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Does Carica papaya leaf-extract increase the platelet count? An experimental study in a murine model

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2013年第9期3卷 720-724页

作者： Sinhalagoda Lekamlage chandi Asoka Dharmarathna Susiji Wickramasinghe Roshitha Nilmini Waduge Rajapakse Peramune Veddikkarage Jayanthe Rajapakse Senanayake Abeysinghe Mudiyanselage Kularatne department of pathobiology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal ScienceUniversity of Peradeniya department of Parasitology Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Peradeniya department of Pathology Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Peradeniya department of medicine Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Peradeniya

Objective:To investigate the potential role of fresh Carica papaya(***)leaf extract on haematological and biochemical parameters and toxicological changes in a murine ***:In total 36 mice were used for the *** *** leaf extract[0.2 mL(2 g)/mouse]was given only to the test group(18 mice).General behavior,clinical signs and feeding patterns were *** and tissue samples were collected at *** parameters including platelet,red blood cell(RBC),white blood cellbiochemistry including serum creatinine,serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase(SCOT)and serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase(SGPT)were *** for possible histopathological changes were ***:Neither group exhibited alteration of behavior or reduction in food and water ***,no significant changes in SCOT,SGPT and serum creatinine levels were delected in the test *** organ changes were not observed in either group of mice except in three liver samples of the test group which had a mild focal *** platelet count(11.33±0.35)×10~5VμL(P=0.00004)and the RBC count(7.97±0.61)×10~/μL(P=0.00003)were significandy increased in the test group compared to that of the ***,WBC count and PCV(%)values were not changed significantly in the test *** platelet count in the test group started to increase significantly from Day 3(3.4±0.18×10~5/μL),reaching almost a fourfold higher at Day 21(11.3×10~5/μL),while it was 3.8X10^5/μL and 5.5×10~5/μL at Day 3 and Day 21 respectively in the ***,the RBC count in the test group increased from 6×10~6/μL to 9×10~6/μL at Day 21 while it remained near constant in the control group(6×10~6μL).Conclusions:Fresh *** leaf extract significandy increased the platelet and RBC counts in the test group as compared to ***,it is very important to identify those chemicals of *** leaves as it can be recomme

关键词： Carica papaya Alternative medicine Erythropoiesis Thrombopoiesis Toxicity

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Characterization of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and identification of a novel haplotype 487G>A/IVS5-612(G>C) in the Achang population of southwestern China

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2007年第4期50卷 479-485页

作者： YANG YinFeng, ZHU YueChun, LI DanYi, LI ZhiGang, Lü HuiRu, WU Jing, TANG Jing & TONG ShuFen department of biochemistry, Faculty of Basic medicine, Kunming University of Medical Sciences, Kunming 650031, China These authors contributed equally to this work department of biochemistry Faculty of Basic Medicine Kunming University of Medical Sciences Kunming China

The prevalence of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency and its gene mutations were studied in the Achang population from Lianghe County in Southwestern China. We found that 7.31% (19 of 260) males and 4.35% (10 of 230) females had G6PD deficiency. The molecular analysis of G6PD gene exons 2―13 was performed by a PCR-DHPLC-Sequencing or PCR-Sequencing. Sixteen inde-pendent subjects with G6PD Mahidol (487G>A) and the new polymorphism IVS5-612 (G>C), which combined into a novel haplotype, were identified accounting for 84.2% (16/19). And 100% Achang G6PD Mahidol were linked to the IVS5-612 C. The percentage of G6PD Mahidol in the Achang group is close to that in the Myanmar population (91.3% 73/80), which implies that there are some gene flows between Achang and Myanmar populations. Interestingly, G6PD Canton (1376G>T) and G6PD Kaiping (1388G>A), which were the most common G6PD variants from other ethnic groups in China, were not found in this Achang group, suggesting that there are different G6PD mutation profiles in the Achang group and other ethnic groups in China. Our findings appear to be the first documented report on the G6PD genetics of the AChang people, which will provide important clues to the Achang ethnic group origin and will help prevention and treatment of malaria in this area.

关键词： glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency Achang population G6PD Mahidol gene mutation Myanmar population

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Curbing the burden of lung cancer

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Frontiers of medicine 2016年第2期10卷 228-232页

作者： Alexandra Urman H. Dean Hosgood department of Oncology Montefiore Medical Center Bronx NY 10461 USA department of Epidemiology and population Health AlbertEinstein College of Medicine Bronx NY 10461 USA

Lung cancer contributes substantially to the global burden of disease and healthcare costs. New screening modalities using low-dose computerized tomography are promising tools for early detection leading to curative surgery. However, the screening and follow-up diagnostic procedures of these techniques may be costly. Focusing on prevention is an important factor to reduce the burden of screening, treatment, and lung cancer deaths. The International Agency for Research on Cancer has identified several lung carcinogens, which we believe can be considered actionable when developing prevention strategies. To curb the societal burden of lung cancer, healthcare resources need to be focused on early detection and screening and on mitigating exposure（s） of a person to known lung carcinogens, such as active tobacco smoking, household air pollution （HAP）, and outdoor air pollution. Evidence has also suggested that these known lung carcinogens may be associated with genetic predispositions, supporting the hypothesis that lung cancers attributed to differing exposures may have developed from unique underlying genetic mechanisms attributed to the exposure of interest. For instance, smoking- attributed lung cancer involves novel genetic markers of risk compared with HAP-attributed lung cancer. Therefore, genetic risk markers may be used in risk stratification to identify subpopulations that are at a higher risk for developing lung cancer attributed to a given exposure. Such targeted prevention strategies suggest that precision prevention strategies may be possible in the future; however, much work is needed to determine whether these strategies will be viable.

关键词： lung cancer screening risk factors environmental

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Hepatic and gastrointestinal disturbances in Egyptian patients infected with coronavirus disease 2019: A multicentre cohort study

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第40期27卷 6951-6966页

作者： Hend Ibrahim Shousha Shimaa Afify Rabab Maher Noha Asem Eman Fouad Ehab F Mostafa Mohammed A Medhat Amr Abdalazeem Hazem Elmorsy Miriam M Aziz Rateba S Mohammed Mohamed Ibrahem Hassan Elgarem Dalia Omran Mohamed Hassany Bassem Elsayed Ahmed Y Abdelaziz Mohamed El Kassas Endemic medicine Faculty of MedicineCairo UniversityCairo 11562Egypt Gastroenterology department National Hepatology&Tropical Medicine Research InstituteCairo 11563Egypt Hepatology department Students HospitalCairo UniversityGiza 12566Egypt The Public Health department Faculty of MedicineCairo UniversityCairo 11562Egypt Egyptian Ministry of Health and PopulationCairo 11567Egypt department of Tropical medicine and Gastroenterology Faculty of MedicineAssiut UniversityAssiut 15655Egypt Endemic medicine department Faculty of MedicineHelwan UniversityCairo 13544Egypt Internal medicine 15 Mayo Smart HospitalMinistry of Health and PopulationCairo 13488Egypt Pediatrics department Faculty of MedicineCairo UniversityCairo 11562Egypt Occupational and Environmental medicine department Faculty of MedicineCairo UniversityCairo 11562Egypt Clinical biochemistry department Faculty of medicineCairo UniversityCairo 11562Egypt Endemic medicine department Faculty of MedicineCairo UniversityCairo 11562Egypt Urology department Cairo UniversityCairo 11562Egypt

BACKGROUND Various liver and gastrointestinal involvements occur in patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)at variable *** studies report mild liver function disturbances correlated with COVID-19 severity,though liver failure is *** To study liver and gastrointestinal dysfunctions in Egyptian patients with COVID-19 and their relation to disease outcomes METHODS This multicentre cohort study was conducted on 547 Egyptian patients from April 15,2020 to July 29,*** polymerase chain reaction-confirmed COVID-19 cases were included from four quarantine hospitals affiliated to the Egyptian ministry of *** information,laboratory characteristics,treatments,fibrosis-4(FIB-4)index,COVID-19 severity,and outcomes were recorded and compared according to the degree of liver enzyme elevation and the presence of gastrointestinal ***-ups were conducted until discharge or *** analyses were performed to determine the independent factors affecting *** This study included 547 patients,of whom 53(9.68%)died during hospitalization and 1 was discharged upon his ***’mean age was 45.04±17.61 years,and 21.98%had severe or critical *** aminotransferase(ALT)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)were available for 430 and 428 patients,*** total,26%and 32%of patients had elevated ALT and AST,*** liver injury with ALT or AST elevation exceeding 3-fold was recorded in 21(4.91%)and 16(3.73%)patients,*** gender,smoking,hypertension,chronic hepatitis C,and lung involvement were associated with elevated AST or *** was elevated in 50%of patients over ***-4 was significantly higher in patients admitted to the intensive care unit(ICU),those with more severe COVID-19,and *** independent variables affecting outcome were supplementary vitamin C intake(1 g daily capsules)[odds ratio(OR):0.05,95%confidence interval(CI

关键词： COVID-19 Egypt Liver injury Gastrointestinal symptoms Fibrosis-4 Liver enzymes

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Roles of host proteases in the entry of SARS-CoV-2

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Animal Diseases 2024年第1期4卷 27-39页

作者： Alexandria Zabiegalal Yunjeong Kim Kyeong-Ok Chang department of Diagnostic medicine and pathobiology College of Veterinary MedicineKansas State University1800 Denison Avenue ManhattanKS 66506USA

The spike protein(S)of SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for viral attachment and entry,thus a major factor for host suscep-tibility,tissue tropism,virulence and *** S is divided with S1 and S2 region,and the S1 contains the receptor-binding domain(RBD),while the S2 contains the hydrophobic fusion domain for the entry into the host *** host proteases have been implicated in the activation of SARS-CoV-2 S through various c leavage *** this article,we review host proteases including furin,trypsin,transmembrane protease serine 2(TMPRSS2)and cathepsins in the activation of SARS-CoV-2 *** betacoronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2 have polybasic residues at the S1/S2 site which is subjected to the cleavage by *** S1/S2 cleavage facilitates more assessable RBD to the receptor ACE2,and the binding triggers further conformational changes and exposure of the S2'site to proteases such as type Il transmembrane serine proteases(TTPRs)including *** the presence of TMPRSS2 on the target cells,SARS-CoV-2 can utilize a direct entry route by fusion of the viral envelope to the cellular *** the absence of TMPRSS2,SARS-CoV-2 enter target cells via endosomes where multiple cathepsins cleave the S for the successful *** host proteases involved in the cleavage of the S were *** article also includes roles of 3C-like protease inhibitors which have inhibitory activity against cathepsin L in the entry of SARS-CoV-2,and discussed the dual roles of such inhibitors in virus replication.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein(S) Host proteases Cleavage site Virus entry

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Urban-Rural Disparity in Mortality Patterns of Respiratory Diseases Among Older Adults—China,1987-2021

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China CDC weekly 2023年第50期5卷 1125-1130页

作者： Panliang Zhong Yihao Zhao Yi Cao Chen Chen Junqing Xie Chun Chang School of population medicine and Public Health Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina department of Chronic Diseases School of Population Medicine and Public HealthChinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina Center for Statistics in medicine NDORMSUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK department of Respiratory and Critical Care medicine Peking University Third HospitalBeijingChina

What is already known about this topic?Respiratory diseases(RDs)are the primary cause of death in older adults in ***,there is limited evidence regarding the disparity in mortality rates of RDs between urban and rural areas among the elderly *** is added by this report?The age-standardized mortality rate(ASMR)due to RDs in the elderly population in both urban and rural areas of China has shown a consistent *** trend is observed in both males and ***,there was no significant change in the average annual percentage of ASMR for pneumonia among the urban elderly population and rural elderly men throughout the study *** are the implications for public health practice?Efforts should be made in China to reduce mortality from chronic lower respiratory disease and pneumonia among the elderly,particularly in urban populations.

关键词： mortality diseases death

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Influence of birth order, birth weight, colostrum and serum immunoglobulin G on neonatal piglet survival

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2013年第2期4卷 128-136页

作者： Rafael A Cabrera Xi Lin Joy M Campbell Adam J Moeser Jack Odle Laboratory of Developmental Nutrition Department of Animal Science North Carolina State University Huvepharma USA Inc. 525 West Park Drive Suite 230 Peachtree City American Protein Corporation department of population Health and pathobiology College of Veterinary Medicine North Carolina State University 101 Polk Hall North Carolina State University

Background： Intake of colostrum after birth is essential to stimulate intestinal growth and function, and to provide systemic immunological protection via absorption of Immunoglobulin G （IgG）. The birth order and weight of 745 piglets （from 75 litters） were recorded during a one-week period of farrowing. Only pigs weighing greater than 0.68 kg birth weight were chosen for the trial. Sow colostrum was collected during parturition, and piglets were bled between 48 and 72 hours post-birth. Piglet serum IgG and colostral IgG concentrations were determined by radial immunodiffusion. Results： Sow parity had a significant （P 〈 0.001） effect on sow colostral IgG concentration, being 5% higher in multiparous females. Sow colostral IgG concentration explained 6% and piglet birth order accounted for another 4% of the variation observed in piglet serum IgG concentration （P 〈 0.05）; however, birth weight had no detectable effect. Piglet serum IgG concentration had both a linear （P 〈 0.05） and quadratic effect （P 〈 0.05） on % survival. Piglets with 1,000 mg/dl serum IgG or less （n=24） had a 67% survival; whereas, piglets with IgG concentrations between 2250 to 2500 mg/dl （n=247） had a 91% survival. Birth order had no detectable effect on survival, but birth weight had a positive linear effect （P 〈 0.05）. Piglets weighing 0.9 kg （n = 107） at birth had a 68% survival rate, and those weighing 1.6 kg （n = 158） had an 89% survival. Conclusion： We found that the combination of sow colostrum IgG concentration and birth order can account for 10% of the variation of piglet serum IgG concentration and that piglets with less than 1,000 mg/dl IgG serum concentration and weight of 0.9 kg at birth had low survival rate when compared to their larger siblings. The effective management of colostrum uptake in neonatal piglets in the first 24 hrs post-birth may potentially improve survival from birth to weaning.

关键词： Birth order Birth weight Immunoglobulin G Colostrum Survivability

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SCFD1 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis:reconciling a genetic association with in vivo functional analysis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第6期19卷 1201-1202页

作者： Ruben J.Cauchi Centre for Molecular medicine and Biobanking Biomedical Sciences BuildingDepartment of Physiology and BiochemistryFaculty of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of MaltaMsidaMalta

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive loss of upper and lower motor neurons,resulting in muscle weakness and spasticity,eventually leading to death due to respiratory *** by our group of a casecontrol cohort from an isolated island population have found that genetics plays a significant role in disease etiology(Farrugia Wismayer et al.,2023).

关键词： sclerosis respiratory

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The prevalence of Linguatula serrata nymphs in camels slaughtered in Mashhad slaughterhouse,Northeast,Iran

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2012年第11期2卷 885-888页

作者： Saeid R.Nourollahi Fard Nima Ghalekhani Reza Kheirandish Saeid Fathi Ehsan Norouzi Asl department of pathobiology School of veterinary medicineShahid Bahonar University of Kerman School of veterinary medicine Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman

Objective:To evaluate the prevalence of nymphal stages of L serrata in mesenteric lymph nodes of camels slaughtered in Mashhad slaughterhouse,Northeast of ***:For this purpose, mesenteric lymph nodes of 400 camels of different sex and age were *** lymph nodes were examined macroscopically and a digestion method was also applied for investigation of samples which was negative ***:The mesenteric lymph nodes of 73 camels out of 400(18.25%) were infected by L serrata ***:Prevalence of L. serrata nymphs in males and females and different age was not significantly different(P>0.05), but difference was observed between the prevalence in different seasons(P< 0.05).The potential importance of these findings to human health is *** is the first report of infection with L serrate of camels in camels slaughtered at northeast of Iran.

关键词： Linguatula serrata Camel Iran

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Neuroprotection of Insulin against Oxidative Stress-induced Apoptosis in Cultured Retinal Neurons:Involvement of Phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt Signal Pathway

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Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica 2006年第4期38卷 241-248页

作者： Xiao-Rui YU~(1,2*) Guo-Rong JIA~1 Guang-Dao GAO~3 Shu-Hong WANG~1 Yan HAN~1 Wei CAO~4 1 department of biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2 Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, 3 department of pathobiology,School of medicine,Xi'an Jiaotong University,Xi'an 710061,China 4 department of Ophthalmology,University of Oklahoma Health Science Center,Dean A,McGee Eye Institute,Oklahoma City,Oklahoma 73104,USA department of biochemistry and Molecular Biology Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710061 China Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710061 China department of pathobiology School of Medicine Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710061 China department of Ophthalmology University of Oklahoma Health Science Center Dean A. McGee Eye InstituteOklahoma City Oklahoma 73104 USA

In order to investigate the neuroprotection of insulin in retinal neurons,we used retinal neuronalculture as a model system to study the protective effects of insulin against H2O2-induced cytotoxicity andapoptotic *** retinal neuronal cultures were grown from retinas of 0-2-day old *** viability was measured by 3-（4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide *** cell death was evaluated by the TdT-mediated digoxigenin-dUTP nick-end labeling assay,and byDNA laddering *** 3-kinase （PI3K） activity was measured using phosphoinositide4,5-bisphophate and [γ-32P]ATP as *** blot analysis with anti-phospho-Akt （pS473） antibodywas performed to examine the level of phosphorylated *** observed that treatment with 100μM H2O2for 24 h significantly decreased cell viability and induced apoptotic death of retinal neurons,and that pretreatmentwith 10 nM insulin significantly inhibited or attenuated H2O2-induced cytotoxicity and *** LY294002,a specific PI3K inhibitor,abolished the cytoprotective effect of *** also stronglyactivated both PI3K and the downstream effector *** results suggest that insulin protects retinalneurons from oxidative stress-induced apoptosis and that the PI3K/Akt signal pathway is involved in insulin-mediated retinal neuroprotection.

关键词： apoptosis insulin phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt oxidative stress neuroprotection retinal neuronal culture

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