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Developing ChatGPT for biology and medicine: a complete review of biomedical question answering

Biophysics Reports 2024年第3期10卷 152-171页

作者： Qing Li Lei Li Yu Li department of Computer Science and Engineering the Chinese University of Hong Kong

ChatGPT explores a strategic blueprint of question answering(QA) to deliver medical diagnoses, treatment recommendations, and other healthcare support. This is achieved through the increasing incorporation of medical domain data via natural language processing(NLP) and multimodal paradigms. By transitioning the distribution of text, images, videos, and other modalities from the general domain to the medical domain, these techniques have accelerated the progress of medical domain question answering(MDQA). They bridge the gap between human natural language and sophisticated medical domain knowledge or expert-provided manual annotations, handling large-scale, diverse, unbalanced, or even unlabeled data analysis scenarios in medical contexts. Central to our focus is the utilization of language models and multimodal paradigms for medical question answering, aiming to guide the research community in selecting appropriate mechanisms for their specific medical research *** tasks such as unimodal-related question answering, reading comprehension, reasoning, diagnosis, relation extraction, probability modeling, and others, as well as multimodal-related tasks like vision question answering, image captioning, cross-modal retrieval, report summarization, and generation, are discussed in detail. Each section delves into the intricate specifics of the respective method under consideration. This paper highlights the structures and advancements of medical domain explorations against general domain methods, emphasizing their applications across different tasks and datasets. It also outlines current challenges and opportunities for future medical domain research,paving the way for continued innovation and application in this rapidly evolving field. This comprehensive review serves not only as an academic resource but also delineates the course for future probes and utilization in the field of medical question answering.

关键词： ChatGPT medical question answering Nature language processing Multimodal paradigms Large language models

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Hippocampal overexpression of TREM2 ameliorates high fat diet induced cognitive impairment and modulates phenotypic polarization of the microglia

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Genes & Diseases 2022年第2期9卷 401-414页

作者： Min Wu Maolin Liao Rongfeng Huang Chunxiu Chen Tian Tian Hongying Wang Jiayu Li Jibin Li Yuxiang Sun Chaodong Wu Qifu Li Xiaoqiu Xiao department of Endocrinology The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016PR China The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Major Metabolic Diseases The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016PR China department of Nutrition and Food hygiene School of Public Health and ManagementChongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016PR China department of Neurology Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangGuizhou 550004PR China department of Nutrition and Food Science Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA

Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and Alzheimer's disease(AD)share several common pathophysiological *** variants of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2(TREM2)increase the risk of developing AD,suggesting the involvement of TREM2 and innate immunity in AD *** is still unknown whether TREM2 is related to cognitive impairment in ***,we investigated the effects of the hippocampal overexpression of TREM2 on cognitive in long-term high-fat diet(HFD)-fed *** C57BL/6J mice were maintained on HFD for 50 ***2 was overexpressed in the hippocampus 36 weeks after HFD feeding using adeno-associated virus vector(AAV)-mediated gene *** results showed that the HFD feeding induced rapid and persistent weight gain,glucose intolerance and significant impairments in learning and *** with AAV-con,AAV-TREM2 significantly ameliorated cognitive impairment without altering body weight and glucose homeostasis in HFD *** overexpression of TREM2 upregulated the synaptic proteins spinophilin,PSD95 and synaptophysin,suggesting the improvement in synaptic *** complexity and spine density in the CA1 region were rescued after TREM2 ***,TREM2 markedly increased the number of iba-1/Arg-1-positive microglia in the hippocampus,suppressed neuroinflammation and microglial *** sum,hippocampal TREM2 plays an important role in improving HFD-induced cognitive dysfunction and promoting microglial polarization towards the M2 anti-inflammatory *** study also suggests that TREM2 might be a novel target for the intervention of obesity/diabetes-associated cognitive decline.

关键词： Diabetes Microglial polarization Neurodegeneration Neuroinflammation Obesity TREM2

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Biological Functions of Selenoprotein Iodothyronine Deiodinase and its Expression in Osteoarthritis

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Chinese medical Sciences Journal 2022年第2期37卷 142-150页

作者： Xiaomei Ren Li Zhang Bao Xin Qiling Liu Wenwen Qian Rongqiang Zhang department of Nutrition and Food hygiene School of Public HealthShaanxi University of Chinese MedicineXianyangShaanxi 712046China department of Clinical Nutrition The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University Medical CollegeYantaiShandong 264000China department of Epidemiology and medical Statistics School of Public HealthShaanxi University of Chinese MedicineXianyangShaanxi 712046China

Objective Iodothyronine deiodinases(DIOs)are important selenoproteins that play a key role in the bone and joint ***(OA)is the most prevalent joint disease especially in *** bioinformatic analysis was performed to explore the role of DIOs in OA *** The biological functions of selenoprotein DIOs were analyzed by bioinformatic techniques,mcluding GenCLip 3.0,Database for Annotation,Visualization and Integrated Discovery(DAVID),STRING,Cytoscape,and Network *** expression of DIOs in the healthy individuals and OA patients was determined by mining OA-related microarray data in the gene expression omnibus(GEO)database of National Center for Biotechnology Information and performing a Meta-analysis of the data with Review Manager *** Cluster analysis revealed that the function of the DIOs was associated with thyroid hormone receptor and iodothyronine;GO analysis showed that DIOs were mainly involved in biological processes,such as ethanol metabolism and phenol-containing compound metabolism and primarily involved in the cytochrome P450 metabolism of exogenous organisms and thyroid hormone signaling;SULT1A1 was the core node of the PPI network;miRNAs and thyroid hormones had some iterations with DIO1 and DI02;Meta-analysis showed that DIO3 expression was significantly up-regulated in OA patients(SMD=0.31,95%CI:0.03,0.59,P=0.03).Conclusions The main biological functions of DIOs were closely associated with the regulation of thyroid *** the up-regulated expression of DIO3 may have crucial impact on the occurrence of OA.

关键词： selenoprotein iodothyronine deiodinase osteoarthritis

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The EM algorithm for ML Estimators under nonlinear inequalities restrictions on the parameters

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Applied Mathematics(A Journal of Chinese Universities) 2019年第4期34卷 393-402页

作者： SHEN Qi-xia MIAO Peng LIANG Yin-shuang department of Basic course Zhengzhou University of Science and TechnologyZhengzhou 450064China Information Engineering School of Zhengzhou Institute of technology Zhengzhou 450044China

One of the most powerful algorithms for obtaining maximum likelihood estimates for many incomplete-data problems is the EM ***,when the parameters satisfy a set of nonlinear restrictions,It is difficult to apply the EM algorithm *** this paper,we propose an asymptotic maximum likelihood estimation procedure under a set of nonlinear inequalities restrictions on the parameters,in which the EM algorithm can be *** this kind of estimation problem is a stochastic optimization problem in the *** make use of methods in stochastic optimization to overcome the difficulty caused by nonlinearity in the given constraints.

关键词： Linear regression Maximum likelihood estimation Nonlinear constraints Asymptotic properties

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Should mitral valve prolapse be considered as one of the risk factors for open angle glaucoma? A preliminary observation

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2022年第2期15卷 346-351页

作者： Ewa Grudzińska Malgorzata Peregud-Pogorzelska Daniel Zaborski Monika Modrzejewska Second department of Ophthalmology Pomeranian Medical UniversitySzczecin 70-111Poland department of Cardiology Pomeranian Medical UniversitySzczecin 70-111Poland Laboratory of Biostatistics West Pomeranian University of TechnologySzczecin 71-270Poland

AIM:To assess the incidence of mitral valve prolapse in patients with newly diagnosed primary open angle ***:The study included 12 patients without any other comorbidities or taking any general or local *** patient underwent a full ophthalmological examination with visual field assessment and optical computed tomography of the macula and optic nerve *** Doppler ultrasound was performed to exclude impaired blood flow in this region and transthoracic echocardiography with assessment of the function and morphology of the heart ***:In the study group,mitral valve prolapse was found in seven patients(58.3%),while mitral valve regurgitation in 11 patients(91.7%).One case of normal pressure glaucoma and four cases of juvenile glaucoma were *** were also other risk factors for glaucoma:myopia(58.3%),migraine headaches(41.7%),a positive family history of glaucoma(16.7%).CONCLUSION:Mitral valve prolapse could be indicated as a new risk factor for *** seems reasonable to conduct screening tests for glaucoma in patients with mitral valve prolapse in the course of echocardiography.

关键词： ultrasonography Doppler echocardiography heart valves mitral valve insufficiency

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Bistability Analysis of Excitatory-Inhibitory Neural Networks in Limited-Sustained-Activity Regime

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2011年第12期56卷 1155-1160页

作者：倪赟吴亮吴丹朱士群 Basic course department Suzhou Polytechnical Institute of AgricultureSuzhou 215008China School of Physical Science and technology Soochow University

Bistable behavior of neuronal complex networks is investigated in the limited-sustained-activity regime when the network is composed of excitatory and inhibitory *** standard stability analysis is performed on the two metastable states *** theoretical analysis and numerical simulations show consistently that the difference between time scales of excitatory and inhibitory populations can influence the dynamical behaviors of the neuronal networks dramatically,leading to the transition from bistable behaviors with memory effects to the collapse of bistable *** results may suggest one possible neuronal information processing by only tuning time scales.

关键词：神经网络兴奋性稳态分析神经元网络动力学行为缓释时间尺度稳态行为

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Subdiaphragmatic vagotomy reduces intake of sweet-tasting solutions in rats

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Neural Regeneration Research 2013年第17期8卷 1560-1567页

作者： Enshe Jiang Dongming Yu Zhifen Feng Institute of Public hygiene School of Nursing Henan University department of Anatomy Medical College of Henan University

Studies have shown that there are strong interactions between gustatory and visceral sensations the central nervous system when rats ingest sweet foods or solutions. To investigate the role of th subdiaphragmatic vagi in transmitting general visceral information during the process of drinking sweet-tasting solutions, we examined the effects of subdiaphragmatic vagotomy on the intake of 0.5 mol/L sucrose, 0.005 mol/L saccharin or distilled water over the course of 1 hour in rats depriv~ of water. Results showed no significant difference in consumption of these three solutions in vagotomized rats. However, rats in the sham-surgery group drank more saccharin solution than sucrose solution or distilled water. Moreover, the intake of distilled water was similar between vagotomized rats and sham-surgery group rats, but significantly less sucrose and saccharin were consumed by vagotomized rats compared with rats in the sham-surgery group. These findings indicate that subdiaphragmatic vagotomy reduces intake of sweet-tasting solution in rats, and suggest that vagal and extravagal inputs play a balanced role in the control of the intake of sweet-tasting solutions. They also suggest that subdiaphragmatic vagotomy eliminates the difference in hedonic perception induced by sweet-tasting solutions compared with distilled water II E

关键词： neural regeneration peripheral nerve injury sweet taste visceral sensation vagotomy nucleus ofsolitary tract parabrachial nucleus intake hedonic grants-supported paper neuroregeneration

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Chinese Quarterly Journal of Mathematics 2005年第4期20卷 367-371页

作者： YANG Hui YAO Hong department of Basic course Anyang Institute of Technology Anyang 455001 China

This paper presents the popularization of the weighting of Chebyshev's inequality and discusses the relation between this popularization and some famous inequalities.

关键词：切比雪夫不等式加权推广扩展性级数序列

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GAS SORPTION,DIFFUSION AND PERMEATION OF ORDERED POLYMERIC MEMBRANES

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2000年第4期18卷 301-307页

作者： Yoshiharu Tsujita Polymeric Materials course Department of Materials Science and Engineering. Nagoya Institute of Technology Gokiso-cho Showa-ku Nagoya 466-8555 Japan

He, CO_2, O_2, N_2, CH_4, C_3H_8, and t-C_4H_(10) gas permeability coefficients and diffusion coefficients of poly(4-methylpentene-1) (PMP) with various degrees of crystallization were plotted against the degree of crystallization. The plotdemonstrated a linear relationship. The gas permeability coefficient and diffusion coefficient of pure amorphous and purecrystalline PMPs were evaluated by a linear extrapolation to zero and 100% crystallinity, respectively. The relationshipbetween the diffusion coefficient of crystalline parts of PMP and the kinetic diameter of penetrant gases was *** polystyrene (SPS) could exist as δ form crystals complexed with organic solvents such as benzene, toluene,xylene, and ethylbenzene. The mesophase of SPS is prepared by annealing the δ form of crystalline complexes at a certaintemperature for 1 h. The desorption of solvent during annealing almost does not result in changes of both the conformation ofbackbone chains and the crystal lattice. We could prepare the mesophase containing molecular cavities with the size andshape of the organic solvent molecules. The mesophase could sorb the same solvent after the manner of Langmuir sorption atlow vapor pressure range while this would not be the case for solvents of different size and shape. This suggests a molecularrecognition of organic solvent, and mesophase SPS might be useful for separation membrane and adsorptive material.

关键词： Gas sorption Diffusion Poly(4-methyl pentene-l) Molecular recognition

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Multiple paradoxical embolisms caused by central venous catheter thrombus passing through a patent foramen ovale: A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第4期12卷 842-846页

作者： Jian-Duan Li Nian Xu Qiang Zhao Biao Li Li Li department of Cardiology Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 510235Guangdong ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND To date,this is the first case of a paradoxical embolism(PDE)that concurrently manifested in the coronary and lower limb arteries and was secondary to a central venous catheter(CVC)thrombus via a patent foramen ovale(PFO).CASE SUMMARY Here,we report a case of simultaneous coronary and lower limb artery embolism in a PFO patient carrier of a *** patient presented to the hospital with acute chest pain and lower limb *** ultrasound showed a large thrombus in the right internal jugular vein,precisely at the tip of the *** and transesophageal echocardiography confirmed the existence of a PFO,with inducible right-to-left shunting by the Valsalva *** patient was administered an extended course of anticoagulation therapy,and then the CVC was successfully *** PFO closure was not *** was no recurrence during *** Thus,CVC-associated thrombosis is a potential source for multiple PDE in PFO patients.

关键词： Paradoxical embolism Central venous catheter Patent foramen ovale Acute myocardial infarction Case report

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