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Impaired implicit emotion regulation in patients with panic disorder:An event-related potential study on affect labeling

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World Journal of psychiatry 2024年第2期14卷 234-244页

作者： Hai-Yang Wang Li-Zhu Li Yi Chang Xiao-Mei Pang Bing-Wei Zhang department of neurology Jining No.1 People's HospitalShandong First Medical UniversityJining 272000Shandong ProvinceChina department of neurology and psychiatry First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalian 116011Liaoning ProvinceChina department of neurology Sixth Peoples'Hospital of ShenyangShenyang 110003Liaoning ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Panic disorder(PD)involves emotion dysregulation,but its underlying mechanisms remain poorly *** research suggests that implicit emotion regulation may play a central role in PD-related emotion dysregulation and symptom ***,there is a lack of studies exploring the neural mechanisms of implicit emotion regulation in PD using neurophysiological *** To study the neural mechanisms of implicit emotion regulation in PD with eventrelated potentials(ERP).METHODS A total of 25 PD patients and 20 healthy controls(HC)underwent clinical *** study utilized a case-control design with random sampling,selecting participants for the case group from March to December *** performed an affect labeling task,using affect labeling as the experimental condition and gender labeling as the control *** and behavioral data were recorded to compare the late positive potential(LPP)within and between the *** Both PD and HC groups showed longer reaction times and decreased accuracy under the affect *** the HC group,late LPP amplitudes exhibited a dynamic pattern of initial increase followed by ***,a significant group×condition interaction effect was *** effect analysis revealed a reduction in the differences of late LPP amplitudes between the affect labeling and gender labeling conditions in the PD group compared to the HC ***,among PD patients under the affect labeling,the late LPP was negatively correlated with disease severity,symptom frequency,and *** PD patients demonstrate abnormalities in implicit emotion regulation,hampering their ability to mobilize cognitive resources for downregulating negative *** late LPP amplitude in response to affect labeling may serve as a potentially valuable clinical indicator of PD severity.

关键词： Panic disorder Implicit Emotion regulation Affect labeling Late positive potential

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Molecular biomarkers for vascular cognitive impairment and dementia:the current status and directions for the future

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第12期19卷 2579-2580页

作者： Satoshi Hosoki Perminder SSachdev Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental HealthSchool of Clinical MedicineFaculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of New South WalesSydneyAustralia department of neurology National Cerebral and Cardiovascular CenterOsakaJapan

Dementia is a syndrome with various underlying pathologies acting independently or in concert to cause cognitive *** development of disease-specific treatments and targeted prevention strategies requires precise clinical sub-typing via etiology and pathophysiological ***,recent research advances in biomarkers,especially for Alzheimer's disease(AD)diagnosis,have improved diagnostic precision for dementia.

关键词： prevention diagnosis impairment

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Need for education of psychiatric evaluation of offenders with mental disorders:A questionnaire survey for Japanese designated psychiatrists

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World Journal of psychiatry 2024年第5期14卷 726-734页

作者： Akihiro Shiina Tomihisa Niitsu Masaomi Iyo Chiyo Fujii Division of Medical Treatment and Rehabilitation Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental HealthChiba-shi 2608670Japan department of psychiatry Chiba University Graduate School of MedicineChiba-shi 2608670Japan department of Community Mental Health&Law National Center of Neurology and PsychiatryKodaira-shi 1878553Japan

BACKGROUND The management of offenders with mental disorders has been a significant concern in forensic *** Japan,the introduction of the Medical Treatment and Supervision Act in 2005 addressed the ***,numerous psychiatric patients at risk of violence still find themselves subject to the administrative involuntary hospitalization(AIH)scheme,which lacks clarity and updated *** To explore current as well as optimized learning strategies for risk assessment in AIH decision *** We conducted a questionnaire survey among designated psychiatrists to explore their experiences and expectations regarding training methods for psychiatric assessments of offenders with mental *** The findings of this study’s survey suggest a prevalent reliance on traditional learning approaches such as oral education and on-the-job *** This underscores the pressing need for structured training protocols in AIH ***,feedback derived from inpatient treatment experiences is identified as a crucial element for enhancing risk assessment skills.

关键词： Forensic psychiatry Administrative involuntary hospitalization Psychiatric assessment Risk assessment Mental disorders Training protocols Clinical practice Structured learning Feedback mechanisms Program development

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Multiple factors to assist human-derived induced pluripotent stem cells to efficiently differentiate into midbrain dopaminergic neurons

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第4期19卷 908-914页

作者： Yalan Chen Junxin Kuang Yimei Niu Hongyao Zhu Xiaoxia Chen Kwok-Fai So Anding Xu Lingling Shi Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Institute of CNS Regeneration Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint LaboratoryJinan University department of neurology and Stroke Center The First Affiliated HospitalJinan University department of psychiatry The First Affiliated HospitalJinan University Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration Nantong University

Midbrain dopaminergic neurons play an important role in the etiology of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative *** also represent a potential source of transplanted cells for therapeutic *** vitro differentiation of functional midbrain dopaminergic neurons provides an accessible platform to study midbrain neuronal dysfunction and can be used to examine obstacles to dopaminergic neuronal *** evidence and impressive advances in human induced pluripotent stem cells,with tuned neural induction and differentiation protocols,makes the production of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived dopaminergic neurons *** SB431542 and dorsomorphin dual inhibitor in an induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural induction protocol,we obtained multiple subtypes of neurons,including 20%tyrosine hydroxylase-positive dopaminergic *** obtain more dopaminergic neurons,we next added sonic hedgehog(SHH)and fibroblast growth factor 8(FGF8)on day 8 of *** increased the proportion of dopaminergic neurons,up to 75%tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons,with 15%tyrosine hydroxylase and forkhead box protein A2(FOXA2)co-expressing *** further optimized the induction protocol by applying the small molecule inhibitor,CHIR99021(CHIR).This helped facilitate the generation of midbrain dopaminergic neurons,and we obtained 31-74%midbrain dopaminergic neurons based on tyrosine hydroxylase and FOXA2 ***,we have established three induction protocols for dopaminergic *** on tyrosine hydroxylase and FOXA2 immunostaining analysis,the CHIR,SHH,and FGF8 combined protocol produces a much higher proportion of midbrain dopaminergic neurons,which could be an ideal resource for tackling midbrain-related diseases.

关键词： dopaminergic neurons FGF signal induced pluripotent stem cells midbrain neural differentiation SHH signal SMAD signal WNT signal

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Acute symptomatic seizures in newborns:a narrative review

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Acta Epileptologica 2024年第1期7卷 1-13页

作者： Carlotta Spagnoli Francesco Pisani Child neurology Unit Pediatric DepartmentAzienda USL-IRCCS Di Reggio EmiliaReggio Emilia42123Italy Child neurology and psychiatry Unit Department of Human NeurosciencesSapienza University of RomeRome00185Italy Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I Rome00185Italy

Acute symptomatic seizures are the main sign of neurological dysfunction in *** is linked to the unique characteristics of the neonatal brain,making it hyperexcitable compared to older ages,and to the common occurrence of some forms of acquired brain injury,namely hypoxic-ischemic *** this narrative review we will provide an overview of neonatal seizures definition,their main underlying etiologies,diagnostic work-up and differential diagnoses,and will discuss about therapeutic options and prognostic *** latest publications from the ILAE Task Force on Neonatal Seizures will be presented and *** note,they highlight the current lack of robust evidence in this field of clinical *** will also report on specificities pertaining to low-and-middle income countries in terms of incidence,main etiologies and *** possibilities offered by telemedicine and automated seizures detection will also be summarized in order to provide a framework for future directions in seizures diagnosis and management with a global *** challenges and opportunities for improving identification,monitoring and treatment of acute symptomatic seizures in newborns *** current caveats potentially represent different lines of research with the aim to provide better care and reach a deeper understanding of this important topic of neonatal neurology.

关键词： Acute symptomatic Neonatal seizures EEG Newborn Outcome Diagnosis Etiologies

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Deliberate self-harm among pediatric psychiatric inpatients in China:A single-center retrospective study

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World Journal of psychiatry 2024年第3期14卷 398-408页

作者： Xing-Zhi Jiang Huan-Huan Li Zhen-Zhen Yu Chen Wang department of Child and Adolescent psychiatry Shenzhen Kangning HospitalShenzhen Mental Health CenterShenzhen Key Laboratory for Psychological Healthcare and Shenzhen Institute of Mental HealthShenzhen 518020Guangdong ProvinceChina department of psychiatry Xiamen Xianyue HospitalXiamen 361012Fujian ProvinceChina department of Geriatric Medicine Dalian Medical UniversityDalian 116000Liaoning ProvinceChina department of neurology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical CollegeXiamen 361000Fujian ProvinceChina department of neurology and department of Neuroscience The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen UniversitySchool of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamen 361000Fujian ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND For children and adolescents,deliberate self-harm(DSH)is becoming a mental health problem of *** several studies on the prevalence and factors of DSH in the world,there is little information on DSH among children and adolescents in *** study explores the prevalence,types,associated risk factors and tendency of DSH in pediatric psychiatric inpatients in *** To understand the situation of DSH among hospitalized children and adolescents and its related *** In this study,we retrospectively studied 1414 hospitalized children and adolescents with mental illness at Xiamen Mental Health Center from 2014 to 2019,extracted the demographic and clinical data of all patients,and analyzed clinical risk factors of *** A total of 239(16.90%)patients engaged in at least one type of DSH in our ***(n=115,48.12%)was the most common type of ***(n=171,71.55%)were more likely to engage in DSH than males(n=68,28.45%).DSH was positively associated with depressive disorders[OR=3.845(2.196-6.732);P<0.01],female[OR=2.536(1.815-3.542);P<0.01],parental marital status[OR=5.387(2.254-12.875);P<0.01]and negative family history of psychiatric illness[OR=7.767(2.952-20.433);P<0.01],but not with occupation,substance use and history of physical *** Our findings suggest that for patients with depression,females,an abnormal marriage of parents,and no history of mental illness,attention should be paid to the occurrence of DSH.

关键词： Deliberate self-harm Children Adolescent Psychiatric inpatients Retrospective study

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Is tuberous sclerosis complex-associated autism a preventable andtreatabledisorder?

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第1期20卷 40-53页

作者： Paolo Curatolo Mirte Scheper Leonardo Emberti Gialloreti Nicola Specchio Eleonora Aronica Child neurology and psychiatry Unit Systems Medicine DepartmentTor Vergata UniversityRomeItaly department of Neuropathology Amsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdam UMC Location University of AmsterdamAmsterdamTheNetherlands department of Biomedicine and Prevention University of Rome Tor VergataVia Montpellier 100133 RomeItaly Clinical and Experimental neurology Bambino Gesù Children's HospitalIRCCSFull Member of European ReferenceNetworkEpiCAREPiazza S.Onofrio400165 RomeItaly Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland(SEIN) HeemstedeAmsterdamThe Netherlands

Background Tuberous sclerosis complex(TSC)is a genetic disorder caused by inactivating mutations in the TSCl and TSC2 genes,causing overactivation of the mechanistic(previously referred to as mammalian)target of rapamycin(mTOR)signaling pathway in fetal *** mTOR pathway plays a crucial role in several brain processes leading to TSC-related epilepsy,intellectual disability,and autism spectrum disorder(ASD).Pre-natal or early post-natal diagnosis of TSC is now possible in a growing number of pre-symptomatic *** sources We searched PubMed for peer-reviewed publications published between January 2010 and April 2023 with the terms“tuberous sclerosis",“autism",or“autism spectrum disorder""animal models",“preclinical studies",“neurobiology",and“treatment".Results Prospective studies have highlighted that developmental trajectories in TSC infants who were later diagnosed with ASD already show motor,visual and social communication skills in the first year of life *** genetic,cellular,electroencephalography and magnetic resonance imaging biomarkers can identify pre-symptomatic TSC infants at high risk for having autism and *** Preventing epilepsy or improving therapy for seizures associated with prompt and tailored treatment strategies for autism in a sensitive developmental time window could have the potential to mitigate autistic symptoms in infants with TSC.

关键词： Animal model-Autism spectrum disorders Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy Mechanisms mTOR Risk Tuberos sclerosis complex

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Metabolic complications of psychotropic medications in psychiatric disorders:Emerging role of de novo lipogenesis and therapeutic consideration

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World Journal of psychiatry 2024年第6期14卷 767-783页

作者： Mohammad M Khan Zaw Ali Khan Mohsin Ali Khan Laboratory of Translational neurology and Molecular psychiatry Department of BiotechnologyEra’s Lucknow Medical College and Hospitaland Faculty of ScienceEra UniversityLucknow 226003India Era’s Lucknow Medical College and Hospital Era UniversityLucknow 226003India

Although significant advances have been made in understanding the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders(PDs),therapeutic advances have not been very *** psychotropic medications can reduce classical symptoms in patients with PDs,their long-term use has been reported to induce or exaggerate various pre-existing metabolic abnormalities including diabetes,obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).The mechanism(s)underlying these metabolic abnormalities is not clear;however,lipid/fatty acid accumulation due to enhanced de novo lipogenesis(DNL)has been shown to reduce membrane fluidity,increase oxidative stress and inflammation leading to the development of the aforementioned metabolic ***,emerging evidence suggest that DNL dysregulation and fatty acid accumulation could be the major mechanisms associated with the development of obesity,diabetes and NAFLD after long-term treatment with psychotropic medications in patients with *** support of this,several adjunctive drugs comprising of anti-oxidants and antiinflammatory agents,that are used in treating PDs in combination with psychotropic medications,have been shown to reduce insulin resistance and development of *** conclusion,the above evidence suggests that DNL could be a potential pathological factor associated with various metabolic abnormalities,and a new avenue for translational research and therapeutic drug designing in PDs.

关键词： Psychotropic medications Metabolic complications De novo lipogenesis Obesity Diabetes Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

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Predictive value of intracranial high-density areas in neurological function

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World Journal of psychiatry 2024年第7期14卷 1080-1086页

作者： Zhi-Juan Lu Jin-Xing Lai Jing-Ru Huang Shu-Hua Xie Zhao-Hui Lai department of neurology Ganzhou People’s HospitalGanzhou 341000Jiangxi ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Intracranial high-density areas(HDAs)have attracted considerable attention for predicting clinical outcomes;however,whether HDAs predict worse neurological function and mental health remains controversial and unclear,which requires further *** this prospective study,96 patients with acute ischemic stroke(AIS)who accepted endovascular mechanical thrombectomy(EMT)were *** enrolled patients underwent cranial computed tomography(CT)examination within 24 hours after *** data in terms of National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS),the 3-month modified Rankin Scale(mRS),self-rating depression scale(SDS),and self-rating anxiety scale(SAS)scores were collected and compared between patients with HDAs and non-HDAs and between patients with good and poor clinical *** to patients without HDAs,patients with HDAs presented severe neurological deficits(admission NIHSS score:18±3 vs 19±4),were more likely to have post-stroke disabilities(mRS<3:35%vs 62%),and suffered more severe depression(SDS score:58±16 vs 64±13)and anxiety disorder(SAS score:52±8 vs 59±10).Compared to patients with a good prognosis,patients with a poor prognosis presented severe neurological deficits(admission NIHSS score:17±4 vs 20±3),were more likely to have HDAs on CT images(64%vs 33%),and suffered more severe depression(SDS score:55±19 vs 65±11)and anxiety(SAS score:50±8 vs 58±12).Multivariate analysis revealed that HDAs were independent nega-tive prognostic *** In conclusion,HDAs on CT images predicted poor prognosis and severe depressive and anxiety symptoms in patients with AIS who underwent EMT.

关键词： Acute ischemic stroke Endovascular mechanical thrombectomy High-density areas Depressive disorder Anxiety disorder

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Evaluating serum CXCL12,sCD22,Lp-PLA2 levels and ratios as biomarkers for diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease

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World Journal of psychiatry 2024年第3期14卷 380-387页

作者： Zeng-Ling Liu Fei-Fei Hua Lei Qu Na Yan Hui-Fang Zhang department of neurology Dongying People's HospitalDongying 257000Shandong ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Grasping the underlying mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease(AD)is still a work in progress,and existing diagnostic techniques encounter various ***,the discovery of dependable biomarkers is essential for early detection,tracking the disease's advancement,and steering treatment *** To explore the diagnostic potential of serum CXCL12,sCD22,Lp-PLA2,and their ratios in AD,aiming to enhance early detection and inform targeted treatment *** The study was conducted in Dongying people's Hospital from January 2021 to December *** included 60 AD patients(AD group)and 60 healthy people(control group).Using a prospective case-control design,the levels of CXCL12,sCD22 and Lp-PLA2 and their ratios were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit in the diagnosis of *** differences between the two groups were analyzed by statistical methods,and the corresponding ratio was constructed to improve the specificity and sensitivity of *** Serum CXCL12 levels were higher in the AD group(47.2±8.5 ng/mL)than the control group(32.8±5.7 ng/mL,P<0.001),while sCD22 levels were lower(14.3±2.1 ng/mL vs 18.9±3.4 ng/mL,P<0.01).Lp-PLA2 levels were also higher in the AD group(112.5±20.6 ng/mL vs 89.7±15.2 ng/mL,P<0.05).Significant differences were noted in CXCL12/sCD22(3.3 vs 1.7,P<0.001)and Lp-PLA-2/sCD22 ratios(8.0 vs 5.2,P<0.05)between the *** operating characteristic analysis confirmed high sensitivity and specificity of these markers and their ratios in distinguishing AD,with area under the curves ranging from CONCLUSION Serum CXCL12 and Lp-PLA2 levels were significantly increased,while sCD22 were significantly decreased,as well as increases in the ratios of CXCL12/sCD22 and Lp-PLA2/sCD22,are closely related to the onset of *** biomarkers and their ratios can be used as potential diagnostic indicators for AD,providing an important clinical reference for early intervention and treatment.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease Biomarkers CXCL12 sCD22 Lp-PLA2

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