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External Bacterial Flora and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Staphylococcus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. Isolated from Two Household Cockroaches, Blattella germanica and Blatta orientalis

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Biomedical and Environmental sciences 2015年第4期28卷 316-320页

作者： MENASRIA Taha TINE Samir MAHCENE Djaouida BENAMMAR Leyla MEGRI Rochdi BOUKOUCHA Mourad DEBABZA Manel department of natural and Life sciences Faculty of Exact Sciences and Natural and Life Sciences University of Tebessa department of natural and Life sciences Faculty of Sciences University of Batna Public Health Establishment

A study was performed to estimate the prevalence of the external bacterial flora of two domestic cockroaches （Blattella germanica and Blatta orientalis） collected from households in Tebessa （northeast AIgeria）.Three major bacterial groups were cultured （total aerobic, enterobacteria, and staphylococci） from 14 specimens of cockroaches, and antibiotic susceptibility was tested for both Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas isolates. Culturing showed that the total bacterial load of cockroaches from different households were comparable （P〈0.001） and enterobacteria were the predominant colonizers of the insect surface, with a bacterial load of （2.1×10^5 CFU/insect）, whereas the staphylococci group was the minority. Twenty-eight bacterial species were isolated, and susceptibility patterns showed that most of the staphylococci isolates were highly susceptible to chloramphenicol, gentamycin, pristinamycin, ofloxacin, clindamycin, and vancomycin; however, Pseudomonas strains exhibited resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, imipenem, and the second-generation antibiotic cephalosporin cefuroxime.

关键词： External Bacterial Flora and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Staphylococcus spp Isolated from Two Household Cockroaches and Pseudomonas spp

Determining the spatial distribution of environmental and socio-economic suitability for human leptospirosis in the face of limited epidemiological data

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2022年第4期11卷 99-100页

作者： Maximiliano A.Cristaldi Thibault Catry Aurea Pottier Vincent Herbreteau Emmanuel Roux Paulina Jacob M.Andrea Previtali Department of Natural Sciences College of Humanities and SciencesNational University of LitoralSanta FeArgentina 不详

Background:Leptospirosis is among the leading zoonotic causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide.Knowledge about spatial patterns of diseases and their underlying processes have the potential to guide intervention efforts.However,leptospirosis is often an underreported and misdiagnosed disease and consequently,spatial patterns of the disease remain unclear.In the absence of accurate epidemiological data in the urban agglomeration of Santa Fe,we used a knowledge-based index and cluster analysis to identify spatial patterns of environmental and socioeconomic suitability for the disease and potential underlying processes that shape them.Methods:We geocoded human leptospirosis cases derived from the Argentinian surveillance system during the period 2010 to 2019.Environmental and socioeconomic databases were obtained from satelite images and publicly available platforms on the web.Two sets of human leptospirosis determinants were considered according to the level of their support by the literature and expert knowledge.We used the Zonation algorithm to build a knowledge-based index and a clustering approach to identify distinct potential sets of determinants.Spatial similarity and correlations between index,clusters,and incidence rates were evaluated.Results:We were able to geocode 56.36%of the human leptospirosis cases reported in the national epidemiological database.The knowledge-based index showed the suitability for human leptospirosis in the UA Santa Fe increased from downtown areas of the largest cities towards peri-urban and suburban areas.Cluster analysis revealed downtown areas were characterized by higher levels of socioeconomic conditions.Peri-urban and suburban areas encompassed two clusters which differed in terms of environmental determinants.The highest incidence rates overlapped areas with the highest suitability scores,the strength of association was low though(CSc r=0.21,P<0.001 and ESc r=0.19,P<0.001).Conclusions:We present a method to analyze the environmental and socioeconomic suitability for hu

关键词： Spatial epidemiology Underreported misdiagnosed diseases Environmental conditions Socioeconomic groups Knowledge-based index Cluster analysis

Impact of pediatric traumatic brain injury on hippocampal neurogenesis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第5期16卷 926-933页

作者： Mariam Rizk Justin Vu Zhi Zhang Department of Natural Sciences University of Michigan-DearbornDearbornMIUSA

Traumatic brain injury(TBI)is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in the pediatric population.With advances in medical care,the mortality rate of pediatric TBI has declined.However,more children and adolescents are living with TBI-related cognitive and emotional impairments,which negatively affects the quality of their life.Adult hippocampal neurogenesis plays an important role in cognition and mood regulation.Alterations in adult hippocampal neurogenesis are associated with a variety of neurological and neurodegenerative diseases,including TBI.Promoting endogenous hippocampal neurogenesis after TBI merits significant attention.However,TBI affects the function of neural stem/progenitor cells in the dentate gyrus of hippocampus,which results in aberrant migration and impaired dendrite development of adult-born neurons.Therefore,a better understanding of adult hippocampal neurogenesis after TBI can facilitate a more successful neuro-restoration of damage in immature brains.Secondary injuries,such as neuroinflammation and oxidative stress,exert a significant impact on hippocampal neurogenesis.Currently,a variety of therapeutic approaches have been proposed for ameliorating secondary TBI injuries.In this review,we discuss the uniqueness of pediatric TBI,adult hippocampal neurogenesis after pediatric TBI,and current efforts that promote neuroprotection to the developing brains,which can be leveraged to facilitate neuroregeneration.

关键词： adult hippocampal neurogenesis astrocytes development microglia neuroinflammation neuroregeneration oxidative stress pediatric traumatic brain injury plasticity stem cell

Image texture indices and trend analysis for forest disturbance assessment under wood harvest regimes

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Journal of Forestry Research 2021年第2期32卷 579-587页

作者： Abdolrassoul Salmanmahiny Malihe Erfani Afshin Danehkar Vahid Etemad department of Environmental Science Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural ResourcesGorgānIran department of Environmental sciences Faculty of Natural ResourcesUniversity of ZabolZabolIran department of Environmental sciences Faculty of Natural ResourcesUniversity of TehranTehranIran department of Forestry and Forest Economics Faculty of Natural ResourcesUniversity of TehranTehranIran

Effective disturbance indices for Hyrcanian forests in Kheyroud,Nowshahr,Iran were determined.The study area was divided into landscape mosaics based on ecosystem parameters including profile type,slope and elevation.Co-occurrence texture indices were derived as forest disturbance factors on the first five bands of Landsat TM,ETM+and OLI images for the prevailing wood harvest disturbance regimes.These indices were screened using ten types of trend analyses and used for modeling disturbance of the harvesting regime through artificial neural networks.The results show that the selected indices can be useful in distinguishing areas with different disturbance intensities and as such,used in the context of health assessment through the health distance method.The accuracy of the health maps derived from the indices[increasing disturbance]led to give rise higher disturbance classification accuracy.

关键词： Ecosystem health Disturbance Trend analysis Co-occurrence texture indices Landscape mosaics

Herbal anthelmintic agents: a narrative review

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2022年第4期42卷 641-651页

作者： Manjusa Adak Pradeep Kumar department of Pharmaceutical sciences and natural Products Central University of PunjabGhuddaBathindaPunjab 151401India

Helminths or Parasitic worms of humans may cause chronic and sometimes deadly diseases,considered as neglected tropical diseases(NTDs)that infect around two billion people worldwide.Plants have been used as anthelmintics from ancient times.This review is a compilation of plants as source of anthelmintic drug.All information presented in this review article regarding the anthelmintic activities of plants from 2005 and has been acquired by approaching various electronic databases,including Scopus,Google scholar,Web of science and PubMed.Literature was surveyed for anthelmintic activity of plants which showed that secondary metabolites of plants like terpenes,glycosides,saponins,flavonoids,tannins and alkaloids were having anthelmintic activity.Since this review is a compilation of anthelmintic activity of plants from the year 2005,it will definitely be a fruitful study for researchers working in this field.

关键词： helminths helminthiasis anthelmintics biological products

Control of the Hedgehog pathway by compartmentalized PKA in the primary cilium

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Science China(Life sciences) 2022年第3期65卷 500-514页

作者： Eva Cai Jingyi Zhang Xuecai Ge department of Molecular and Cell Biology School of Natural SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaMerced CA 95340USA

The Hedgehog(Hh)signaling is one of the essential signaling pathways during embryogenesis and in adults.Hh signal transduction relies on primary cilium,a specialized cell surface organelle viewed as the hub of cell signaling.Protein kinase A(PKA)has been recognized as a potent negative regulator of the Hh pathway,raising the question of how such a ubiquitous kinase specifically regulates one signaling pathway.We reviewed recent genetic,molecular and biochemical studies that have advanced our mechanistic understanding of PKA’s role in Hh signaling in vertebrates,focusing on the compartmentalized PKA at the centrosome and in the primary cilium.We outlined the recently developed genetic and optical tools that can be harvested to study PKA activities during the course of Hh signal transduction.

关键词： Hedgehog signaling protein kinase A(PKA) primary cilium centrosome compartmentalized cell signaling

Female mating status affects male mating tactic expression in the wolf spider Rabidosa punctulata

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Current Zoology 2022年第1期68卷 121-127页

作者： Sophie BUNCH Dustin J.WILGERS Department of Natural Sciences McPherson College1600 E.EuclidMcPhersonKS 67460USA

Males and females have conflicting interests on the frequency and outcomes of mating interactions.Males maximize their fitness by mating with as many females as possible,whereas choosy females often reduce receptivity following copulation.Alternative male mating tactics can be adaptive in their expression to a variety of mating contexts,including interactions with a relatively unreceptive mated female.Male Rabidosa punctulata wolf spiders can adopt distinctive mating tactics when interacting with a female,a complex courtship display,and/or a more coercive direct mount tactic that often involves grappling with females for copulation.In this study,we set up female mating treatments with initial trials and then paired mated and unmated females with males to observe both female remating frequencies and the male mating tactics used during the interactions.Males adopted different mating tactics depending on the mating status of the female they were paired with.Males were more likely to adopt a direct mount tactic with already-mated females and courtship with unmated females.Already-mated females were considerably less receptive to males during experimental trials,although they did remate 34%of the time,the majority of which were with males using a direct mount tactic.Whereas males adjusting to these contextual cues were able to gain more copulations,the observation of multiple mating in female R.punctulata introduces the potential for sperm competition.We discuss this sexual conflict in terms of the fitness consequences of these mating outcomes for both males and females.

关键词： alternative mating tactic female multiple mating Lycosidae sexual conflict

Annual growth of Fagus orientalis is limited by spring drought conditions in Iran’s Golestan Province

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第1期35卷 128-142页

作者： Khalil Ghorbani Jahangir Mohammadi Laleh Rezaei Ghaleh department of Water Engineering Faculty of Water and Soil EngineeringGorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural ResourcesGorganIran department of Forestry Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural ResourcesGorganIran department of Water Engineering Faculty of AgricultureUrmia UniversityUrmiaIran

Due to the lack of a uniform and accurate defi-nition of‘drought’,several indicators have been introduced based on different variables and methods,and the efficiency of each of these is determined according to their relationship with drought.The relationship between two drought indices,SPI(standardized precipitation index)and SPEI(standard-ized precipitation-evapotranspiration index)in different sea-sons was investigated using annual rings of 15 tree samples to determine the effect of drought on the growth of oriental beech(Fagus orientalis Lipsky)in the Hyrcanian forests of northern Iran.The different evapotranspiration calcula-tion methods were evaluated on SPEI efficiency based on Hargreaves-Samani,Thornthwaite,and Penman-Monteith methods using the step-by-step M5 decision tree regression method.The results show that SPEI based on the Penman-Monteith in a three-month time scale(spring)had similar temporal changes and a better relationship with annual tree rings(R^(2)=0.81)at a 0.05 significant level.Abrupt change and a decreasing trend in the time series of annual tree rings are similar to the variation in the SPEI based on the Penman-Monteith method.Factors affecting evapotranspiration,temperature,wind speed,and sunshine hours(used in the Penman-Monteith method),increased but precipitation decreased.Using non-linear modeling methods,SPEI based on Penman-Monteith best illustrated climate changes affecting tree growth.

关键词： Climate change Drought index Hyrcanian forests SPEI'Annual growth rings Fagus orientalis

The distribution and frequency of damage to roadside trees in low-volume road construction

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Journal of Forestry Research 2018年第1期29卷 221-226页

作者： Majid Lotfalian Mehran Nasiri department of Forestry Faculty of Natural Resources Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources

We investigated the distribution and frequency of damage to tree stands adjacent to low-volume roads according to the type of hillside materials involved（soil or rock） and hillside gradient in mountainous forests of northern Iran. A total of 80 plots were systematically and randomly sampled to record damaged trees（bending,crushing and wounding） by class of hillside gradient and materials at the edge of road. Tree wounding and crushing at rock slopes was significantly greater than at hillsides with a mix of clay soil（p ／ 0.05）. Damage on hillsides with slope gradients[45% were 2, 8.5 and 2.3 times more frequent than on hillsides with slope gradient／15% for bending, crushing and wounding, respectively. The damage distribution varied according by type and the most frequent damage was tree wounding（p ／ 0.05）. The damage distribution was measured at distances of 4, 5 and 8 m from the road fillslope for tree bending, crushing and wounding, respectively. Using hydraulic excavators and physical barriers（wooden obstruction and synthetic holder） during earthworks for road construction could reduce these damage.

关键词： Low-volume road construction Tree damage Hillside materials Gradient Distribution