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Comparative Efficacy of Lifestyle Modifications versus Pharmacotherapy on Weight Loss and Metabolic health Outcomes: A Comprehensive Review

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第7期12卷 17-29页

作者： Abiodun Omolara Aboaba Miracle Chinonso Okoro Okelue Edwards Okobi Ifeoluwa Mary Falade Omosefe Enibokun Ogbeifun Shalom Katas Kingsley Agbodike Uvieroghene Peter Ogbebor Moriamo Adedoyin Fashugba School of Medicine Avalon University Willemstad Curaao College of Medicine Imo State University Owerri Nigeria department of Family Medicine Larkin Community Hospital Palm Spring Campus Miami FL USA department of Medicine Mersey and West Lancashire Teaching Hospitals Rainhill UK department of Family Medicine University of Alabama Birmingham AL USA College of Medicine International University of the Health Sciences (IUHS) Basseterre Saint Kitts and Nevis department of Internal Medicine Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife Nigeria department of Family Medicine Madonna University Elele Nigeria department of Internal Medicine University of Science Arts and Technology Olveston Montserrat

Background: Obesity has become a serious global public health challenge, given that it leads to various adverse health outcomes that include cardiovascular illnesses, diabetes, and certain types of cancer. The World health Organization (WHO) has estimated that, at the end of 2022, 1 out of every 8 individuals were obese, and that the global adult obesity rates have over doubled since 1990, even as the adolescent obesity rates have quadrupled. Thus, as of 2022, nearly 2.5 billion adults, aged 18 years and above, were overweight, with 890 million being obese. Obesity and overweight incidence rate has been gradually increasing over the years, presenting significant challenges to the healthcare systems throughout the globe. In this regard, the objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of lifestyle modifications (diet and physical activity) and pharmacotherapy in promoting weight loss and improving metabolic health in overweight adults. Methodology: To attain the above stated study objective, a systematic evaluation of previous studies was carried out, particularly studies that assessed the effectiveness and safety of lifestyle modifications (diet and physical activity) and pharmacotherapy in promoting weight loss and improving metabolic health in overweight adults. The authors have used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) in the selection of eligible studies for inclusion in the study. Results: The findings indicate that lifestyle interventions resulted in 5% - 10% weight reduction and significant improvements in metabolic indicators, while pharmacotherapy (GLP-1 receptor agonists) achieved up to 15% weight reduction and considerable metabolic health benefits. Further, comparative studies show lifestyle modifications provide overall health benefits, while medication is necessary for non-responders. Conclusion: Individualized treatment strategies are crucial, and further research is needed

关键词： Obesity Overweight Weight Loss Pharmacotherapy Glucose Metabolism Disorders

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Long-term outcomes in COVID-19 patients who recovered from the first wave of the pandemic

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National science Review 2022年第11期9卷 87-96页

作者： Dan Cui Simiao Chen Luzhao Feng Mengmeng Jia Yeming Wang Weijun Xiao Yanxia Sun Qiangru Huang Libing Ma Zhiwei Leng Hao Wang Bin Cao Weizhong Yang Juntao Yang Chen Wang department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin Medical University department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine National Center for Respiratory Medicine Center of Respiratory MedicineNational Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases China-Japan Friendship Hospital Heidelberg Institute of Global health Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Heidelberg University School of Population Medicine and public health Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &Peking Union Medical College department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University Institute of Respiratory Medicine Chinese Academy of Medical Science State Key Laboratory of medical Molecular Biology Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyInstitute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College

This cross-sectional study evaluated the long-term health effects of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)in Jianghan District(Wuhan, China). The results showed that 61.4% of COVID-19 patients reported at least one symptom and 8.8% had depressive symptoms at the 17-month follow-up. The proportion of patients with chest radiographic abnormalities in Fangcang shelter hospitals and designated COVID-19hospitals was 31.6% and 41.1%, respectively, and the proportion of patients with impaired pulmonary diffusion capacity in these hospitals was 52.8% and 60.9%, respectively. Female sex(odds ratio[OR] = 1.48, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.16–1.88), severe disease(OR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.01–2.10)and a higher number of initial symptoms(OR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.23–1.40) were associated with the development of sequelae symptoms at 17 months. This study involving community-dwelling COVID-19adults may help determine the long-term effects of COVID-19 during the first pandemic ***, larger follow-up studies are needed to characterize the post-COVID-19 condition.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 post-COVID-19 syndrome follow-up studies

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Impact of sleep on gastrointestinal cancer

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2024年第6期15卷 677-683页

作者： Joshua Lo Pahnwat T Taweesedt Makoto Kawai department of Internal Medicine Santa Clara Valley Medical CenterSan JoseCA 95128United States department of Psychiatry and Behavioral sciences Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305United States Sierra Pacific Mental Illness Research Educationand Clinical Center(MIRECC)VA Palo Alto Health Care SystemPalo AltoCA 94304United States department of Psychiatry and Behavioral sciences School of MedicineStanford UniversityRedwood CityCA 94063United States

Sleep problems have become a significant public health concern,affecting a large portion of the global population and have been linked to increased morbidity and *** incidence of gastrointestinal(GI)cancers continues to rise,posing a substantial burden on healthcare systems *** editorial aims to delve into the impact of sleep on GI cancers,including esophageal,gastric,colorectal,hepatobiliary,and pancreatic *** literature investigating the potential connections between GI cancers and sleep was *** considered aspects such as sleep duration,sleep disorders,and circadian rhythmicity,in order to explore the underlying mechanisms that can contribute to the development of GI cancers and propose avenues for future research.

关键词： Sleep Cancer Gastrointestinal cancer Esophagus Stomach Colon Liver

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Clinical Trials of Respiratory Virus Infections: How to Address Challenges and Prepare for the Future

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Infectious Diseases & Immunity 2024年第3期4卷 101-102页

作者： Jingwen Ai Wenhong Zhang department of Infectious Diseases Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency ResponseNational Medical Center for Infectious DiseasesHuashan HospitalShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai 200040China Shanghai Sci-Tech InnoCenter for Infection and Immunity Shanghai 20052China Institute of Infection and health Fudan UniversityShanghai 200040China.

*** Prior to the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)outbreak,the only antiviral treatment widely used in clinical settings was for ***,following the global pandemic,there has been renewed research interest in medications for respiratory viral *** trials of antiviral medications often need to consider multiple dimensions because of the significant differences in disease severity among *** example,during respiratory viral epidemic seasons,the clinical spectrum of diseases is usually complex,including asymptomatic infections,symptomatic infections(mild to moderate without hospitalization),severe cases(requiring hospitalization),and fatalities.

关键词： Clinical respiratory clinical

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Cellular changes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in hyperoxiainduced lung injury

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Frontiers of Medicine 2008年第4期2卷 370-373页

作者： Xinbiao HE Wei ZHAO department of Emergency The Second HospitalTianjin Medical UniversityTianjin 300211China Institute of public health Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjin 300070China

It is well known that high concentration oxy-gen exposure is a model of acute lung injury(ALI).However,controversy exists over the *** study was designed to clarify the cellular characteristics in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)and body weight loss of rats exposed to oxygen(.90%).Young male Wistar rats,aged 6 weeks,were divided into three groups:(1)room air group(exposed to room air,n 522);(2)hyperoxia,48 h group(exposed to over 90%oxygen for less than 48 h,n 518);(3)hyperoxia 66–72 h group(exposed to over 90%oxygen for 66–72 h group,n 57).Compared to the room air group,the total cell counts in the hyperoxia 66–72 h group decreased,whereas the neu-trophils increased *** body weights of the rats exposed to room air continued to ***,the body weights of oxygen-exposed rats increased slightly on the first day and weight loss was seen from the second *** rats were noted to have bilateral pleural effusion in the hyperoxia 66–72 h *** data suggests that(1)an increase in neutrophil count is an evident feature of hyperoxia-induced lung injury;(2)high concentration oxygen exposure can give rise to anorexia and malnutri-tion,which may play a role in hyperoxia-induced lung *** neutrophil influx into lung tissue in the early phase and improving malnutrition are two effective methods to reduce hyperoxic lung injury.

关键词： bronchoalveolar lavage fluid neutrophil acute lung injury

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Concomitant atypical knee gout and seronegative rheumatoid arthritis:A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第22期12卷 5245-5252页

作者： Zhou-Yi Chen Min-Hua Ou-Yang Shao-Wei Li Rui Ou Zhi-Huang Chen Song Wei department of Chinese Medicine General Hospital of Southern Theater CommandGuangzhou 510010Guangdong ProvinceChina science and Technology Innovation Center Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhou 510405Guangdong ProvinceChina The Second Clinical medical College Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhou 510405Guangdong ProvinceChina department of Gout Guangdong Hydropower HospitalGuangzhou 511340Guangdong ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Gout and seronegative rheumatoid arthritis(SNRA)are two distinct inflammatory joint diseases whose co-occurrence is relatively infrequently *** information is available regarding the clinical management and prognosis of these combined *** SUMMARY A 57-year-old woman with a 20-year history of joint swelling,tenderness,and morning stiffness who was negative for rheumatoid factor and had a normal uric acid level was diagnosed with *** initial regimen of methotrexate,leflunomide,and celecoxib alleviated her symptoms,except for those associated with the *** symptom recurrence after medication cessation,her regimen was updated to include iguratimod,methotrexate,methylprednisolone,and folic acid,but her knee issues *** invasive needle-knife scope therapy revealed proliferating pannus and needle-shaped crystals in the knee,indicating coexistent SNRA and atypical knee *** postarthroscopic surgery to remove the synovium and urate crystals,and following a tailored regimen of methotrexate,leflunomide,celecoxib,benzbromarone,and allopurinol,her knee symptoms were significantly alleviated with no recurrence observed over a period of more than one year,indicating successful management of both *** This study reports the case of a patient concurrently afflicted with atypical gout of the knee and SNRA and underscores the significance of minimally invasive joint techniques as effective diagnostic and therapeutic tools in the field of rheumatology and immunology.

关键词： Arthroscopic debridement Minimally invasive diagnostic techniques Seronegative rheumatoid arthritis Atypical knee gout Case report

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Postcoital Administration of Asoprisnil Inhibited Embryo Implantation and Disturbed Ultrastructure of Endometrium in Implantation Window in Mice

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Journal of Huazhong University of science and Technology(medical sciences) 2013年第2期33卷 277-283页

作者：吴晓丽余志红仇君杨宜红沈小力苏萍 The Family Planning Research Institute Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology department of Pharmacy Wuhan Centre Hospital department of Maternal and Child health Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology

Asoprisnil, a member of the selective progesterone receptor modulators, exerts high proges- terone receptor selectivity, endometrial targeted advantages and significant anti-implantation effect in rats. The purpose of this study was to confirm the anti-implantation effect of asoprisil, investigate the ultrastructural changes of the peri-implantation endometrium in mice and explore the effect of asoprisnil on endometrial receptivity and its targeted contraceptive proficiency. Post-coitus mice were adminis- tered with different dosages （0.2, 0.1, 0.05 mg·g^-1·day^-1） of asoprisnil from day 1 of pregnancy to day 3. Then 3 animals in each group were killed on day 5 of pregnancy, and uteri were collected to examine the ultrastructural changes of endometria under a transmission electron microscope （TEM）. A total of 80 animals were sacrificed on day 8 of pregnancy, and the uterine horns were examined for the presence or absence of nidation sites and the number of implantation embryos. The results showed that the implan- tation rate and the average number of implantation embryos in asoprisnil groups were statistically sig- nificantly decreased as compared with the vehicle control group （P〈0.05）. The TEM results revealed that, in vehicle control group, the tight junction between the luminal epithelia cells was short and straight, the gap was wide; the luminal epithelia cells were covered with plenty of short, clavate and neatly arranged microvilli; the endometril stromal cells were large with plenty of cytoplasm, and showed significant decidual change; there was more than one nucleus in stromal cells, and the karyotheca was integrity. In low dosage and high dosage asoprisnil groups, the tight junction was longer and more curve than in the vehicle control group; microvilli were uneven and asymmetrically distrib- uted in luminal epithelia; the stromal cells were small and the decidual change was not significant; there were karyopyknosis and karyolysis in stromal cells; there w

关键词： Asoprisnil anti-implantation tight junction

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Permittivity and permeability of pentagon configuration molecules with different symmetry breaking and their applications

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science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2017年第7期60卷 25-31页

作者： Yao Shen YuZhu Chen School of Forensic science People's Public Security University of China department of Physics Tianjin University

In nature, some molecules have broken conjugate symmetry configurations, which might result in a special optical phenomenon called negative refraction. Under such circumstances, both permittivity and permeability are negative simultaneously. When light at certain frequency is transmitted through a transparent medium(e.g., slide glass) in which a psychoactive drug with negative indexes has been deposited, the refracted light is detected at different locations in the transparent medium. This is because the refracted light travels in a direction opposite to the expected path when it passes through material with a negative index. Using this method, it is possible to distinguish synthetic cannabinoids from other abusive psychoactive drugs in the UV-vis region. In this study, we use a tight-binding model to calculate the permittivity and permeability of pentagonal configurations with different broken symmetries. Furthermore, a qualitative analysis of the negative refraction with respect to heptagonal models is discussed.

关键词： optics negative refraction conjugate configuration

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Clinical significance of serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptor in biliary disease and carcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第8期11卷 1167-1171页

作者： Munechika Enjoji Makoto Nakamuta Koji Yamaguchi Satoshi Ohta Kazuhiro Kotoh Marie Fukushima Masami Kuniyoshi Tomomi Yamada Masao Tanaka Hajime Nawata department of Medicine and Bioregulatory science department of Surgery and Oncology medical Information science

AIM: To investigate the clinical significance of serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and soluble VEGF receptor-1 (VEGFRl/Flt-1) (sVEGFR1) levels in biliary diseases. METHODS: We analyzed the serum levels of these proteins in patients with acute cholangitis (group 1), biliary malignancies (group 2), and primary biliary cirrhosis or primary sclerosing cholangitis (group 3), and in healthy donors (group 4). The influence of inflammation was also analyzed. Serum VEGF levels were expressed as VEGF per platelet (VEGF/PLT, pg/106) in order to exclude the influence of platelet counts. RESULTS: sVEGFRl levels were significantly higher in groups 1 and 2 than in the control group, but did not correlate with inflammatory markers. VEGF/PLT levels were generally higher in patients with active inflammation than in those with carcinoma. C-reactive protein strongly correlated with the levels of serum VEGF independently of platelet and leukocyte counts, even in cancer patients. In cancer patients, VEGF/PLT and sVEGFRl levels might be indicators for evaluating the effect of medical treatment or the disease progression. CONCLUSION: Serum VEGF and VEGFR1 might be useful markers for gauging the clinical effect of various treatments on patients.

关键词： VEGF VEGFRl Cholangiocarcinoma Cholangitis

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Interleukin-10 concentration-dependently impairs the biophysical characteristics and motility of mature dendritic cells

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医用生物力学 2013年第S1期28卷 89-90页

作者： Xiaoli Xu Hui Xue Weijuan Yao Zhu Zeng department of Biotechnology School of Medical BioengineeringGuiyang Medical College department of Biophysics Health Science CenterPeking University

Tumor microenvironment is composed of the tumor cells,stromal cells,microvascular tissue fluid,constitute small amount of infiltrating cells and *** recent years,more and more evidence that tumor microenvironment play an important role in *** cells,immune cells and other mesenchymal cells interact and create an immunosuppressive microenvironment through a variety of immunosuppressive factors which vascular endothelial growth factor（VEGF）,transformed growth factor-β1（TGF-β1）and interleukin-10（IL-10）),which suppress immunology functions and promote tumor cells to escape immune surveillance,ultimately leading to tumor growth and *** cells（DCs）,the most potent antigen presenting cell as now known,play a key role in the anti-tumor immune *** pre-

关键词： Interleukin microvascular infiltrating immunology interleukin surveillance cytokines ultimately suppress mature

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