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Unexpected focal fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in main organs;pass through or pass by?

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第11期12卷 1885-1899页

作者： Haejun Lee Kyung-Hoon Hwang department of nuclear medicine Gachon University College of MedicineGil Medical CenterIncheon 21565South Korea

Since the inception of fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose(F-18 FDG),positron emission tomography/computed tomography(PET/CT)utilizing F-18 FDG has become widely accepted as a valuable imaging modality in the field of oncology,with global prevalence in clinical *** that a single Torso PET/CT scan encompasses the anatomical region from the skull base to the upper thigh,the detection of incidental abnormal focal hypermetabolism in areas of limited clinical interest is both feasible and not *** investigations have been undertaken to delineate the distinctive features of these findings,yet the outcomes have proven *** incongruent results of these studies present a challenge for physicians,leaving them uncertain about the appropriate course of *** article provides a succinct overview of the characteristics of fluorodeoxyglucose,followed by a comprehensive discussion of the imaging findings and clinical significance associated with incidental focal abnormal F-18 FDG activity in several representative *** conclusion,while the prevalence of unrecognized malignancy varies across organs,malignancies account for a substantial proportion,ranging from approximately one-third to over half,of incidental focal *** light of these rates,physicians are urged to exercise vigilance in not disregarding unexpected uptake,facilitating more assured clinical decisions,and advocating for further active evaluation.

关键词： Incidental Focal Incidentaloma Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron emission tomography Hypermetabolism

Design and performance evaluation of a large field-of-view dual-particle time-encoded imager based on a depth-of-interaction detector

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nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第4期35卷 1-14页

作者： Dong Zhao Xu-Wen Liang Ping-Kun Cai Wei Cheng Wen-Bao Jia Da-Qian Hei Qing Shan Yong-Sheng Ling Chao Shi department of nuclear Science and Technology Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 211106China Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions Suzhou 215000China School of nuclear Science and Technology Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China

Time-encoded imaging is useful for identifying potential special nuclear materials and other radioactive sources at a *** this study,a large field-of-view time-encoded imager was developed for gamma-ray and neutron source hotspot imaging based on a depth-of-interaction(DOI)*** imager primarily consists of a DOI detector system and a rotary dual-layer cylindrical coded *** EJ276 plastic scintillator coupled with two SiPMs was designed as the DOI detector to increase the field of view and improve the imager *** difference in signal time at both ends and the log of the signal amplitude ratio were used to calculate the interaction position *** position resolution of the DOI detector was calibrated using a collimated Cs-137 source,and the full width at half maximum of the reconstruction position of the Gaussian fitting curve was approximately 4.4 *** DOI detector can be arbitrarily divided into several units to independently reconstruct the source distribution *** unit length was optimized via Am-Be source-location experiments.A multidetector filtering method is proposed for image *** method can effectively reduce image noise caused by poor DOI detector position *** vertical field of view of the imager was(-55°,55°)when the detector was placed in the center of the coded mask.A DT neutron source at 20 m standoff could be located within 2400 s with an angular resolution of 3.5°.

关键词： Time-encoded imager Depth-of-interaction detector Dual-particle imaging Hotspot imaging

Anoctamin 4 defines glucose-inhibited neurons in the ventromedial hypothalamus

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Neural Regeneration research 2024年第6期19卷 1177-1178页

作者： Longlong Tu Yanlin He Yong Xu Children's Nutrition research Center Department of Pediatrics Baylor College of Medicine department of Molecular and Cellular Biology Section of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism Department of Medicine Baylor College of Medicine Brain Glycemic and Metabolism Control department Pennington Biomedical Research Center Louisiana State University

Glucose is the primary fuel source of the brain,and therefore glucose levels need to be tightly regulated and maintained within a small physiological ***,the body necessitates a stable supply of energy mainly provided by glucose for various bodily *** or low blood glucose levels would impair the physiological functions of various organs of the *** high blood glucose(i.e.,

关键词： HYPOGLYCEMIA

N-glycan biosignatures as a potential diagnostic biomarker for earlystage pancreatic cancer

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第3期16卷 659-669页

作者： Yan-Rong Wen Xia-Wen Lin Yu-Wen Zhou Lei Xu Jun-Li Zhang Cui-Ying Chen Jian He department of nuclear medicine Nanjing Drum Tower HospitalAffiliated Hospital of Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjing 210008Jiangsu ProvinceChina department of research and Development Sysdiagno(Nanjing)Biotech Co.LtdNanjing 210008Jiangsu ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)has a poor prognosis,with a 5-year survival rate of less than 10%,owing to its late-stage *** detection of pancreatic cancer(PC)can significantly increase survival *** To identify the serum biomarker signatures associated with early-stage PDAC by serum N-glycan *** An extensive patient cohort was used to determine a biomarker signature,in-cluding patients with PDAC that was well-defined at an early stage(stages I and II).The biomarker signature was derived from a case-control study using a case-cohort design consisting of 29 patients with stage I,22 with stage II,4 with stage III,16 with stage IV PDAC,and 88 *** used multiparametric analysis to identify early-stage PDAC N-glycan signatures and developed an N-glycan sig-nature-based diagnosis model called the“Glyco-model”.RESULTS The biomarker signature was created to discriminate samples derived from patients with PC from those of controls,with a receiver operating characteristic area under the curve of *** addition,the biomarker signature combined with cancer antigen 19-9 could discriminate patients with PDAC from controls,with a receiver operating characteristic area under the curve of ***-model demonstrated favorable diagnostic performance in all stages of *** diagnostic sensitivity for stage I PDAC was 89.66%.Core Tip:This study employed a patient cohort to investigate the N-glycan signature of early-stage pancreatic cancer(PC).Serum N-glycans analysis was conducted to identify the serum biomarker signature associated with early-stage pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC),resulting in the identification of nine early-stage PDAC N-glycan ***,utilizing these biosignatures,a diagnostic model named the“Glyco-model”was developed,demonstrating promising diagnostic performance across all stages of *** study revealed that the diagnostic sensitivity for stage I PDAC was determined to be 89.66%.Co

关键词： Glycomics N-glycans Biomarkers Pancreatic cancer Predictive modeling

Control system design for a pressure-tube-type supercritical water-cooled nuclear reactor via a higher order sliding mode method

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nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第1期35卷 145-154页

作者： M.Hajipour G.R.Ansarifar department of nuclear Engineering Faculty of PhysicsUniversity of IsfahanIsfahan 81746-73441Iran

nuclear power plants exhibit non-linear and time-variable ***,designing a control system that sets the reactor power and forces it to follow the desired load is complicated.A supercritical water reactor(SCWR)is a fourth-generation conceptual *** an SCWR,the non-linear dynamics of the reactor require a controller capable of control-ling the *** this study,a pressure-tube-type SCWR was controlled during reactor power maneuvering with a higher order sliding mode,and the reactor outgoing steam temperature and pressure were controlled *** an SCWR,the temperature,pressure,and power must be maintained at a setpoint(desired value)during power *** point kinetics equations with three groups of delayed neutrons were used in the ***-order and classic sliding mode controllers were separately manufactured to control the plant and were compared with the PI controllers speci-fied in previous *** controlled parameters were reactor power,steam temperature,and ***,for these parameters,the PI controller had certain instabilities in the presence of *** classic sliding mode controller had a higher accuracy and stability;however its main drawback was the chattering *** was highly accurate and stable and had a small computational *** reality,it followed the desired values without oscillations and chattering.

关键词： Supercritical water nuclear reactor Higher order sliding mode controller Steam temperature Steam pressure Point kinetics model

Promising use of metformin in treating neurological disorders:biomarker-guided therapies

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Neural Regeneration research 2024年第5期19卷 1045-1055页

作者： Allison Loan Charvi Syal Margarita Lui Ling He Jing Wang Regenerative medicine Program Ottawa Hospital Research InstituteOttawaONCanada department of Biology Faculty of ScienceUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada department of Pediatrics and medicine Johns Hopkins Medical SchoolBaltimoreMDUSA department of Cellular and Molecular medicine Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada University of Ottawa Brain and Mind research Institute OttawaONCanada

Neurological disorders are a diverse group of conditions that affect the nervous system and include neurodegenerative diseases(Alzheimer’s disease,multiple sclerosis,Parkinson’s disease,Huntington’s disease),cerebrovascular conditions(stroke),and neurodevelopmental disorders(autism spectrum disorder).Although they affect millions of individuals around the world,only a limited number of effective treatment options are available *** most neurological disorders express mitochondria-related metabolic perturbations,metformin,a biguanide type II antidiabetic drug,has attracted a lot of attention to be repurposed to treat neurological disorders by correcting their perturbed energy ***,controversial research emerges regarding the beneficial/detrimental effects of metformin on these neurological *** that most neurological disorders have complex etiology in their pathophysiology and are influenced by various risk factors such as aging,lifestyle,genetics,and environment,it is important to identify perturbed molecular functions that can be targeted by metformin in these neurological *** molecules can then be used as biomarkers to stratify subpopulations of patients who show distinct molecular/pathological properties and can respond to metformin treatment,ultimately developing targeted *** this review,we will discuss mitochondria-related metabolic perturbations and impaired molecular pathways in these neurological disorders and how these can be used as biomarkers to guide metformin-responsive treatment for the targeted therapy to treat neurological disorders.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease Huntington’s disease metformin mitochondrial perturbation multiple sclerosis neural degenerative diseases Parkinson’s disease stroke targeted therapy

Ambroxol,the cough expectorant with neuroprotective effects

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Neural Regeneration research 2024年第11期19卷 2345-2346页

作者： Kristin Patzwaldt Salvador Castaneda-Vega Werner Siemens Imaging Center Department of Preclinical Imaging and RadiopharmacyEberhard Karls University TuebingenTuebingenGermany department of nuclear medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging University Clinic TuebingenTuebingenGermany

Ambroxol hydrochloride(2-amino-3,5-dibromo-N-methylbenzylamine hydrochloride)has been used as a mucolytic agent in the treatment of respiratory diseases since the late *** effects on mucus membranes such as mucus disruption,increased mucus production,and low toxicity profile were addressed in its original German patent in *** first described properties have kept Ambroxol available worldwide and over the counter in the pharmaceutical market to this day.

关键词： protective agent German

Experimental investigation on effective aerosol scavenging using different spray configurations with pre-injection of water mist for Fukushima Daiichi decommissioning

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nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第5期35卷 154-172页

作者： Rui-Cong Xu Avadhesh Kumar Sharma Erdal Ozdemir Shuichiro Miwa Shunichi Suzuki department of nuclear Engineering and Management The University of Tokyo7‑3‑1 HongoBunkyo‑KuTokyo 113‑8656Japan nuclear Professional School The University of Tokyo2‑2

During the decommissioning of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant,it is important to consider the retrieval of resolidified debris both in air and underwater *** the subsequent retrieval of debris from the reactor building,the resolidified debris must be cut into smaller pieces using various cutting *** the cutting process,aerosol particles are expected to be generated at the submicron *** has been noted that such aerosols sizing within the Greenfield gap(0.1-1μm)are difficult to remove effectively using traditional spraying ***,to improve the aerosol removal efficiency of the spray system,a new aerosol agglomeration method was recently proposed,which involves injecting water mist to enlarge the sizes of the aerosol particles before removing them using water *** this study,a series of experiments were performed to clarify the proper spray configurations for effective aerosol scavenging and to improve the performance of the water *** experimental results showed that the spray flow rate and droplet characteristics are important factors for the aerosol-scavenging efficiency and performance of the water *** results obtained from this study will be helpful for the optimization of the spray system design for effective aerosol scavenging during the decommissioning of the Fukushima Daiichi plant.

关键词： Fukushima Daiichi decommissioning Aerosol scavenging Multiphase flow Spray system Aerosol-mist agglomeration

Rim^(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake of hepatic cavernous hemangioma on positron emission tomography/computed tomography:A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第13期12卷 2243-2247页

作者： Yong-An Hu Ya-Xin Guo Qi-Feng Huang department of nuclear medicine Jinhua Hospital of Zhejiang UniversityJinhua Municipal Central HospitalJinhua 321000Zhejiang ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Peripheral FDG accumulation in a hepatic hemangioma presenting in a patient with prolonged fever is ***,clinicians should pay close attention to patients with hepatic *** SUMMARY A 54-year-old woman with a 4-wk history of daily fevers was admitted to our hospital.A whole body^(18)-Fluordesoxyglucose(PET-FDG)positron emission tomography/computed tomography(PET/CT)was performed to elucidate the source of the ***,whole body^(18)-FDG PET/CT raised the suspicion of a malignant lesion because of peripheral FDG accumulation(SUVmax 3.5 g/mL)higher than that of the normal liver parenchyma(SUVmax 1.6 g/mL)surrounding a hypoactive area,and no other abnormalities were ***,the patient underwent liver mass *** showed a hepatic cavernous hemangioma with fatty infiltration around the *** fever disappeared four days after surgery and the patient did not present any complications during *** Fatty infiltration in the peripheral parts of hepatic cavernous hemangioma may lead to subacute inflammation which further activate the Kupffer *** may cause prolonged fever and peripheral rim FDG accumulation on PET/CT.

关键词： ^(18)-Fluordesoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography Hepatocellular carcinoma Fever Fatty infiltration Case report