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Advances in genotypic antimicrobialresistance testing: a comprehensive review

Science China Life Sciences 2025年第1期68卷 130-143页

作者： Boheng Duan Xianjun Zeng Junping Peng Huan Kui College of Nanchang University department of Imaging The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University NHC Key laboratory of Systems biology of pathogens National Institute of Pathogen BiologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Key laboratory of Respiratory Disease pathogenomics Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Key laboratory of pathogen Infection Prevention and Control (Ministry of Education) State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and MultimorbidityNational Institute of Pathogen BiologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College

Antimicrobial resistance(AMR) represents a substantial threat to global public health, complicating the treatment of common infections and leading to prolonged illness and escalated healthcare expenses. To effectively combat AMR, timely and accurate detection is crucial for AMR surveillance and individual-based therapy. Phenotypic antibiotic resistance testing(AST) has long been considered the gold standard in clinical applications, serving as the foundation for clinical AMR diagnosis and optimized therapy. It has significantly contributed to ensuring patients′ health and the development of novel antimicrobials. Despite advancements in automated culture-based AST technologies,inherent limitations impede the widespread use of phenotypic AST in AMR surveillance. Genotypic AST technologies offer a promising alternative option, exhibiting advantages of rapidity, high sensitivity, and specificity. With the continuous advancement and expanding applications of genotypic AST technologies, such as microfluidics, mass spectrometry, and high-resolution melting curve analysis, new vigor has been injected into the development and clinical implementation of genotypic AST technologies. In this narrative review, we discuss the principles, applications, and advancements of emerging genotypic AST methods in clinical settings. The comprehensive review aims to highlight the significant scientific potential of emerging genotypic AST technologies in clinical AMR diagnosis, providing insights to enhance existing methods and explore novel approaches.

关键词： antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genotypic antibiotic resistance testing (AST) AST technologies review

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Genes and proteins expressed at different life cycle stages in the model protist Euplotes vannus revealed by both transcriptomic and proteomic approaches

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Science China Life Sciences 2025年第1期68卷 232-248页

作者： Yaohan Jiang Xiao Chen Chundi Wang Liping Lyu Saleh A.Al-Farraj Naomi A.Stover Feng Gao Key laboratory of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity (Ministry of Education) and Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity Ocean University of China Marine College Shandong University Zoology department College of ScienceKing Saud University department of biology Bradley University laboratory for Marine biology and Biotechnology Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center

Sexual reproduction first appeared in unicellular protists and has continued to be an essential biological process in almost all *** protists, which contain both germline and somatic genomes within a single cell, have evolved a special form of sexual reproduction called conjugation that involves mitosis, meiosis, fertilization, nuclear differentiation, genome rearrangement, and the development of unique cellular structures. The molecular basis and mechanisms of conjugation vary dramatically among ciliates, and many details of the process and its regulation are still largely unknown. In order to better comprehend these processes and mechanisms from an evolutionary perspective, this study provides the first comprehensive overview of the transcriptome and proteome profiles during the entire life cycle of the newly-established marine model ciliate Euplotes vannus. Transcriptome analyses from 14 life cycle stages(three vegetative stages and 11 sexual stages) revealed over 26,000 genes that are specifically expressed at different stages, many of which are related to DNA replication,transcription, translation, mitosis, meiosis, nuclear differentiation, and/or genome rearrangement. Quantitative proteomic analyses identified 338 proteins with homologs associated with conjugation and/or somatic nuclear development in other ciliates, including dicer-like proteins, Hsp90 proteins, RNA polymerase Ⅱ and transcription elongation factors, ribosomal-associated proteins, and ubiquitin-related proteins. Four of these homologs belong to the PIWI family, each with different expression patterns identified and confirmed by RT-qPCR,which may function in small RNA-mediated genome rearrangement. Proteins involved in the nonhomologous end-joining pathway are induced early during meiosis and accumulate in the developing new somatic nucleus, where more than 80% of the germline sequences are eliminated from the somatic genome. A number of new candidate genes and proteins likely t

关键词： sexual reproduction transcriptomic proteomic genome rearrangement PIWI NHEJ

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Approach from the laboratory to the field: New strategies in the control of mosquito-borne infectious diseases

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Science China Life Sciences 2025年第1期68卷 303-305页

作者： Ziqian Xu Lianpan Dai Jun Liu National Key laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID) National Institute for Viral Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention CAS Key laboratory of pathogen Microbiology and Immunology Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of Sciences

Vector-borne viruses, transmitted among humans and animal hosts through bites of vectors such as mosquitoes and ticks,pose a great and ongoing threat to public health and biosafety(Yang et al., 2022).Among them, dengue virus-induced epidemics, have dramatically increased worldwide in recent decades. The report released by the World Health Organization(WHO) at the end of 2023 showed that dengue epidemic globally surged in2023, with the number of reported cases nearing a historical peak.

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Prolonged intermittent theta burst stimulation restores the balance between A_(2A)R-and A_(1)R-mediated adenosine signaling in the 6-hydroxidopamine model of Parkinson's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 2053-2067页

作者： Milica Zeljkovic Jovanovic Jelena Stanojevic Ivana Stevanovic Milica Ninkovic Tihomir V.Ilic Nadezda Nedeljkovic Milorad Dragic laboratory for Neurobiology Department of General Physiology and BiophysicsFaculty of BiologyUniversity of BelgradeBelgradeSerbia Medical Faculty of Military Medical Academy University of DefenceBelgradeSerbia

An imbalance in adenosine-mediated signaling,particularly the increased A_(2A)R-mediated signaling,plays a role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's *** therapeutic approaches fail to alter disease progression,demonstrating the need for novel approaches in *** transcranial magnetic stimulation is a non-invasive approach that has been shown to improve motor and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's ***,the underlying mechanisms of the beneficial effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation remain *** purpose of this study is to investigate the extent to which the beneficial effects of prolonged intermittent theta burst stimulation in the 6-hydroxydopamine model of experimental parkinsonism are based on modulation of adenosine-mediated *** with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions underwent intermittent theta burst stimulation for 3 weeks and were tested for motor skills using the Rotarod ***,quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction,immunohistochemistry,and biochemical analysis of components of adenosine-mediated signaling were performed on the synaptosomal fraction of the lesioned caudate *** intermittent theta burst stimulation improved motor symptoms in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned animals.A 6-hydroxydopamine lesion resulted in progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the caudate *** with intermittent theta burst stimulation began 7 days after the lesion,coinciding with the onset of motor *** treatment with prolonged intermittent theta burst stimulation,complete motor recovery was *** improvement was accompanied by downregulation of the e N/CD73-A_(2A)R pathway and a return to physiological levels of A_(1)R-adenosine deaminase 1 after 3 weeks of intermittent theta burst *** results demonstrated that 6-hydroxydopamine-induced degeneration reduced the expression of A_(1)R and elevated the expression of A_(2A)***

关键词： A_(1)R A_(2A)R adenosine receptors adenosine ecto-5′-nucleotidase intermittent theta burst stimulation non-invasive brain stimulation Parkinson's disease purinergic signalling

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Ultrastrong MXene films for bone regeneration

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Science China Materials 2025年

作者： Jinghong Li department of Chemistry Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) Tsinghua University

Guided bone regeneration (GBR),as an important clinical treatment of bone defects,has long been a great challenge in modern *** addition to biological scaffolds,growth factors,and stem cells,barrier membranes for GBR application also play a key role in preventing the invasion of cells from the surrounding epithelium and connective tissue[1–3],to favor osteoprogenitor cells to proliferate and form new bone tissue in the site of *** commercial GBR membranes,such as polytetrafluoroethylene,titanium,collagen,and polyesters,exhibit low osteogenesis performance because of the lack of suitable antioxidant ability.

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Therapeutic targeting of cellular prion protein: toward the development of dual mechanism anti-prion compounds

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1009-1014页

作者： Antonio Masone Chiara Zucchelli Enrico Caruso Giovanna Musco Roberto Chiesa laboratory of Prion Neurobiology Department of NeuroscienceIstituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCSMilanItaly Biomolecular NMR Unit Division of Genetics and Cell BiologyIRCCS Ospedale San RaffaeleMilanItaly department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences University of InsubriaVareseItaly

PrPSc,a misfolded,aggregation-prone isoform of the cellular prion protein(PrPC),is the infectious prion agent responsible for fatal neurodegenerative diseases of humans and other *** adopt different pathogenic conformations(prion strains),which can be resistant to potential drugs,or acquire drug resistance,posing challenges for the development of effective *** PrPCis the obligate precursor of any prion strain and serves as the mediator of prion neurotoxicity,it represents an attractive therapeutic target fo r prion *** this minireview,we briefly outline the approaches to target PrPCand discuss our recent identification of Zn(Ⅱ)-Bn PyP,a PrPC-targeting porphyrin with an unprecedented bimodal mechanism of *** argue that in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanism by which Zn(Ⅱ)-Bn PyP targets PrPCmay lead toward the development of a new class of dual mechanism anti-prion compounds.

关键词： anti-prion drug anti-PrPC antibody antisense oligonucleotide neurodegeneration pharmacological chaperone porphyrin prion disease PrPC degrader PrPC shedding zinc finger repressor

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CO2-mediated bicarbonate conversion to concentrated formate in a CEM-based electrolyzer

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 605-611页

作者： Haocheng Xiong Donghuan Wu Haonan Li Andrew Li Qikun Hu Siyao Song Bingjun Xu Qi Lu State Key laboratory of Chemical Engineering Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua University College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Ordos laboratory

Renewable energy-driven bicarbonate conversion to valuable chemicals presents an attractive strategy for mitigating CO2emissions,as bicarbonate can be efficiently generated from the capture of atmospheric CO2using alkaline solutions with reactive *** this work,we present a CO2-mediated bicarbonate conversion to pure formate using a cation exchange membrane-based electrolyzer with a 25 cm2electrode *** electrolysis achieved selectivities exceeding 75%for formate at a total current of 2.5 A,achieving formate concentrations up to 1.2 M and yields as high as 95%over extended *** techno-economic assessment confirmed the economic viability of the process,highlighting the potential for bicarbonate electrolysis as a sustainable method for producing valuable chemicals.

关键词： Electrocatalysis Techno-economic assessments Electrochemistry Flow electrolyzer

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Deciphering fungal metabolon coupling tandem inverse-electrondemand Diels-Alder reaction and semipinacol rearrangement for the biosynthesis of spiro polycyclic alkaloids

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Science China Chemistry 2025年第1期68卷 288-296页

作者： Shuai Liu Wen-Qiang Xu Ying-Tong Di Man-Cheng Tang Ding-Kang Chen Ming-Ming Cao Yao-Wen Chang Hong-Yu Tang Chun-Mao Yuan Jun-Bo Yang Zhi-Li Zuo Han Guo Zi-Fei Xu Ying Zeng Yun-Dong Wu Xiao-Jiang Hao Key laboratory of Phytochemistry and Natural Medicines (Chinese Academy of Sciences) Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Lab of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen Bay laboratory State Key laboratory of Microbial Metabolism School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology Shanghai Jiao Tong University State Key laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants Guizhou Medical University Molecular biology Experimental Center Germplasm Bank of Wild Species in Southwest China Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Yunnan Key laboratory for Wild Plant Resources Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Research Unit of Chemical biology of Natural Anti-Virus Products Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences

In the intricate process of natural product biosynthesis, a metabolon can enhance metabolic flux by associating sequential enzymes. A fungal metabolon, comprising of flavin-dependent monooxygenase Spe F and P450 monooxygenase Spe G, is identified in the biosynthesis of spiro polycyclic alkaloids(+)-notoamide B and its diastereomer(+)-versicolamide B. Using notoamide E as a substance, Spe F/Spe G metabolon can control the stereoselectivity of its 2,3-epoxidation, followed by hydrogen atom ion at C-17 to generate reactive epoxide tau-m A with dienyl iminium unit. Subsequently,(+)-notoamide B and(+)-versicolamide B are produced via tandem nonenzymatic inverse-electron-demand Diels-Alder reaction and semipinacol rearrangement. This provides the first example of metabolon in the biosynthesis of spiro-prenylated indole alkaloids.

关键词： metabolon Diels-Alder reaction semipinacol rearrangement biosynthesis notoamides spiro polycyclic alkaloids

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Research advancements in nanoparticles and cell-based drug delivery systems for the targeted killing of cancer cells

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Oncology Research 2025年第1期33卷 27-44页

作者： MERYEM A.ABDESSALEM SIRIN A.ADHAM department of biology College of ScienceSultan Qaboos UniversityMuscat123Oman

Nanotechnology in cancer therapy has significantly advanced treatment precision,effectiveness,and safety,improving patient outcomes and personalized *** smart nanoparticles and cell-based therapies are designed to target tumor cells,precisely sensing the tumor microenvironment(TME)and sparing normal *** nanoparticles enhance drug accumulation in tumors by solubilizing insoluble compounds or preventing their degradation,and they can also overcome therapy resistance and deliver multiple drugs *** these benefits,challenges remain in patient-specific responses and regulatory approvals for cell-based or nanoparticle ***-based drug delivery systems(DDSs)that primarily utilize the immune-recognition principle between ligands and receptors have shown promise in selectively targeting and destroying cancer *** review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of various nanoparticle and cell-based drug delivery system types used in cancer *** covers approved and experimental nanoparticle therapies,including liposomes,micelles,protein-based and polymeric nanoparticles,as well as cell-based DDSs like macrophages,T-lymphocytes,dendritic cells,viruses,bacterial ghosts,minicells,SimCells,and outer membrane vesicles(OMVs).The review also explains the role of TME and its impact on developing smart DDSs in combination therapies and integrating nanoparticles with cell-based systems for targeting cancer *** detailing DDSs at different stages of development,from laboratory research to clinical trials and approved treatments,this review provides the latest insights and a collection of valuable citations of the innovative strategies that can be improved for the precise treatment of cancer.

关键词： Drug delivery Cancer Nanoparticles Liposomes Micelles Combination therapies Targeted therapy Precision medicine Tumor microenvironment(TME)

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Neuronal regulated cell death in aging-related neurodegenerative diseases:key pathways and therapeutic potentials

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2245-2263页

作者： Run Song Shiyi Yin Jiannan Wu Junqiang Yan department of Neurology The First Affiliated HospitalCollege of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyangHenan ProvinceChina Neuromolecular biology laboratory The First Affiliated HospitalCollege of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyangHenan ProvinceChina

Regulated cell death(such as apoptosis,necroptosis,pyroptosis,autophagy,cuproptosis,ferroptosis,disulfidptosis)involves complex signaling pathways and molecular effectors,and has been proven to be an important regulatory mechanism for regulating neuronal aging and ***,excessive activation of regulated cell death may lead to the progression of aging-related *** review summarizes recent advances in the understanding of seven forms of regulated cell death in age-related ***,the newly identified ferroptosis and cuproptosis have been implicated in the risk of cognitive impairment and neurodegenerative *** forms of cell death exacerbate disease progression by promoting inflammation,oxidative stress,and pathological protein *** review also provides an overview of key signaling pathways and crosstalk mechanisms among these regulated cell death forms,with a focus on ferroptosis,cuproptosis,and *** instance,FDX1 directly induces cuproptosis by regulating copper ion valency and dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase aggregation,while copper mediates glutathione peroxidase 4 degradation,enhancing ferroptosis ***,inhibiting the Xc-transport system to prevent ferroptosis can increase disulfide formation and shift the NADP^(+)/NADPH ratio,transitioning ferroptosis to *** insights help to uncover the potential connections among these novel regulated cell death forms and differentiate them from traditional regulated cell death *** conclusion,identifying key targets and their crosstalk points among various regulated cell death pathways may aid in developing specific biomarkers to reverse the aging clock and treat age-related neurodegenerative conditions.

关键词： apoptosis autophagy cuproptosis disulfidptosis ferroptosis necroptosis neurodegenerative disease neurological aging diseases PANoptosis pyroptosis

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