell food search in the context of the entire *** confirm that the specific velocity distribution in the experiments corresponds to an optimal search efficiency when spatial weighting is *** simulation results indicate that the distribution of average velocity does not align with the optimal search efficiency when employing average spatial ***,when considering the distribution of central spatial weighting,the specific velocity distribution in the experiment is shown to correspond to the optimal search *** simulations reveal that for any given distribution of average velocity,a specific central spatial weighting can be identified among the possible central spatial weighting that aligns with the optimal search ***,our work presents a method for determining the spatial weights embedded in the velocity distribution of cell *** results have provided new avenues for further investigation of significant topics,such as relationship between cell behavior and environmental conditions throughout their evolutionary history,and how cells achieve collective cooperation through cell-cell communication.

关键词： cell migration foraging efficiency random walk spatial search weight