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Upper gastrointestinal tract involvement of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease: A pathological review

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第16期25卷 1928-1935页

作者： Dua Abuquteish Juan Putra Division of Pathology Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine Hospital for Sick Children

Upper gastrointestinal(UGI) tract involvement of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) is commonly seen in pediatric patients. Upper endoscopy is included in the routine workup of children with suspected IBD to enhance the diagnosis and management of these patients. Currently, childhood IBD is classified into ulcerative colitis(UC), atypical UC, Crohn's disease(CD) and IBD *** confirmation of UGI tract involvement, in particular the presence of epithelioid(non-caseating) granulomas, is helpful in confirming the diagnosis of IBD and its classification. Herein, we reviewed selected IBD-associated UGI tract manifestations in children. Lymphocytic esophagitis, seen predominantly in CD,is histologically characterized by increased intraepithelial lymphocytes(> 20 in one high-power field) in a background of mucosal injury with absence of granulocytes. Focally enhanced gastritis is a form of gastric inflammation in pediatric IBD marked by a focal lymphohistiocytic pit inflammation with or without granulocytes and plasma cells in a relatively normal background gastric mucosa. Duodenal inflammation seen in children with IBD includes cryptitis,villous flattening, increased intraepithelial lymphocytes, and lamina propria eosinophilia. Finally, epithelioid granulomas not associated with ruptured gland/crypt are a diagnostic feature of CD. The clinicopathologic correlation and differential diagnosis of each microscopic finding are discussed. Clinicians and pathologists should be cognizant of the utility and limitations of these histologic features.

关键词： Pediatric Inflammatory bowel disease Lymphocytic esophagitis Focally enhanced gastritis Epithelioid granuloma Crohn’s disease Ulcerative colitis

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Growth and bone health in paediatric patients with Crohn's disease receiving subcutaneous tumor necrosis factor antibody

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第21期21卷 6613-6620页

作者： Judith Pichler Wolf Dietrich Huber Christoph Aufricht Bettina Bidmon-Fliegenschnee department of paediatric and Adolescent medicine Medical University Vienna

AIM:To study whether adalimumab(ADA) was associated with improvement in growth,bone mineraldensity(BMD) and bone ***:In children with Crohn's disease(CD) there is a high prevalence of growth failure and reduced *** with infliximab is associated with an improvement in ***,paediatric CD activity index(PCDAI),bone markers and BMD was measured in 18 patients(72% females) one year before and after start of ADA with a median age of 14.4 years(range:5-19 years) at treatment *** were indicators of growth with treatment as well as interval ***:Eleven(61%) children experienced catchup growth after *** significantly decreased from 52.1 ± 16 to 30.4 ± 23(P ≤ 0.001).Post ADA,body mass index(BMI) standard deviation score(SDS) 0.1[range:2.7-(-0.8)] vs-1 [range:0.1-(-3.6)],P = 0.04 and △BMI SDS in children 0.3 [range:0.7-(-0.2)] vs-1.1 [range:1.2-(-2.3)],P = 0.01 in remission were significantly higher compared to those with moderate to severe *** main predictors for growth were 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and for bone mineralisation weight and height *** had no significant influence on bone markers and ***:Next to improvement of PCDAI,half of the children achieved a positive catch-up growth.A better nutritional status with improvement in BMI and weight is positive predictor for improved growth and bone mineralisation.

关键词： Crohn's disease Adalimumab Growth Bone health paediatrics

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Hepatocyte cryopreservation:Is it time to change the strategy?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第1期16卷 1-14页

作者： Xavier Stéphenne Mustapha Najimi Etienne M Sokal Catholic University of Louvain and St Luc Clinics Paediatric Department(HPED)PEDI unitLaboratory of Paediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy

Liver cell transplantation presents clinical benefit in patients with inborn errors of metabolism as an alternative,or at least as a bridge,to orthotopic liver *** success of such a therapeutic approach remains limited by the quality of the transplanted *** remains the best option for long-term storage of hepatocytes,providing a permanent and sufficient cell ***, isolated adult hepatocytes are poorly resistant to such a process,with a significant alteration both at the morphological and functional ***,the aim of the current review is to discuss the state of the art regarding widely-used hepatocyte cryopreservation protocols,as well as the assays performed to analyse the post-thawing cell quality both in vitro and in vivo. The majority of studies agree upon the poor quality and efficiency of cryopreserved/thawed hepatocytes as compared to freshly isolated *** ice formation or exposure to hyperosmotic solutionsremains the main phenomenon of cryopreservation process,and its effects on cell quality and cell death induction will be *** increased knowledge and understanding of the cryopreservation process will lead to research strategies to improve the viability and the quality of the cell suspensions after *** strategies,such as vitrification,will be discussed with respect to their potential to significantly improve the quality of cell suspensions dedicated to liver cell-based therapies.

关键词： Hepatocyte Cryopreservation Quality Mitochondria Intracellular ice formation

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Stem cell-based in utero therapies for spina bifida: implications for neural regeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第2期14卷 260-261页

作者： Connor Long Lee Lankford Aijun Wang Surgical Bioengineering laboratory Department of Surgery University of California Davis School of Medicine Institute for paediatric Regenerative medicine Shriners Hospital for Children department of Biomedical Engineering University of California Davis School of Engineering

The history: Myelomeningocele - also known as spina bifida- is a devastating congenital anomaly of the central nervoussystem that is caused by the malformation of the spinal cordand vertebral column during embryogenesis. Depending onthe location of the spina bifida lesion on the spine, patientssuffer from neurological dysfunction ranging from paresisand incontinence to complete paralysis. The current standardof care for spina bifida is in utero surgical repair of the defect,which has been shown to minimize the secondary deficits associatedwith this disorder (Adzick et al., 2011). Despite thesesuccesses, this approach does not reliably improve neurologicfunction of affected children. Several groups, including ourown, have performed studies aimed at augmenting the inutero surgical repair of spina bifida by applying principlesof stem cell and tissue engineering to provide an enhancedprotection of the exposed neural elements (Saadai et al., 2011,2013; Wang et al., 2015; Brown et al., 2016). The ultimategoal of these studies is to improve the neurologic function inpatients while maintaining the benefits of the existing fetalsurgical treatment.

关键词： spina bifida The et al

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Fatigue in children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第5期25卷 632-643页

作者： Els Van de Vijver Ann Van Gils Laura Beckers Yannick Van Driessche Nicolette Dorien Moes Patrick Ferry van Rheenen department of paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition Antwerp University Hospital department of Anesthesiology Antwerp University Hospital Family medicine department of paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition University Medical Center Groningen

AIM To identify factors other than active disease and anemia that contribute to fatigue in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).METHODS We performed an electronic search in Medline and EMBASE from their inception to May 2017 using the search term "fatigue" or the related keywords "physical impairment" and "inflammatory bowel disease" with the filter "child"(age 0-18 years). Cross-sectional and case-control studies were included. We restricted our search to studies published in English. We used the PRISMA checklist and flow diagram. Duplicate articles were manually deleted in End Note. To identify further relevant studies, we checked the reference lists of the selected *** We identified 149 papers, of which 19 were retrieved for full text review. Eleven studies were subsequently excluded because fatigue was not evaluated as an outcome measure. Eight papers focused on the desired topic and were discussed in the final analysis. A lack of uniformity of outcome measures made the pooling of data impossible. In all but one study, questionnaires were used to evaluate fatigue. In the remaining study, an accelerometer was used to measure daily activities, sleeping time and their relationships with fatigue in a more quantifiable manner. Adolescents with IBD are significantly more fatigued than healthy controls. In addition to active disease, increased anxiety or depression and disturbed family relationships were frequently reported predictors of fatigue. Quantitative measurement of physical activity in patients with Crohn's disease showed a reduction in the number of steps per day, and patients with ulcerative colitis had a shorter duration of physical activity during the *** Fatigue in pediatric IBD is related to a combination of biological, functional and behavioral factors, which should all be taken into account when managing fatigue.

关键词： Adolescents Children Fatigue Inflammatory bowel disease Physical impairment Sleep

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Evidence for a role of mitogen-activated protein kinases in the treatment of experimental acute pancreatitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第44期20卷 16535-16543页

作者： Natasha Irrera Alessandra Bitto Monica Interdonato Francesco Squadrito Domenica Altavilla department of Clinical and Experimental medicine University of Messina department of paediatric Gynaecological Microbiological and Biomedical Sciences University of Messina

Acute pancreatitis(AP) is an inflammatory disease characterized by acute inflammation and necrosis of the pancreatic parenchyma. AP is often associated with organ failure, sepsis, and high mortality. The pathogenesis of AP is still not well understood. In recent years several papers have highlighted the cellular and molecular events of acute pancreatitis. Pancreatitis is initiated by activation of digestive enzymes within the acinar cells that are involved in autodigestion of the gland, followed by a massive infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages and release of inflammatory mediators, responsible for the local and systemic inflammatory response. The hallmark of AP is parenchymal cell necrosis that represents the cause of the high morbidity and mortality, so that new potential therapeutic approaches are indispensable for the treatment of patients at high risk of complications. However, not all factors that determine the onset and course of the disease have been explained. Aim of this article is to review the role of mitogen-activated protein kinases in pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis.

关键词： Experimental acute pancreatitis Mitogen-activated protein kinases Mitogen-activated protein kinases inhibitors Cytokines Cholecystokinin Cerulein

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Dengue encephalitis - a case report

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical medicine 2009年第2期2卷 74-75页

作者： P.C.Bhattacharyya Jagdish Prasad Agarwal department of medicine & paediatric Down Town HospitalGuwahatiAssamIndia

Encephalitis is an uncommon manifestation of dengue *** we present a 4 years old female child from Northeast Region of India who suffered from dengue *** our knowledge,this is probably the first diagnosed case of deng... 详细信息

关键词： Encephalitis Dengue fever

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Primary malignant vascular tumors of the liver in children:Angiosarcoma and epithelioid hemangioendothelioma

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2021年第4期13卷 223-230页

作者： Sami Bannoura Juan Putra department of paediatric laboratory medicine Hospital for Sick Children555 University AveToronto M5G 1X8OntarioCanada

Primary malignant vascular neoplasms of the liver,angiosarcoma and epithelioid hemangioendothelioma,are extremely rare entities in the pediatric *** Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies classification system is recommended for the pathologic diagnosis of hepatic vascular lesions in this age *** this article,we highlight the clinicopathologic characteristics of hepatic angiosarcoma and epithelioid hemangioendothelioma in the pediatric *** angiosarcoma in children shows a slight female predominance with an average age of 40 mo at *** distinct histologic features include whorls of atypical spindled cells and eosinophilic globules,in addition to the general findings of *** diagnosis of pediatric hepatic angiosarcoma is not always straightforward,and the diagnostic challenges are discussed in the *** epithelioid hemangioendothelioma also demonstrates a female predominance,but is more commonly identified in adolescents(median age at diagnosis:12 years).Histologically,the lesion is characterized by epithelioid cells and occasional intracytoplasmic lumina with a background of fibromyxoid *** WWTR1-CAMTA1 and YAP1-TFE3 fusions have been associated with epithelioid hemangioendothelioma,there are currently no known signature genetic alterations seen in pediatric hepatic *** in molecular pathology,particularly for pediatric hepatic angiosarcoma,is necessary for a better understanding of the disease biology,diagnosis,and development of targeted therapies.

关键词： Pediatric Hepatic angiosarcoma Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma Infantile hemangioma Liver tumor Molecular genetics

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Hepatocellular adenoma in the paediatric population:Molecular classification and clinical associations

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第19期26卷 2294-2304页

作者： Elan Hahn Juan Putra Division of Pathology Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicinethe Hospital for Sick ChildrenToronto M5G 1X8ONCanada department of laboratory medicine and Pathobiology University of TorontoToronto M5S 1A8ONCanada

Hepatocellular adenomas(HCAs)represent rare,benign liver tumours occurring predominantly in females taking oral *** children,HCAs comprise less than 5%of hepatic tumours and demonstrate association with various *** contemporary classification of HCAs,based on their distinctive genotypes and clinical phenotypes,includes hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 homeobox alpha-inactivated HCAs,beta-catenin-mutated HCAs,inflammatory HCAs,combined beta-catenin-mutated and inflammatory HCAs,sonic hedgehogactivated HCAs,and unclassified *** children,there is a lack of literature on the characteristics and distribution of HCA *** this review,we summarized different HCA subtypes and the clinicopathologic spectrum of HCAs in the paediatric population.

关键词： paediatric Hepatocellular adenoma Malignant transformation Beta-catenin HNF1A Glycogen storage disorders

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Colonoscopy in Hong Kong Chinese children

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第9期16卷 1119-1122页

作者： Yuk Him Tam Kim Hung Lee Kin Wai Chan Jennifer Dart Yin Sihoe Sing Tak Cheung Jennifer Wai Cheung Mou Division of paediatric Surgery & paediatric Urology Department of SurgeryPrince of Wales HospitalThe Chinese University of Hong Kong

AIM:To investigate the safety and diagnostic yield of colonoscopy in Chinese children in whom the procedure is not often ***:We conducted a retrospective review of all colonoscopies in consecutive children who underwent their fi rst diagnostic colonoscopy from Jan 2003 to ***:Seventy-nine children (48 boys,31 girls;mean age 9.2 ± 4.2 years) were identified and reviewed with a total of 82 colonoscopies *** caecal and ileal intubation rates were 97.6% and 75.6% *** patients (50.6%) had a positive diagnosis made in colonoscopy and that included colonic polyps (23),Crohn's disease (12),ulcerative colitis (1),and miscellaneous causes (4).80% of polyps were in the rectosigmoid *** but one were juvenile hamartomatous *** exceptionwas an adenomatous *** mean ages for children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and polyps were 11.3 and 4.3 years *** was no procedure-related ***:Colonoscopy is a safe procedure in our Chinese *** increasing diagnosis of IBD in recent decades may reflect a rising incidence of the disease in our children.

关键词： Colonoscopy Children Inflammatory bowel disease Colonic polyps

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