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Incident respiratory disease among youths using combustible tobacco,electronic nicotine products,or both:a longitudinal analysis

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2022年第11期18卷 786-790页

作者： Dharma N.Bhatta Ruchi Adhikari department of Community medicine Department of Medicine and EpidemiologyPeoples Dental CollegeTribhuvan UniversityKathmanduNepal General Dentistry School of DentistryUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA

The use of electronic nicotine products is rapidly evolving among the United States(US)youth.Electronic nicotine products produce and deliver thousands of pulmonary toxicants and iritants different from combustible tobacco[1,2].A review of human,animal,and in vitro experimental studics suggested that electronic nicotine product aerosols can negatively afect multiple aspects of lung cellular and organ physiology,and immune function[3,4].

关键词： tobacco nicotine analysis

Symptoms and comorbidities associated with abnormal levels of serum calcium,magnesium,and phosphate in the emergency department:a prospective observational study

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World Journal of Emergency medicine 2023年第1期14卷 59-61页

作者： Korsin Laohavisudhi Phichayut Phinyo Borwon Wittayachamnankul Boriboon Chenthanakij Theerapon Tangsuwanaruk Parinya Tianwibool Pavita Laohakul Wachira Wongtanasarasin department of Emergency medicine Faculty of MedicineChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand department of Family medicine Faculty of MedicineChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand Center for Clinical epidemiology and Clinical Statistics Faculty of MedicineChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand department of Emergency medicine University of California Davis School of MedicineSacramentoCalifornia 95817USA

Emergency departments(EDs)play a significant role in hospital healthcare systems.[1]According to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,130 million individuals visited the ED in 2018.[2]A previous study has demonstrated that unnecessary laboratory tests did not change the management plan.[3]These actions led to ED overcrowding,causing consequences to patient outcomes.

关键词： morbid magnesium prospective

Temporal Trends of Clinical Characteristics and Treatments in People Living with HIV at the Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy — Beijing Municipality, China, 2010–2020

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China CDC weekly 2023年第6期5卷 131-136,I0013页

作者： Jinjuan Zhang Mengge Zhou Peicheng Wang Duoduo Wang Yuanqi Mi Jufen Liu Feng Cheng Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Peking UniversityBeijing MunicipalityChina department of epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijing MunicipalityChina department of epidemiology and Biostatistics Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesSchool of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing MunicipalityChina School of medicine Tsinghua UniversityBeijing MunicipalityChina department of epidemiology Bloomberg School of Public HealthJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUSA

Summary What is already known about this topic?Antiretroviral therapy(ART)eligibility criteria and treatment regimens were updated in national guidelines.However,whether treatment was timely and followed guidelines wa... 详细信息

关键词： Therapy assessed Clinical

Evaluation of remote radiologist-interpreted point-of-care ultrasound for suspected dengue patients in a primary health care facility in Colombia

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2023年第5期12卷 45-57页

作者： Lyda Osorio Iñigo Prieto Daniela Zuluaga Deliana Ropero Neelesh Dewan Jonathan D.Kirsch epidemiology and Population Health Research Group(GESP) School of Public HealthUniversidad del ValleCaliColombia department of Radiology School of MedicineUniversidad del ValleCaliColombia Division of General Internal medicine Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisMN 55455USA department of Internal medicine University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA

Background Early identification of plasma leakage may guide treatment decisions in dengue patients.This study evaluated the value of point-of-care ultrasound(POCUS)to detect plasma leakage and predict hospitalization or referral to a higher level of care in suspected dengue patients under routine conditions at a primary care facility in Colombia.Methods We conducted a cohort study between April 2019 and March 2020 in a primary care hospital in Cali,Colombia.We prospectively included and followed 178 patients who were at least 2 years old with fever of less than 10 days and clinician-suspected dengue.A trained general practitioner performed a standardized POCUS protocol.Images were quality-rated and overread by an expert radiologist,and her results and those of the general practitioner were compared using the Kappa index.Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with plasma leakage at enrollment and explore its prognostic value regarding hospital admission or referral to a higher level of care.Results Half(49.6%)POCUS images were of suitable quality to be interpreted.The proportion of plasma leakage reported by the radiologist was 85.1%(95%CI:78.6-90.2%)and 47.2%by the study physician(Kappa=0.25,95%CI:0.15-0.35).The most frequent ultrasound findings were ascites(hepatorenal 87.2%,splenorenal 64%,or pelvic 21.8%)and gallbladder wall thickening(10.5%).Plasma leakage was higher in subjects with thrombocytopenia(aOR=4,95%CI:1.3-12.1)and lower in patients 30-59 years old(aOR=0.1,95%CI:0.0-0.4)than in those 18 years old or younger.POCUS evidence of plasma leakage(aOR=8.2,95%CI:2.2-29.9),thrombocytopenia(aOR=6.3,95%CI:2.4-16.0)and pulse pressure(aOR=1.1,95%CI:1.07-1.2)were associated with hospital admission or referral to a higher level of care.Conclusions Ultrasound is useful to detect plasma leakage in primary care and,challenges remain to guarantee high-quality images and diagnostic accuracy,for which a standardized dengue POCUS protocol and training program is needed.

关键词： Dengue Ultrasound Plasma leakage Primary care Colombia

Lung Cancer Risk Attributable to Active Smoking in China:A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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生物医学与环境科学:英文版 2023年第9期36卷 850-861页

作者： ZHAO Jian SHI Yu Lin WANG Yu Tong AI Fei Ling WANG Xue Wei YANG Wen Yi WANG Jing Xin AI Li Mei HU Kui Ru WAN Xia department of epidemiology and Biostatistics Institute of Basic Medical SciencesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences/School of Basic MedicinePeking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100005China

Objective No consensus exists on the relative risk(RR)of lung cancer(LC)attributable to active smoking in China.This study aimed to evaluate the unified RR of LC attributable to active smoking among the Chinese population.Methods A systematic literature search of seven databases was conducted to identify studies reporting active smoking among smokers versus nonsmokers in China.Primary articles on LC providing risk estimates with their 95%confidence intervals(CIs)for“ever”“former”or“current”smokers from China were selected.Meta-analysis was used to estimate the pooled RR of active smoking.Results Forty-four unique studies were included.Compared with that of nonsmokers,the pooled RR(95%CI)for“ever”“former”and“current”smokers were 3.26(2.79–3.82),2.95(1.71–5.08),and 5.16(2.58–10.34)among men,3.18(2.78–3.63),2.70(2.08–3.51),and 4.27(3.61–5.06)among women,and2.71(2.12–3.46),2.66(2.45–2.88),and 4.21(3.25–5.45)in both sexes combined,respectively.Conclusion The RR of LC has remained relatively stable(range,2–6)over the past four decades in China.Early quitting of smoking could reduce the RR to some extent;however,completely refraining from smoking is the best way to avoid its adverse effects.

关键词： Active smoking Chinese population Lung cancer Systematic review Meta-analysis

The Association between Exposure to Second-Hand Smoke and Disease in the Chinese Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2023年第1期36卷 24-37页

作者： WANG Yu Tong HU Kui Ru ZHAO Jian AI Fei Ling SHI Yu Lin WANG Xue Wei YANG Wen Yi WANG Jing Xin AILiMei WAN Xia department of epidemiology and Biostatistics Institute of Basic Medical SciencesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences/School of Basic MedicinePeking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100005China

Objective To analyze the association between exposure to second-hand smoke(SHS) and 23 diseases,categorized into four classifications, among the Chinese population.Methods We searched the literature up to June 30, 2021, and eligible studies were identified according to the PECOS format: Participants and Competitors(Chinese population), Exposure(SHS),Outcomes(Disease or Death), and Study design(Case-control or Cohort).Results In total, 53 studies were selected. The odds ratio(OR) for all types of cancer was 1.79(1.56–2.05), and for individual cancers was 1.92(1.42–2.59) for lung cancer, 1.57(1.40–1.76) for breast cancer, 1.52(1.12–2.05) for bladder cancer, and 1.37(1.08–1.73) for liver cancer. The OR for circulatory system diseases was 1.92(1.29–2.85), with a value of 2.29(1.26–4.159) for stroke. The OR of respiratory system diseases was 1.76(1.13–2.74), with a value of 1.82(1.07–3.11) for childhood asthma. The original ORs were also shown for other diseases. Subgroup analyses were performed for lung and breast cancer. The ORs varied according to time period and were significant during exposure in the household;For lung cancer, the OR was significant in women.Conclusion The effect of SHS exposure in China was similar to that in Western countries, but its definition and characterization require further clarification. Studies on the association between SHS exposure and certain diseases with high incidence rates are insufficient.

关键词： Second-hand smoke Chinese population Cancer Diseases of the respiratory system Diseases of the circulatory system Systematic review Meta-analysis

Detailing Losses in the M/M/1/1 Transient Loss System

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Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica 2018年第2期34卷 373-385页

作者： Pierpaolo FERRANTE National Workers Compensation Authority (INAIL) Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine Epidemiology and Hygiene (DiMEILA)

This paper is aimed at investigating the transient losses in the M/M/1/1 Erlang loss system. We evaluate the explicit form of the probability distribution of the number of losses in the time interval [0, t） and provide two alternative representations： one based on the iterated derivatives of hyperbolic sinus and cosine and the other on the spherical modified Bessel function of the second kind. The mathematical structures of the transient loss rate and of the transient probability of losing all customers are described and several analytical properties are derived.

关键词： transient losses transient loss rate Erlang bessel functions

Attempt to calculate the prevalence and features of chronic hepatitis C infection in Tuscany using administrative data

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第44期22卷 9829-9835页

作者： Caterina Silvestri Simone Bartolacci Pasquale Pepe Mirko Monnini Fabio Voller Francesco Cipriani Cristina Stasi Observatory of epidemiology Regional Health Agency of Tuscany department of Experimental and Clinical medicine University of Florence

AIM To evaluate this prevalence in Tuscan populations that was known and unknown to the Tuscan Regional Health Service in 2015.METHODS Tuscan Health administrative data were used to evaluate hepatitis C virus(HCV) infected people known to the Regional Health Service. Residents in Tuscany with a HCV exemption code(070.54) were identified. Using the universal code attributed to each resident, these patients were matched with hospital admission codes identified by the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision(ICD-9), Clinical Modification, and with codes for dispensing drugs to patients by local and hospital pharmacies. Individuals were considered only once. Capture-recapture analysis was used to evaluate the HCV-infected population unknown to the Regional Health Service.RESULTS In total, 14526 individuals were living on 31/12/2015 with an exemption code for HCV. In total, 9524 patients were treated with pegylated interferon + ribavirin and/or direct-acting antiviral drugs during the last 10 years, and 13879 total hospital admissions were noted in the last 15 years. After data linkage, the total number was 25918. After applying the Capture-Recapture analysis, the number of unknown HCV-infected people was 23497. Therefore, the total number of chronic HCVinfected people was 38643, excluding those achieved sustained virological response to previous treatment.CONCLUSION Our results show a prevalence of HCV infected people of 1%. Tuscan administrative data could be useful for calculating health care costs and health planning in the coming years.

关键词： Hepatitis C Public health Fibrosis Antiviral treatment epidemiology

Retinal nerve fiber layer changes based on historic CD4 nadir among HIV positive patients undergoing glaucoma evaluation

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2019年第5期12卷 789-794页

作者： Sarah H.Van Tassel Paul Petrakos Elizabeth Marlow Elizabeth Mauer Harjot K.Singh Anna M.Demetriades department of Ophthalmology Weill Cornell Medicine Division of Biostatistics and epidemiology Department of Healthcare Policy & ResearchWeill Cornell Medicine Division of Infectious Disease New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medicine

AIM: To determine relationships between retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL) thickness and nadir CD4 cell count in human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) positive patients evaluated for glaucoma suspicion.METHODS: Data were reviewed for 329 HIV positive patients evaluated for glaucoma suspicion. High-definition optical coherence tomography(OCT) RNFL measurements were obtained at least 6 mo apart. Analyses were performed to identify relationships between nadir CD4 count and RNFL thickness.RESULTS: Totally 110 eyes of 55 patients met inclusion criteria, of which 46 eyes were from subjects with nadir CD4<200 cells/mm^3 and 64 had nadir CD4≥200 cells/mm^3. Patients with nadir CD4<200 cells/mm^3 had significantly thicker superior(119.7±18.6 μm) and temporal(63.8±11.7 μm) quadrants at time of initial OCT compared to the superior(112.8±16.8 μm, P=0.048) and temporal(57.1±11.9 μm, P=0.004) quadrants of patients with higher nadir CD4. This trend toward thicker RNFL among subjects with lower nadir CD4 cell counts persisted at the time of follow up OCT where participants with nadir CD4<200 cells/mm^3 showed average RNFL thickness in the superior and temporal quadrants of 117.9±18.3 μm and 63.8±12.8 μm, respectively, compared to a superior thickness of 110.5±16.9 μm(P=0.034) and temporal thickness of 57.3±11.6 μm(P=0.007) among those with higher nadir CD4. CONCLUSION: Patients with lower nadir CD4 cell counts have thicker RNFL in the superior and temporal quadrants compared to those with higher nadir CD4 counts. RNFL thickness in HIV positive patients may be affected by historic HIV disease control and should be considered when evaluating HIV positive patients for glaucoma.

关键词： glaucoma glaucoma suspect human immunodeficiency virus retinal nerve fiber layer