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Targeting harmful effects of non-excitatory amino acids as an alternative therapeutic strategy to reduce ischemic damage

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Neural Regeneration research 2025年第9期20卷 2454-2463页

作者： Victoria Jiménez Carretero IrisÁlvarez-Merz Jorge Hernández-Campano Sergei A.Kirov Jesús M.Hernández-Guijo department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic School of MedicineUniv.Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health research(IRYCIS) Neurobiology-Research ServiceHospital Ramón y CajalMadridSpain Institute of Neurobiology Faculty of Mathematics and Natural SciencesHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine&department of Neurosurgery Medical College of Georgia at Augusta UniversityAugustaGAUSA

The involvement of the excitatory amino acids glutamate and aspartate in ce rebral ischemia and excitotoxicity is ***,the role of non-excitatory amino acids in brain damage following a stroke or brain trauma remains largely *** release of amino acids by necrotic cells in the ischemic core may contribute to the expansion of the *** findings indicated that the reversible loss of field excitato ry postsynaptic potentials caused by transient hypoxia became irreversible when exposed to a mixture of just four non-excitatory amino acids(L-alanine,glycine,L-glutamine,and L-serine)at their plasma *** amino acids induce swelling in the somas of neurons and astrocytes during hypoxia,along with permanent dendritic damage mediated by N-methyl-D-aspartate *** N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors prevented neuronal damage in the presence of these amino acids during *** is likely that astroglial swelling caused by the accumulation of these amino acids via the alanine-serine-cysteine transporter 2 exchanger and system N transporters activates volume-regulated anion channels,leading to the release of excitotoxins and subsequent neuronal damage through N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor ***,previously unrecognized mechanisms involving non-excitatory amino acids may contribute to the progression and expansion of brain injury in neurological emergencies such as stroke and traumatic brain *** these pathways co uld highlight new therapeutic targets to mitigate brain injury.

关键词： cell swelling N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor non-excitatory amino acids stroke synaptic transmission

Forest structure and woody plant species composition after a wildfire in beech forests in the north of Iran

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Journal of Forestry research 2013年第2期24卷 255-262页

作者： Mohammad Naghi Adel Hassan Pourbabaei Ali Omidi Daniel C Dey Facultad de department of Forestry Natural Resources Faculty University of Guilan department of Forestry Natural Resources Office USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station 202 Natural Resources Building

Beech （Fagus orientalis Lipsky） forest covers about 565,000 ha of land in Guilan province, north of Iran and forms a major carbon pool. It is an important economic, soil protection and recreation resource. We studied long-term effects of fire on the structure and composition 37 years after fire occurrence in these forests. To do this research, we selected 85 ha burned and 85 ha unburned beech forests）. The results indicated that the fire had not changed the overall uneven-aged structure, but it changed forest composition from pure stands to mixed stands that now include species such as Carpinus betulus, Acer cappadocicum and Alnus subcordata. The density of trees and regeneration was significantly increased, while the density of shrubs significantly decreased. The main reasons for increased tree regeneration were attributed to （1） reduction of litter depth, and （2） increase in available light from opening of the canopy and reduction in shrub competition. It is apparent that the forest is on a path to return to its natural state before the fire after 37 years.

关键词： fire structure composition regeneration beech forest Guilan Province

An evaluation of harvesting costs in present and planned operations: case study—Waston District of Mazandaran Wood and Paper Industries

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Journal of Forestry research 2018年第1期29卷 215-220页

作者： Majid Lotfalian Mohammad Ali Akbari Gorji Seyed Ataollah Hoseini Maryam Kazemi department of Forestry Faculty of Natural Resources Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources Forestry Master of Science Graduates Faculty of Natural Resources Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources department of Forestry Faculty of Natural ResourcesTehran University

Amongst all forest utilization phases, harvesting plays a key role as the beginning phase of the utilization cycle and has a significant effect on the following *** this research, in order to examine the reduction of costs with respect to present and planned operations, the starting time of the harvesting or cutting phase and work flow were recorded. The starting time of each phase of the entire operation was recorded as well. Before harvesting the marked tree, the appropriate felling direction was determined and the azimuth of the correct direction was *** results indicate that there was not a meaningful relationship between the differences in direction of a leaning tree compared with the felling direction. However, there was a significant relationship between the difference of the defined and felling direction and the difference in tree leaning and defined direction. The same trend was observed between tree leaning and felling directions and tree leaning and defined directions. On the other hand,there was no significant relationship between tree leaning and felling directions and the defined and tree felling directions. In addition, this research shows that with an increase in tree volume, the time for tree cutting ***, when the difference of tree leaning and felling direction decreased, the time to cut the tree *** regression equation is Y = 168.9–0.14（the difference between tree leaning and felling direction）＋ 0.7（volume）.

关键词： Chainsaw Felling direction Cutting time Tree leaning direction

The distribution and frequency of damage to roadside trees in low-volume road construction

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Journal of Forestry research 2018年第1期29卷 221-226页

作者： Majid Lotfalian Mehran Nasiri department of Forestry Faculty of Natural Resources Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources

We investigated the distribution and frequency of damage to tree stands adjacent to low-volume roads according to the type of hillside materials involved（soil or rock） and hillside gradient in mountainous forests of northern Iran. A total of 80 plots were systematically and randomly sampled to record damaged trees（bending,crushing and wounding） by class of hillside gradient and materials at the edge of road. Tree wounding and crushing at rock slopes was significantly greater than at hillsides with a mix of clay soil（p ／ 0.05）. Damage on hillsides with slope gradients[45% were 2, 8.5 and 2.3 times more frequent than on hillsides with slope gradient／15% for bending, crushing and wounding, respectively. The damage distribution varied according by type and the most frequent damage was tree wounding（p ／ 0.05）. The damage distribution was measured at distances of 4, 5 and 8 m from the road fillslope for tree bending, crushing and wounding, respectively. Using hydraulic excavators and physical barriers（wooden obstruction and synthetic holder） during earthworks for road construction could reduce these damage.

关键词： Low-volume road construction Tree damage Hillside materials Gradient Distribution

The impact of Persian oak (Quercus brantii Lindl.) on soil characteristics in a declining forest

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Journal of Forestry research 2020年第6期31卷 2359-2366页

作者： Reza Soleimani Ahmad Hosseini Crop and Horticultural Science research department Ilam Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education CenterAREEOIlamIran Forests and Rangelands research department Ilam Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education CenterAREEOIlamIran

Root activity has an important impact on soil development but we have little knowledge of the interaction of the root zone and soil genetic *** aim of this investigation was to study the interactions between soil chemical characteristics and root zone processes in a declining Persian oak forest(Quercus brantii Lindl.).A randomized complete block design was used to investigate the long-term eff ect of Persian oak on soil horizons,and the chemical and biological properties in two soil zones(under and outside the canopy).Results indicate that the rhizosphere zone had signifi cantly higher total organic carbon(TOC)than outside the canopy soil in the upper soil *** subsurface horizons,water-extractable organic carbon values were signifi cantly higher in rhizosphere than in non-rhizospheric *** biomass carbon(MBC)values in the rhizospheric zone decreased from the fi rst to the second *** MBC/TOC ratio indicated signifi-cant diff erences between the rhizosphere and soils outside of the canopy,with the exception of the subsurface *** the subsurface horizon of the rhizosphere,there was greater respiration of organic carbon(ΣCO 2/TOC)than in outside of canopy *** addition,root processes infl uenced pH,nitrogen fractions,and availability of phosphorus,potassium,iron,zinc and *** erences in soil characteristics between rhizospheric and non-rhizospheric zones were signifi cant in surface horizons due to higher root density than in deeper soil *** fi ndings indicate that Persian oak(Quercus brantii Lindl.)roots infl uenced the main soil chemical properties,even in calcareous soils.

关键词： Declining forest Persian oak Rhizosphere Soil horizons

Assessment of soil erodibility and aggregate stability for different parts of a forest road

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Journal of Forestry research 2014年第1期25卷 193-200页

作者： Aidin Parsakhoo Majid Lotfalian Ataollah Kavian Seyed Ataollah Hosseini department of Forestry Faculty of Forest SciencesGorgan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University Associate Professors Department of ForestryFaculty of Natural ResourcesSari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University Assistant Professor Department of Watershed ManagementFaculty of Natural ResourcesSari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University

We measured erodibility and mean weight diameter （MWD） of soil aggregates in different parts of a forest road. Samples of topsoil were collected from cutslope, fillslope, road surface and forest ground to assess the texture, bulk density, moisture, CaCO3 and organic matter. Soil aggregate stability was determined by wet sieving. Soil erodibility on the road surface was 2.3 and 1.3 times higher than on the fillslope and cutslope, respectively. The forest soil had the lowest erodibility. Aggregate stability of cutslope and road surface were low and very low, respectively. There was a significant negative relationship between cutslope erodibility with CaCO3 and sand content. Cutslope erodibility increased with increasing silt, clay and moisture content. On fillslopes, MWD increased with in-creasing rock fragment cover, plant cover, litter cover, organic matter and sand. There was a strong negative correlation between fillslope erodibility and organic matter, sand and MWD. There was no significant difference between erodibility of bare soil and soils beneathRubus hyrcanusL. and Philonotis marchica （Hedw.） Brid.

关键词： road prism soil erodibility aggregate stability wet sieving Lat Talar forest

Effects of residue management and nitrogen fertilizer rates on accumulation of soil residual nitrate and wheat yield under no-tillage system in south-west of Iran

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International Soil and Water Conservation research 2021年第1期9卷 116-126页

作者： Majid Roozbeh Majid Rajaie Agricultural Engineering research department Darab Agricultural Research StationFars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education CenterAREEOIran Soil and Water research department Darab Agricultural Research StationFars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education CenterAREEOIran

Conservation tillage,residue management and optimizing nitrogen(N)fertilization are important stra-tegies for soil and water conservation and sustainability of agricultural *** order to evaluate the effects of various residue management methods and N fertilizer rates on some soil quality indicators,accumulation of residual soil nitrate,and wheat yield under no till system,a split-plot experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three *** plots were three residue management methods,including retaining(R.M1),removing(R.M2)and shredding(R.M3)of corn *** subplots consisted of four N fertilizer rates,100(N1),150(N2),200(N3),and 250(N4)kg N ha^(-1) from urea *** results showed that soil organic carbon and total N in R.M1 and R.M3 treatments increased at the depth of 0-15 cm as compared to *** maximum accumulation of soil nitrate was observed in R.M1 x N4 and R.M3 x N4 interactions at the soil depth of *** results of this study showed that R.M1 x N3 and R.M3 x N3 interactions had a greater impact on wheat yield than the sole effect of R.M1 or *** to our findings,application of 200 kg N ha^(-1) in combination with R.M1 which had once less tractor passing for mechanical shredding than R.M3,can contribute effectively to improve soil quality indicators,control soil residual nitrate and subsequently produce more wheat grain yield in the south-west of Iran.

关键词： No-tillage Corn residue Total nitrogen Nitrate accumulation Organic carbon

MODELING ON THE CYCLIC OPERATION OF STANDING COLUMN WELLS UNDER REGIONAL GROUNDWATER FLOW

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2011年第3期23卷 295-301页

作者： LEE Kun Sang department of natural resources and Environmental Engineering Hanyang University

Coupled hydrogeological-thermal simulation of the Standing Column Well （SCW） system is essential to provide an optimized configuration and operation schedule for boreholes on the site. This paper presents numerical investigations and thermo-hydraulic evaluation of standing column well system operating under cyclic flow regime. A three-dimensional numerical model for groundwater flow and heat transport is used to analyze the heat exchange in the ground. The model includes the effects of convective and conductive heat transfer, heat loss to the adjacent confining strata, and hydraulic anisotropy. The operation scenario consists of cyclic injection and recovery and four periods per year to simulate the seasonal temperature conditions. For different parameters of the system, performances have been evaluated in terms of variations in recovery temperature. The calculated temperatures at the producing pipe are relatively constant within a certain range through the year and fluctuating quarterly a year. Pipe-to-pipe distance, injection/production rate, ground thickness, and permeability considered in the model are shown to impact the predicted temperature profiles at each stage and the recovery water temperature. The influence of pressure gradient, which determines the velocity of regional groundwater flow, is most substantial.

关键词： standing column well thermo-hydraulic evaluation cyclic regime numerical simulation

Role of Ca^(2+) on Growth of Brassica campestris *** ***(L.) Czern & Coss under Na^+ Stress

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2010年第6期52卷 549-555页

作者： Badr-uz-Zaman M.Salim Rehana Asghar Land resources research Programme Institute of Natural Resources and Environmental SciencesNational Agricultural Research Centre department of Botany University of Arid Agriculture

Root and shoot growth of Brassica campestris L. and B. juncea increased significantly （P 〈 0.01） with enhanced Ca2＋ treatment along with 60 mM NaCl in the root medium. The maximum fresh mass of shoot and root in *** was recorded at 10 mM Ca2＋ concentration. The relative growth rate of shoot of both species reached its maximum at 8 mM of Ca2＋ concentration. Average rate of Ca2＋ intake （lCa） was higher in B. juncea than 6. campestris. In B. juncea, the average transport of Ca2＋ to shoot increased by 19%, 38%, 119%, 125% and 169% compared with the control. Furthermore specific utilization rate of Ca2＋ was higher in B. juncea than B. campestris. In B. campestris it increased by 9%, 32%, 41% and 59% at 4, 6, 8, and 10 mM of calcium in comparison to 2 mM Ca2＋ treatment. At 4, 6, 8 and 10 mM of Ca2＋ application, the increase in the leaf area ratio was 10,17, 23 and 30%, respectively. In the shoot and root portions of B. campestris and ***, Ca2＋ had a linear relationship with potassium and sulfur, whereas it was in antagonism with sodium ion.

关键词： Coss under Na Czern Stress