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Low-temperature chemistry in plasma-driven ammonia oxidative pyrolysis

Green Energy & Environment 2024年第9期9卷 1477-1488页

作者： Mingming Zhang Qi Chen Guangzhao Zhou Jintao Sun He Lin School of mechanical Electronic and Control Engineering Beijing Jiaotong University School of mechanical engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Ammonia is gaining increasing attention as a green alternative fuel for achieving large-scale carbon emission reduction. Despite its potential technical prospects, the harsh ignition conditions and slow flame propagation speed of ammonia pose significant challenges to its application in engines. Non-equilibrium plasma has been identified as a promising method, but current research on plasma-enhanced ammonia combustion is limited and primarily focuses on ignition characteristics revealed by kinetic models. In this study, low-temperature and low-pressure chemistry in plasma-assisted ammonia oxidative pyrolysis is investigated by integrated studies of steady-state GC measurements and mathematical simulation. The detailed kinetic mechanism of NH3decomposition in plasma-driven Ar/NH3and Ar/NH3/O2mixtures has been developed. The numerical model has good agreements with the experimental measurements in NH3/O2consumption and N2/H2generation, which demonstrates the rationality of modelling. Based on the modelling results, species density profiles, path flux and sensitivity analysis for the key plasmaproduced species such as NH2, NH, H2, OH, H, O, O（1D）, O2（a1△g）, O2（b1∑g+）, Ar*, H-, Ar+, NH3+, O2-in the discharge and afterglow are analyzed in detail to illustrate the effectiveness of the active species on NH3excitation and decomposition at low temperature and relatively higher E/N values. The results revealed that NH2, NH, H as well as H2are primarily generated through the electron collision reactions e + NH3→ e + NH2+ H, e + NH3→ e + NH + H2and the excited-argon collision reaction Ar*+ NH3+ H → Ar + NH2+ 2H, which will then react with highly reactive oxidative species such as O2*, O*, O, OH, and O2to produce stable products of NOx and H2O. NH3→ NH is found a specific pathway for NH3consumption with plasma assistance, which further highlights the enhanced kinetic effects.

关键词： Non-equilibrium plasma Ammonia fuel Oxidative pyrolysis Pathway flux analysis Sensitivity analysis

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Battery pack capacity estimation for electric vehicles based on enhanced machine learning and field data

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第5期92卷 605-618页

作者： Qingguang Qi Wenxue Liu Zhongwei Deng Jinwen Li Ziyou Song Xiaosong Hu College of mechanical and Vehicle engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China School of mechanical and Electrical engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731SichuanChina department of mechanical engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore 117575Singapore

Accurate capacity estimation is of great importance for the reliable state monitoring,timely maintenance,and second-life utilization of lithium-ion *** numerous works on battery capacity estimation using laboratory datasets,most of them are applied to battery cells and lack satisfactory fidelity when extended to real-world electric vehicle(EV)battery *** challenges intensify for large-sized EV battery packs,where unpredictable operating profiles and low-quality data acquisition hinder precise capacity *** fill the gap,this study introduces a novel data-driven battery pack capacity estimation method grounded in field *** proposed approach begins by determining labeled capacity through an innovative combination of the inverse ampere-hour integral,open circuit voltage-based,and resistance-based correction ***,multiple health features are extracted from incremental capacity curves,voltage curves,equivalent circuit model parameters,and operating temperature to thoroughly characterize battery aging behavior.A feature selection procedure is performed to determine the optimal feature set based on the Pearson correlation ***,a convolutional neural network and bidirectional gated recurrent unit,enhanced by an attention mechanism,are employed to estimate the battery pack capacity in real-world EV ***,the proposed method is validated with a field dataset from two EVs,covering approximately 35,000 *** results demonstrate that the proposed method exhibits better estimation performance with an error of less than 1.1%compared to existing *** work shows great potential for accurate large-sized EV battery pack capacity estimation based on field data,which provides significant insights into reliable labeled capacity calculation,effective features extraction,and machine learning-enabled health diagnosis.

关键词： Electricvehicle Lithium-ion battery pack Capacity estimation Machine learning Field data

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Investigation of wake-induced vibration interference between two staggered wave-cone cylinders at subcritical Reynolds number

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2024年第2期36卷 378-393页

作者： Lin Zou Di-wei Liu Jian Liu Hong-cheng Zuo Yin-huan Zheng Hao Xia School of mechanical and electronic engineering Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan430070China department of Aeronautical and Automotive engineering Loughborough UniversityLoughboroughUK

The wake induced vibration(WIV)of a one-and two-degree-of-freedom(1DOF,2DOF)downstream wave-cone cylinder(WCC)behind a stationary equal-size upstream wave-cone cylinder in the staggered arrangement is numerically investigated at subcritical Reynolds number of 3900 by using shear stressed transfer(SST)k-ωturbulence *** streamwise pitch ratios(P/Dm)vary from 4 to 6 with a fixed incident angleα=8°.Experimental measurements were also performed for the validation of the present numerical *** is found that the largest vibration amplitude in crossflow direction occurred at P/Dm=4,Ur=8 with small difference of streamwise vibration at P/Dm=4,*** from single wavy-cone cylinder(SWCC),the downstream flexible one of a pair staggered WCCs got larger vibration amplitude during phase switching stage instead of in-phase *** upstream wake will suppress the triple frequency of main frequency in the power spectra density(PSD)functions of Cl but stimulate the double one of *** intriguing vibration mechanism happened in all 2DOF cases where the trajectory of downstream WCC is a significant ellipse rather than a figure of *** transformation of phase switching and the variation of the main frequency of drag coefficient(Cd)can be explained by the vortex-shedding modes of downstream WCC.

关键词： Two wave-cone cylinders staggered arrangement wake induced vibration phase switching vortex shedding

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Effect of Blood Circulation in Veins on Resonance Suppression of the Dragonfly Wing Constructed by Numerical Method

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Journal of Bionic engineering 2024年第2期21卷 877-891页

作者： Lijun Zhang Xu Zhang Kaifei Wang Zhenwei Gan Shibo Liu Xiao Liu Zhengjun Jing Xudong Cui Jiahui Lu Jing Liu College of mechanical and electronic engineering China University of PetroleumQingdao266580China

To reveal the resonance suppression mechanism of the blood circulation in dragonfly wings,a numerical modeling method of dragonfly wings based on Voronoi diagrams is proposed,and the changes in mass,aerodynamic damping,and natural frequencies caused by blood circulation in veins are *** equivalent mass of blood,boundary conditions,and aerodynamic damping are calculated *** analysis and harmonic response analysis of wing models with different blood circulation paths are performed using the finite-element method(FEM).The vibration reduction ratioδis introduced to compare the damping efficiency of different mass ***,a natural frequency testing device is constructed to measure the natural frequencies of dragonfly *** results indicate that the shape,mass,and natural frequencies of the dragonfly wing model constructed by numerical method agree well with *** mass distribution on the wing can be altered by blood circulation,thereby adjusting the natural frequencies and achieving resonance *** highestδof 1.013 is observed in the C region when blood circulates solely in secondary veins,but it is still lower than theδof 1.017 when blood circulates in complete *** aerodynamic damping ratio(1.19–1.79%)should not be neglected in the vibration analysis of the beating wing.

关键词： Dragonfly wings Blood circulation Resonance suppression Voronoi diagram FEM

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Ultrathin two-dimensional medium-entropy oxide as a highly efficient and stable electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction

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Nano Research 2024年第4期17卷 2555-2562页

作者： Guangyuan Yan Tianlu Wang Biwei Zhao Wenjing Gao Tong Wu Liming Ou School of mechanical Electronic and Control EngineeringBeijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100044China

Medium-entropy oxides(MEOs)with broad compositional tunability and entropy-driven structural stability,are receiving booming attention as a promising candidate for oxygen evolution reaction(OER)***,ultrathin two-dimensional(2D)nanostructure offers extremely large specific surface area and is therefore considered to be an ideal catalyst ***,it remains a grant challenge to synthesize ultrathin 2D MEOs due to distinct nucleation and growth kinetics of constituent multimetallic elements in 2D anisotropic *** this work,an ultrathin 2D MEO(MnFeCoNi)O was successfully synthesized by a facile and low-temperature ionic layer epitaxy *** from multi-metal synergistic effects within ultrathin 2D nanostructure,this 2D MEO(MnFeCoNi)O revealed excellent OER electrocatalytic performance with a quite low overpotential of 117 mV at 10 mA·cm^(-2) and an impressive stability for 120 h continuous operation with only 6.9%***,the extremely high mass activity(5584.3 A·g^(-1))was three orders of magnitude higher than benchmark RuO_(2)(3.4 A·g^(-1))at the same overpotential of 117 *** work opens up a new avenue for developing highly efficient and stable electrocatalysts by creating 2D nanostructured MEOs.

关键词： medium-entropy oxide two-dimensional nanomaterials ionic layer epitaxy oxygen evolution reaction electrocatalysis

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Multimode Design and Analysis of an Integrated Leg-Arm Quadruped Robot with Deployable Characteristics

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Chinese Journal of mechanical engineering 2024年第3期37卷 41-61页

作者： Fuqun Zhao Yifan Wu Xinhua Yang Xilun Ding Kun Xu Sheng Guo Xiaodong Jin School of mechanical engineering and Automation Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China School of mechanical Electronic and Control EngineeringBeijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100044China

To improve locomotion and operation integration, this paper presents an integrated leg-arm quadruped robot(ILQR) that has a reconfigurable joint. First, the reconfigurable joint is designed and assembled at the end of the legarm chain. When the robot performs a task, reconfigurable configuration and mode switching can be achieved using this joint. In contrast from traditional quadruped robots, this robot can stack in a designated area to optimize the occupied volume in a nonworking state. Kinematics modeling and dynamics modeling are established to evaluate the mechanical properties for multiple modes. All working modes of the robot are classified, which can be defined as deployable mode, locomotion mode and operation mode. Based on the stability margin and mechanical modeling, switching analysis and evaluation between each mode is carried out. Finally, the prototype experimental results verify the function realization and switching stability of multimode and provide a design method to integrate and perform multimode for quadruped robots with deployable characteristics.

关键词： Quadruped robot Multimode design Mode switching Locomotion Operation

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Electrical discharge and arc milling with automatic tracking of optimal flushing direction:A novel high-efficiency compound machining method

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第3期37卷 351-364页

作者： Xinlei WU Yonghong LIU Pengxin ZHANG Liang QI Dege LI Chi MA Renjie JI College of mechanical and electronic engineering China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao 266580China School of mechanical and Power engineering Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing 211816China

The arc milling method has the advantages of high machining efficiency and low cost and is independent of the strength and hardness of machined ***,frequent electrode back-offs and the risk of workpiece burning may occur if erosion products are not removed *** this study,it was found that the flushing method of the working medium had a significant impact on the machining performance of arc *** on this,a novel highefficiency compound machining method of electrical discharge and arc milling with automatic tracking of the optimal flushing direction was *** automatic tracking optimizer for external working medium injection was designed to determine the optimal external flushing direction according to the feed *** influence of flushing methods,working mediums,and machining parameters on the machining efficiency,tool electrode wear rate,machining error,and surface integrity of titanium alloys were *** results indicated that better machining performance and environmental friendliness were achieved using the compound flushing method of outer compressed air and inner deionized ***,the automatic tracking flushing method in the opposite direction of the feed direction showed superior results compared to other *** material removal rate with the opposite direction injection could be increased up to 1.62 times that of the same direction,and the relative electrode wear rate could be reduced by 14.76%.This novel method has broad application prospects for machining parts with difficult-to-cut materials in aerospace and military industries.

关键词： Arc milling Dielectric Difficult-to-cut materials Electric discharge machining Erosion Material removal rate

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Wearable Triboelectric Nanogenerators Based on Printed Polyvinylidene Fluoride Films Incorporated with Cobalt-Based Metal-Organic Framework for Self-Powered Mobile electronics

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第4期7卷 396-403页

作者： Myeong-Hyeon Kim Sang-Joon Park Tae-Jun Ha department of electronic Materials engineering Kwangwoon University

In this study,wearable triboelectric nanogenerators comprising bar-printed polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) films incorporated with cobalt-based metalorganic framework (Co-MOF) were *** enhanced output performance of the TENCs was attributed to the phase transition of PVDF from α-crystals to β-crystals,as facilitated by the incorporation of the MOF.

关键词： bar printing phase transition polyvinylidene fluoride incorporated with cobalt-based metal–organic framework self-powered mobile electronics wearable triboelectric nanogenerators

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Analysis and Optimization of Operational and Pollutant Attributes of Diesel Engine with CNT-Infused Orange Peel Biodiesel-Diesel Blend Fuel

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第2期33卷 761-778页

作者： Ranjeet RAI R.R.SAHOO mechanical engineering department GLA UniversityMathura281406India mechanical engineering department IIT(BHU)Varanasi221005India

The current study is performed to find sustainable solutions for the future of transportation and environmental *** conventional methods and experimental design table(L16 Orthogonal Array)techniques have been employed to examine and optimize a diesel-powered engine's operational and pollutant *** L16 Orthogonal Array is obtained through Taguchi's experimental design approach using Minitab 16 *** experimental design incorporated three control variables,namely engine speed,fuel type,and engine load,each with four *** operational parameters,namely brake thermal efficiency(BTE)and brake specific fuel consumption(BSFC),as well as the emission characteristics,including hydrocarbon(HC),carbon monoxide(CO),nitrogen oxide(NO),and smoke emissions,were acquired using the L16 orthogonal array(OA) and subsequently *** utilization of methodologies such as signal-to-noise(S/N) ratio and grey analysis was employed to determine the optimal operational state of the engine to achieve maximum performance while minimizing *** engine's ideal state of operation,in terms of BTE and BSFC,was determined to be at 75% engine load,1000 r/min engine speed,and using 10^(-4)(in vol) carbon nanotube incorporated 20% orange peel biodiesel(OPB20CNT100) blended fuel(A3-B1-C4).The study indicated that engine load significantly influenced BTE and BSFC,with 84.05% and 87.79% contribution factors,*** 25% engine load,1000 r/min,and OPB20CNT100 fuel(A1-B1-C4) CO,smoke,NO,and HC emissions were the *** load affects emissions the *** BSFC increased 3.10% and NO emissions 1.77%.BTE,CO,smoke,and HC emissions decreased by 1.9%,12.29%,47.05%,and 47.22%,respectively,at optimal operating conditions concerning diesel *** study shows that Taguchi-Grey's experimental design optimizes diesel engine operational and pollutant *** outcomes revealed that orange peel biodiesel infused with CNT can replace diesel fuel in a

关键词： Taguchi-Grey method OPB20CNT100 transesterification S/N ratio GRG HC CO and NO

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Advances in Active Suspension Systems for Road Vehicles

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engineering 2024年第2期33卷 160-177页

作者： Min Yu Simos AEvangelou Daniele Dini department of mechanical engineering Imperial College LondonLondon SW72AZUK department of Electrical and electronic engineering Imperial College LondonLondon SW72AZUK

Active suspension systems(ASSs)have been proposed and developed for a few decades,and have now once again become a thriving topic in both academia and industry,due to the high demand for driving comfort and safety and the compatibility of ASSs with vehicle electrification and *** review papers on ASSs mainly cover dynamics modeling and robust control;however,the gap between academic research outcomes and industrial application requirements has not yet been bridged,hindering most ASS research knowledge from being transferred to vehicle *** paper comprehensively reviews advances in ASSs for road vehicles,with a focus on hardware structures and control *** particular,state-of-the-art ASSs that have been recently adopted in production cars are discussed in detail,including the representative solutions of Mercedes active body control(ABC)and Audi predictive active suspension;novel concepts that could become alternative candidates are also introduced,including series active variable geometry suspension,and the active wheel-alignment *** with compact structure,small mass increment,low power consumption,high-frequency response,acceptable economic costs,and high reliability are more likely to be adopted by car *** terms of control strategies,the development of future ASSs aims not only to stabilize the chassis attitude and attenuate the chassis vibration,but also to enable ASSs to cooperate with other modules(e.g.,steering and braking)and sensors(e.g.,cameras)within a car,and even with high-level decision-making(e.g.,reference driving speed)in the overall transportation system-strategies that will be compatible with the rapidly developing electric and autonomous vehicles.

关键词： Active suspension Vehicle dynamics Robust control Ride comfort Chassis attitude

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