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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第3期13卷 390-392页

作者： Zaid Haddadin Anna My Nguyen Lisa V.Poulikakos department of Electrical&Computer engineering University of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA department of mechanical&aerospace engineering University of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA Program of Materials Science&engineering University of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA

An additional deposition step was added to a multi-step electron beam lithographic fabrication process to unlock the height dimension as an accessible parameter for resonators comprising unit cells of quasi-bound stat... 详细信息

关键词： dimensions dimension intrinsic

Advances in laser-plasma interactions using intense vortex laser beams

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第9期67卷 14-42页

作者： Yin Shi Xiaomei Zhang Alexey Arefiev Baifei Shen department of Plasma Physics and Fusion engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China department of Physics Shanghai Normal UniversityShanghai 200234China department of mechanical and aerospace engineering University of California at San DiegoLa JollaCA 92093USA

Low-intensity light beams carrying orbital angular momentum(OAM),commonly known as vortex beams,have garnered significant attention due to promising applications in areas ranging from optical trapping to *** recent years,there has been a surge in global research exploring the potential of high-intensity vortex laser beams and specifically their interactions with *** paper provides a comprehensive review of recent advances in this *** with conventional laser beams,intense vortex beams exhibit unique properties such as twisted phase fronts,OAM delivery,hollow intensity distribution,and spatially isolated longitudinal *** distinct characteristics give rise to a multitude of rich phenomena,profoundly influencing laser-plasma interactions and offering diverse *** paper also discusses future prospects and identifies promising general research areas involving vortex *** areas include low-divergence particle acceleration,instability suppression,high-energy photon delivery with OAM,and the generation of strong magnetic *** growing scientific interest and application potential,the study of intense vortex lasers is poised for rapid development in the coming years.

关键词： intense vortex laser orbital angular momentum laser plasma interactions high power laser high energy density science

Mechanics and physics under supergravity conditions

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2024年第6期40卷 1-2页

作者： Chaofeng Lü Chao Sun Shengqiang Cai Faculty of mechanical engineering and Mechanics Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315211China New Cornerstone Science Laboratory Center for Combustion EnergyDepartment of Energy and Power EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China department of mechanical and aerospace engineering University of CaliforniaSan DiegoLa Jolla CA 92093USA

"Supergravity"refers to the conditions where the effective gravity is greater than that of *** conditions are generally relevant to stellar evolution,geophysical movement,astrophysical flows,and *** also frequently occur in various engineering scenarios involving acceleration,such as the launch of space shuttles,operation of rotor engines,impacts and explosions,chemical separation processes,and overloaded testing *** is already demonstrated in physiological experiments that living organisms of animals or plants could be damaged,either temporarily or permanently,when subjected to *** create supergravity conditions for scientific research on the Earth,centrifugal equipment or rapidly rotating devices are omnipresent in various fields,such as aerospace engineering,geophysical science,chemical and biomedical engineering,nuclear engineering,rotating flows,and physical modeling tests.

关键词： geophysical Earth stellar

Bioinspired nanomaterials for wearable sensing and human–machine interfacing

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Nano Research 2024年第2期17卷 445-461页

作者： Vishesh Kashyap Junyi Yin Xiao Xiao Jun Chen department of Bioengineering University of CaliforniaLos AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095USA department of mechanical and aerospace engineering University of CaliforniaLos AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095USA

The inculcation of bioinspiration in sensing and human–machine interface(HMI)technologies can lead to distinctive characteristics such as conformability,low power consumption,high sensitivity,and unique properties like self-healing,self-cleaning,and *** sensing and HMI are fields rife with opportunities for the application of bioinspired nanomaterials,particularly when it comes to wearable sensory systems where biocompatibility is an additional *** review discusses recent development in bioinspired nanomaterials for wearable sensing and HMIs,with a specific focus on state-of-the-art bioinspired capacitive sensors,piezoresistive sensors,piezoelectric sensors,triboelectric sensors,magnetoelastic sensors,and electrochemical *** also present a comprehensive overview of the challenges that have hindered the scientific advancement in academia and commercialization in the industry.

关键词： bioinspired nanomaterials human–machine interface wearable sensors wearable bioelectronics

DropletMask: Leveraging visual data for droplet impact analysis

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Droplet 2024年第4期3卷 10-20页

作者： Chuanning Zhao Youngjoon Suh Yoonjin Won department of mechanical and aerospace engineering University of CaliforniaIrvineIrvineCaliforniaUSA department of Electrical engineering and Computer Science University of CaliforniaIrvineIrvineCaliforniaUSA

Machine learning-assisted computer vision represents a state-of-the-art technique for extracting meaningful features from visual data *** approach facili-tates the quantitative analysis of images,enabling object detection and *** this study,we utilize advanced computer vision to precisely identify droplet motions and quantify their impact forces with spatiotemporal resolution at the picoliter or millisecond ***,captured by a high-speed camera,are denoised through neuromorphic image *** processed images are employed to train con-volutional neural networks,allowing the creation of segmented masks and bounding boxes around moving *** trained networks further digitize time-varying multi-dimensional droplet features,such as droplet diameters,spreading and sliding motions,and corresponding impact *** innovative method offers accurate measurement of small impact forces with a resolution of approximately 10 pico-newtons for droplets in the micrometer range across various configurations with the time resolution at hundreds of microseconds.

关键词： visual impact utilize

Ranking academic institutions based on the productivity,impact,and quality of institutional scholars

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Journal of Data and Information Science 2024年第3期9卷 116-154页

作者： Amir Faghri Theodore L.Bergman department of mechanical and aerospace engineering University of CaliforniaLos AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095USA department of mechanical engineering University of KansasLawrenceKS 66045USA

Purpose:The quantitative rankings of over 55,000 institutions and their institutional programs are based on the individual rankings of approximately 30 million scholars determined by their productivity,impact,and ***/methodology/approach:The institutional ranking process developed here considers all institutions in all countries and regions,thereby including those that are established,as well as those that are emerging in scholarly *** of individual scholars worldwide are first generated using the recently introduced,fully indexed ScholarGPS *** rankings of individual scholars are extended here to determine the lifetime and last-five-year Top 20 rankings of academic institutions over all Fields of scholarly endeavor,in 14 individual Fields,in 177 Disciplines,and in approximately 350,000 unique *** associated with five specific Fields(Medicine,engineering&Computer Science,Life Sciences,Physical Sciences&Mathematics,and Social Sciences),and in two Disciplines(Chemistry,and Electrical&Computer engineering)are presented as examples,and changes in the rankings over time are ***:For the Fields considered here,the Top 20 institutional rankings in Medicine have undergone the least change(lifetime versus last five years),while the rankings in engineering&Computer Science have exhibited significant *** evolution of institutional rankings over time is largely attributed to the recent emergence of Chinese academic institutions,although this emergence is shown to be highly Field-and *** implementations:Existing rankings of academic institutions have:(i)often been restricted to pre-selected institutions,clouding the potential discovery of scholarly activity in emerging institutions and countries;(ii)considered only broad areas of research,limiting the ability of university leadership to act on the assessments in a concrete manner,or in contrast;(iii)have considered only a narrow are

关键词： Academic institution ranking Top institutional scholars ScholarGPS

Performance analysis of a photovoltaic/thermal system with lunar regolith-based thermal storage for the lunar base

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2024年第4期67卷 1113-1123页

作者： SUN WenGan ZHAO Bin PEI Yu SHI LingFeng HU MaoBin LI MuJun REN Xiao PEI Gang Deep Space Exploration Laboratory Hefei 230026China department of Thermal Science and Energy engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China department of mechanical and aerospace engineering University of California San DiegoLa JollaCA 92093USA department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China College of New Energy China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao 266000China

Powering a moon base,especially keeping it warm during the long lunar night,is a big *** paper introduces a photovoltaic/thermal(PV/T)system incorporating regolith thermal storage to solve the challenge of power and heat provision for the lunar base *** vacuum of space around the moon helps this system by reducing heat *** the moon's daytime,the system not only generates electricity but also captures *** stored heat in the regolith is then used at night,reducing the amount of equipment we need to send from *** spectrally selective PV/T panels are designed to absorb a wide range of sunlight(0.3–2.5μm)while minimizing heat loss in the infrared range(3–30μm).Simulation results of the hybrid solar energy system indicate the average value of the overall efficiency is 45.9%,which relatively elevates 56.1%compared to the PV *** launch mass of the proposed PV/T system is only 8.4%of a traditional photovoltaic-lithium battery system with the same amount of energy *** the total specific energy of the proposed system is 7.3 kWh kg^(-1),while that of the photovoltaic-lithium battery system is about 0.3 kWh kg^(-1).In summary,this study proposes an alternative combined heat and electricity supply system for the lunar base,which can greatly reduce the launch mass and free up load for other scientific research equipment.

关键词： in-situ resource utilization(IRSU) regolith thermal storage photovoltaic/thermal(PV/T) spectral selectivity

Vibration-assisted vat photopolymerization for pixelated-aliasing-free surface fabrication

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International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing 2024年第3期6卷 440-456页

作者： Han Xu Renzhi Hu Shuai Chen Junhong Zhu Chi Zhou Yong Chen Center for Advanced Manufacturing University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90007United States of America Daniel J.Epstein department of Industrial and Systems engineering University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90089United States of America department of aerospace and mechanical engineering University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90089United States of America department of Industrial and Systems engineering University of BuffaloBuffaloNY 14260United States of America

Mask image projection-based vat photopolymerization(MIP-VPP)offers advantages like low cost,high resolution,and a wide material range,making it popular in industry and ***,MIP-VPP employing liquid crystal displays(LCDs)has gained traction,increasingly replacing digital micromirror devices,particularly among hobbyists and in educational settings,and is now beginning to be used in industrial ***,LCD-based MIP-VPPsuffers from pronounced pixelated aliasing arising from LCD’s discrete image pixels and itsdirect-contact configuration in MIP-VPP machines,leading to rough surfaces on the 3D-printed ***,we propose a vibration-assisted MIP-VPP method that utilizes a microscalevibration to uniformize the light intensity distribution of the LCD-based mask image on VPP’s building *** maintaining the same fabrication speed,our technique generates asmoother,non-pixelated mask image,reducing the roughness on flat surfaces and boundary segments of 3D-printed *** light intensity modeling and simulation,we derived an optimal vibration pattern for LCD mask images,subsequently validated by *** assessed the surface texture,boundary integrity,and dimensional accuracy of componentsproduced using the vibration-assisted *** notably smoother surfaces and improved boundary roughness enhance the printing quality of MIP-VPP,enabling its promisingapplications in sectors like the production of 3D-printed optical devices and others.

关键词： additive manufacturing vat photopolymerization piezo vibration sub-pixel resolution aliasing

Deep learning from three-dimensional Lithium-ion battery multiphysics model Part II:Convolutional neural network and long short-term memory integration

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Energy and AI

Energy and AI 2024年第3期17卷 569-578页

作者： Yiheng Pang Anqi Dong Yun Wang Zhiqiang Niu Renewable Energy Resources Lab(RERL) Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA92697-3975 College of engineering School of System Design and Intelligent ManufacturingSouthern University of Science and TechnologyChina department of Aeronautical and Automotive engineering Loughborough UniversityUnited KingdomLE113TU

Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries have emerged as a cornerstone of electric vehicles (EVs), enabling the road transportation towards net zero. The success of electric vehicles largely hinges on the battery performance and safety. It is challenging to test and predict battery performance and safety issues by conventional methods, which are usually time-consuming and expensive, involving significant human and measurement errors. To enable the quick estimation of battery performance and safety, we developed three data-driven machine learning (ML) models, namely a convolutional neural network (CNN), a long short-term memory (LSTM), and a CNN-LSTM to predict battery discharge curves and local maximum temperature (hot spot) under various operating conditions. The developed ML models mitigated data scarcity by employing a three-dimensional multi-physics Li-ion battery model to generate enormous and diverse high-quality data. It was found the CNN-LSTM model outperforms the others and achieved high accuracy of 98.68% to learn discharge curves and battery maximum temperature, owing to the integration of spatial and sequential feature extraction. The battery safety can be improved by comparing the predicted maximum battery temperature against safe temperature threshold. The proposed data development and data-driven ML models are of great potential to provide digital tools for engineering high-performance and safe EVs.

关键词： Li-ion batteries CNN LSTM Integration Performance Hot spot

VISION-iT:A Framework for Digitizing Bubbles and Droplets

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Energy and AI 2024年第1期15卷 26-35页

作者： Youngjoon Suh sanghyeon Chang Peter Simadiris Tiffany B.Inouye Muhammad Jahidul Hoque Siavash Khodakarami Chirag Kharangate Nenad Miljkovic Yoonjin Won department of mechanical and aerospace engineering University of CaliforniaIrvine4200 Engineering GatewayCA 92617-2700USA department of Electrical engineering and Computer Science University of CaliforniaIrvine5200 Engineering HallCA 92617-2700USA department of mechanical Science and engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL 61801USA mechanical and aerospace engineering department Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOH44106USA department of Electrical and Computer engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA Materials Research Laboratory University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research(WPI-12CNER) Kyushu University744 Moto-okaNishi-kuFukuoka 819-0395Japan

Quantifying the nucleation processes involved in liquid-vapor phase-change phenomena,while dauntingly challenging,is central in designing energy conversion and thermal management *** technological advances in the deep learning and computer vision field offer the potential for quantifying such complex two-phase nucleation processes at unprecedented *** leveraging these new technologies,a multiple object tracking framework called“vision inspired online nuclei tracker(VISION-iT)”has been proposed to extract large-scale,physical features residing within boiling and condensation ***,extracting high-quality features that can be integrated with domain knowledge requires detailed discussions that may be field-or case-specific *** this regard,we present a demonstration and discussion of the detailed construction,algorithms,and optimization of individual modules to enable adaptation of the framework to custom *** concepts and procedures outlined in this study are transferable and can benefit broader audiences dealing with similar problems.

关键词： Deep learning Computer vision Nucleation Heat transfer Phase-change phenomena