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Resurgence of measles virus infection in an eliminated country, Sri Lanka

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2024年第5期17卷 208-213页

作者： Merennage Anusha Yasanthi Fernando Gankandage Prabhath Chathuranga Kaanthaka Gunaradha Abeygunasekara Dedunu Dias Weligamage Janaki Indira Abeynayake department of medical microbiology and Immunology Faculty of MedicineUniversity of ColomboSri Lanka department of virology Medical Research InstituteColombo 08Sri Lanka department of medical Administration Medical Research InstituteColombo 08Sri Lanka

Objective:To describe the situation of measles in Sri Lanka from May to November,2023 and to define the role of virology laboratory towards case confirmation and epidemiological and genetic characterization of the ***:This retrospective study analyzed all samples tested for measles from 1st of May to 30th of November,2023 at National Measles Rubella Laboratory,Sri *** to the World Health Organization(WHO)algorithm,serum and oropharyngeal/nasopharyngeal swabs were tested with WHO recommended kits for anti-measles IgM and measles virus specific RNA,*** RNA positive samples were sequenced at reference laboratory,*** of sequencing data and construction of phylogenetic tree were carried out at National Measles Rubella *** was analyzed using descriptive ***:Of the total 1132 serum samples and 497 oropharyngeal/nasopharyngeal swabs from 1326 patients,657(49.5%)patients were confirmed as measles by anti-measles IgM,measles virus specific RNA or ***(55.6%,n=365)and the age group from>20 to≤30 years(33.0%,n=217)predominated positive *** provinces reported measles positive *** samples sequenced(100%,n=42)were genotype D8 with 95.2%(n=40)bearing *** ***:We described resurgence of measles in an eliminated country,confirming the genotype to be D8,one of the two genotypes currently circulating ***,the study strongly convinced the importance of a strengthened virological surveillance system in an eliminated country,despite its eliminated status.

关键词： Measles elimination Resurgence of measles Sri Lanka Genotype D8 National Measles Rubella Laboratory

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Polio eradication surveillance in Sri Lanka,2019-2023

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2024年第6期17卷 268-272页

作者： M.A.Y.Fernando N.S.Madarasinghe C.Rangana N.Weerasinghe D.C.U.D.Weligamage J.I.Abeynayake department of medical microbiology and Immunology Faculty of MedicineUniversity of ColomboSri Lanka department of virology Medical Research InstituteColombo 08Sri Lanka medical Research Institute Colombo 08Sri Lanka

Objective:To evaluate the polio laboratory surveillance carried out from January,2019 to May,2023 by the Polio Regional Reference Laboratory,Sri ***:This retrospective study analyzed all stool samples received under the acute flaccid paralysis(AFP)and immunodeficient vaccine-derived poliovirus(VDPV)surveillance at Polio Regional Reference Laboratory,Sri Lanka from January,2019 to May,*** results of the testing methodologies were extracted from the laboratory data system,i.e.,poliovirus virus isolation,intra-typic differentiation/VDPV real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(ITD/VDPV rRTPCR)and sequencing,along with the data on timing of reporting results,stool adequacy and *** was analyzed using descriptive ***:A total of 2141 stool samples from 1644 cases were received for AFP surveillance from Sri Lanka(93.61%),Maldives(1.52%),and immunodeficient VDPV(4.86%)*** polioviruses(19/1644,1.15%)and non-polio enteroviruses(73/1644,4.44%)were isolated,while Sabin-like 3 virus was detected in majority(12/19,63.15%)among the poliovirus *** polioviruses or circulating VDPVs were not detected among the *** all years of the study,the non-polio AFP detection rate was>1/100000 in children aged less than 15 years,whereas stool adequacy rate was>80%.All results were reported within 14 days of receipt,ensuring timely reporting as per global ***:The Polio Regional Reference Laboratory,Sri Lanka plays a vital role in maintaining the polio-free status in the country through its robust laboratory surveillance,while adhering to the surveillance ***-detection of wild polioviruses and circulating VDPV during the study period reinforces the polio-free status in the country.

关键词： Poliovirus Polio laboratory surveillance Regional reference laboratory Polio eradication

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Ancient dormant virus remnant ERVW-1 drives ferroptosis via degradation of GPX4 and SLC3A2 in schizophrenia

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Virologica Sinica 2024年第1期39卷 31-43页

作者： Dongyan Zhang Xiulin Wu Xing Xue Wenshi Li Ping Zhou Zhao Lv Kexin Zhao Fan Zhu State Key Laboratory of virology and department of medical microbiology School of Basic Medical SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430071China Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy&Immunology Wuhan UniversityWuhan430071China

Human endogenous retroviruses(HERVs)are remnants of retroviral infections in human germline cells from millions of years *** these,ERVW-1(also known as HERV-W-ENV,ERVWE1,or ENVW)encodes the envelope protein of the HERV-W family,which contributes to the pathophysiology of ***,neuropathological studies have revealed cell death and disruption of iron homeostasis in the brains of individuals with ***,our bioinformatics analysis showed that differentially expressed genes in the human prefrontal cortex RNA microarray dataset(GSE53987)were mainly related to ferroptosis and its associated *** data demonstrated significantly lower expression levels of ferroptosis-related genes,particularly Glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4)and solute carrier family 3 member 2(SLC3A2),in schizophrenia patients compared to normal *** in-depth analyses revealed a significant negative correlation between ERVW-1 expression and the levels of GPX4/SLC3A2 in *** indicated that ERVW-1 increased iron levels,malondialdehyde(MDA),and transferrin receptor protein 1(TFR1)expression while decreasing glutathione(GSH)levels and triggering the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential,suggesting that ERVW-1 can induce *** research has shown that ERVW-1 reduced the expression of GPX4 and SLC3A2 by inhibiting their promoter ***,Ferrostatin-1(Fer-1),the ferroptosis inhibitor,reversed the iron accumulation and mitochondrial membrane potential loss,as well as restored the expressions of ferroptosis markers GSH,MDA,and TFR1 induced by *** conclusion,ERVW-1 could promote ferroptosis by downregulating the expression of GPX4 and SLC3A2,revealing a novel mechanism by which ERVW-1 contributes to neuronal cell death in schizophrenia.

关键词： ERVW-1 Glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4) Solute carrier family 3 member 2(SLC3A2) Ferroptosis Schizophrenia

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Single-cell RNA sequencing to understand host-virus interactions

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Virologica Sinica 2024年第1期39卷 1-8页

作者： Jia-Tong Chang Li-Bo Liu Pei-Gang Wang Jing An department of microbiology School of Basic Medical SciencesCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100069China

Single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)has allowed for the profiling of host and virus transcripts and host-virus interactions at single-cell *** review summarizes the existing scRNA-seq technologies together with their strengths and *** applications of scRNA-seq in various virological studies are discussed in depth,which broaden the understanding of the immune atlas,host-virus interactions,and immune ***-seq can be widely used for virology in the near future to better understand the pathogenic mechanisms and discover more effective therapeutic strategies.

关键词： Single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq) Host-virus interaction COVID-19 Flavivirus

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Endogenous retrovirus activation: potential for immunology and clinical applications

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National Science Review 2024年第4期11卷 21-23页

作者： Jundan Yu Peishan Qiu Jingwen Ai Bo Liu Guan-Zhu Han Fan Zhu Wenhong Zhang Jie Cui department of Infectious Diseases Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases Huashan Hospital Shanghai Medical College Fudan University CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular virology &Immunology Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai Huashen Institute of Microbes and Infections College of Life Sciences Nanjing Normal University State Key Laboratory of virology and department of medical microbiology School of Basic Medical SciencesWuhan University The Institute of Infection and Health Research Fudan University Key Laboratory of medical Molecular virology(MOE/MOH) Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan University Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center

Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs), the remnants of ancient retrovirus infections, constitute approximately 8% of the human genome and play important roles in human evolution, development,and diseases. Multiple drugs, such as DNA methyltransferase inhibitors and lysine-specific histone demethylase 1inhibitors, reactivate ERVs, induce viral mimicry and trigger innate immune responses to enhance tumor immunogenicity.

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Role of gut-liver axis and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in the treatment of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第23期30卷 2964-2980页

作者： Jakub Rochoń Piotr Kalinowski Ksenia Szymanek-Majchrzak MichałGrąt department of General Transplant and Liver SurgeryMedical University of WarsawWarsaw 02-097Poland department of medical microbiology Medical University of WarsawWarsaw 02-004Poland

Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)is a hepatic manifestation of the metabolic *** is one of the most common liver diseases worldwide and shows increasing prevalence rates in most *** is a progressive disease with the most severe cases presenting as advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis with an increased risk of hepatocellular *** microbiota play a significant role in the pathogenesis and progression of MAFLD by disrupting the gut-liver *** mechanisms involved in maintaining gut-liver axis homeostasis are *** critical aspect involves preserving an appropriate intestinal barrier permeability and levels of intestinal lumen metabolites to ensure gutliver axis *** increase in intestinal barrier permeability induces metabolic endotoxemia that leads to ***,alterations in the absorption of various metabolites can affect liver metabolism and induce liver steatosis and ***-like peptide-1 receptor agonists(GLP-1 RAs)are a class of drugs developed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes *** are also commonly used to combat obesity and have been proven to be effective in reversing hepatic *** mechanisms reported to be involved in this effect include an improved regulation of glycemia,reduced lipid synthesis,β-oxidation of free fatty acids,and induction of autophagy in hepatic ***,multiple peptide receptor agonists have been introduced and are expected to increase the effectiveness of the treatment.A modulation of gut microbiota has also been observed with the use of these drugs that may contribute to the amelioration of *** review presents the current understanding of the role of the gutliver axis in the development of MAFLD and use of members of the GLP-1 RA family as pleiotropic agents in the treatment of MAFLD.

关键词： Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis Metabolic syndrome Obesity Gastrointestinal microbiota Glucagon-like peptide-1 Glucagon-like peptide-2 Bariatric surgery

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Screening of Rodents from Rural Communities of Lagos and Ogun State Nigeria of Lassa Virus RNA

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Open Journal of medical microbiology 2024年第2期14卷 120-130页

作者： Fatai Sarafa Emmanuel Tochukwu Onyeje Joseph Ojonugwa Shaibu Olumuyiwa Babalola Salu Rosemary Ajuma Audu Sunday Aremu Omilabu department of medical microbiology and Parasitology College of Medicine University of Lagos Lagos Nigeria Centre for Human virology and Genomics Research Microbiology Department Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Lagos Nigeria Centre for Human and Zoonotic virology Central Research Laboratory and Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology College of Medicine University of Lagos Lagos Nigeria

Background: In recent times, there has been an increase in the number of Lassa fever cases resulting from the several episodes of Lassa fever epidemics ravaging Nigeria and other West African countries. The presence of Lassa virus in rodents other than the major reservoir (Mastomys natalensis) has been a public health concern as to the actual burden of the disease. It is therefore of a public health necessity to explore the LASV RNA habouring potential of several species of rodents in endemic as well as non-endemic areas for proper prevention of emergence of outbreaks in non-endemic areas. Objectives: The aim of this study was to detect the presence of LASV RNA in different species of rodents in Ikorodu, Lagos state and Abeokuta, Ogun state. Methods: A total of ninety one (91) rodents were captured from Ikorodu, Lagos State (61 rodents) and Abeokuta, Ogun State (30 rodents), euthanized, bled, and plasma obtained for the detection of LASV RNA by Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction. Results: A total of 91 rodents consisting of 77 Rattus rattus and 14 Crocidura spp. The S segment of LASV RNA was not in any of the 91 rodents’ plasma samples. Conclusion: The rodents captured within the rural communities of Ikorodu, Lagos State and Abeokuta, Ogun State were found not to habour the LASV RNA. This study is limited by the relatively small sample size. Similar studies should be encouraged both in endemic and non-endemic areas in order to understand the actual burden of Lassa fever as well as put into check future epidemics.

关键词： Lassa Virus Lassa Fever Mastomys natalensis Transmission Lagos State Ogun State

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Eliciting CD4-mimicking broadly neutralizing antibodies:new avenues towards the rational design of an HIV vaccine

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第3期9卷 836-838页

作者： Frauke Muecksch Oliver T.Fackler department of Infectious Diseases Heidelberg UniversityMedical Faculty HeidelbergVirologyCenter for Integrative Infectious Disease Research(CIID)HeidelbergGermany Chica and Heinz Schaller(CHS)Research Group Department of Infectious DiseasesVirologyUniversity Hospital HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany department of Infectious Diseases Heidelberg UniversityMedical Faculty HeidelbergIntegrative VirologyCenter for Integrative Infectious Disease Research(CIID)HeidelbergGermany German Centre for Infection Research(DZIF) Partner Site HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany

In a study recently published in Cell,Saunders et *** that a new anti-HIV vaccine triggers antibody responses resembling CD4-binding site broadly neutralizing antibody precursors in rhesus macaques.1 This study provid... 详细信息

关键词： al. vaccine rational

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Aspergillus niger prolyl endopeptidase in celiac disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第24期30卷 3044-3047页

作者： Marica Colella Concetta Cafiero Raffaele Palmirotta Interdisciplinary department of Medicine Section of Microbiology and VirologyUniversity of Bari“Aldo Moro”Bari 70124Italy Area of Molecular Pathology Anatomic Pathology UnitFabrizio Spaziani HospitalFrosinone 03100Italy

We comment here on the article by Stefanolo et al entitled“Effect of Aspergillus niger prolyl endopeptidase in patients with celiac disease on a long-term gluten-free diet”,published in the World Journal of *** disease is a well-recognized systemic autoimmune *** genetically susceptible people,the most evident damage is located in the small intestine,and is caused and worsened by the ingestion of *** that reason,celiac patients adopt a gluten-free diet(GFD),but it has some limitations,and it does not prevent re-exposure to *** aims to develop adjuvant therapies,and one of the most studied alternatives is supplementation with Aspergillus niger prolyl endopeptidase protease(AN-PEP),which is able to degrade gluten in the stomach,reducing its concentration in the small *** study found a high adherence to the GFD,but did not address AN-PEP as a gluten immunogenic peptide reducer,as it was only tested in patients following a GFD and not in gluten-exposing *** study opens up new research perspectives in this area and shows that further study is needed to clarify the points that are still in doubt.

关键词： Celiac disease Aspergillus niger prolyl endoprotease Gluten immunogenic peptides Trial Symptoms Real-life trial

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Jiangsen Mao:a pioneer in Chinese hepatitis A vaccine and interferon research,a virologist at the forefront of times

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Protein & Cell 2024年第1期15卷 1-5页

作者： Huan Liu Kunlan Zuo Zongzhen Wu Hao Cheng University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026China State Key Laboratory of virology Wuhan 430072China Institute of microbiology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

There is a renowned virologist who dedicated his life to virology and medicine *** has made important contributions to the study of Chinese polio and hepatitis A vaccines,interferons,and the theory of viral reverse *** invented a live attenuated vaccine for hepatitis A(H2 strain)in the late 1970s,which contributed to the prevention of hepatitis A epidemics in China and earned him the title"Hepatitis A Eradicator"He said.

关键词： prevention hepatitis vaccine

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