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A reinforcement learning approach for thermostat setpoint preference learning

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Building Simulation 2024年第1期17卷 131-146页

作者： Hussein Elehwany Mohamed Ouf Burak Gunay Nunzio Cotrufo Jean-Simon Venne department of Environmental engineering Carleton UniversityOttawaCanada departmentof Building Civiland Environmental EngineeringConcordia UniversityMontrealCanada BrainBox Al Inc. MontrealCanada

Occupant-centric controls(OcC)is an indoor climate control approach whereby occupant feedback is used in the sequence of operation of building energy *** OcC has been used in a wide range of building applications,an OcC category that has received considerable research interest is learning occupants'thermal preferences through their thermostat interactions and adapting temperature setpoints *** recent studies used reinforcement learning(RL)as an agent for OcC to optimize energy use and occupant *** studies depended on predicted mean vote(PMV)models or constant comfort ranges to represent comfort,while only few of them used thermostat *** paper addresses this gap by introducing a new off-policy reinforcement learning(RL)algorithm that imitates the occupant behaviour by utilizing unsolicited occupant thermostat *** algorithm is tested with a number of synthetically generated occupant behaviour models implemented via the Python APl of *** simulation results indicate that the RL algorithm could rapidly learn preferences for all tested occupant behaviour scenarios with minimal exploration *** substantial energy savings were observed with most occupant scenarios,the impact on the energy savings varied depending on occupants'preferences and thermostat use behaviour stochasticity.

关键词： reinforcement learning preference learning occupant-centric controls smart thermostats off-policy learning

Hydrodynamic Assessment of A New Nature-Based Armour Unit on Rubble Mound Breakwater for Coastal Protection

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China Ocean engineering 2024年第3期38卷 439-452页

作者： Ehsan SAFA Alireza MOJTAHEDI Abdolmajid MOHAMMADIAN Mohamad Ali Lotfollahi YAGHIN department of Water Resources engineering Faculty of Civil EngineeringUniversity of TabrizTabriz ***Iran Faculty of Civil engineering University of OttawaOttawa K1H 8M5Canada

This research proposes a novel nature-based design of a new concrete armour unit for the cover layer of a rubblemoundbreakwater. Armour units are versatile with respect to shape, orientation, surface condition details, and ***, a detailed analysis is required to investigate the exact state of their hydraulic interactions and structuralresponses. In this regard, the performance results of several traditional armour units, including the Antifer cube,Tetrapod, X-block and natural stone, are considered for the first step of this study. Then, the related observed resultsare compared with those obtained for a newly designed (artificial coral) armour unit. The research methodology utilizesthe common wave flume test procedure. Furthermore, several verified numerical models in OpenFOAM code areused to gain the extra required data. The proposed armour is configured to provide an effective shore protection as anenvironmental-friendly coastal structure. Thus it is designed with a main trunk including deep grooves to imitate thetypical geometry of a coral type configuration, so as to attain desirable performance. The observed results and ananalytic hierarchy process (AHP) concept are used to compare the hydraulic performance of the studied traditionaland newly proposed (artificial coral) armour units. The results indicate that the artificial coral armour unit demonstratesacceptable performance. The widely used traditional armour units might be replaced by newer designs for betterwave energy dissipation, and more importantly, for fewer adverse effects on the marine environment.

关键词： rubble mound breakwater hydraulic interaction armour unit analytic hierarchy process numerical model

A Bayesian model calibration framework for stochastic compartmental models with both time-varying and timeinvariant parameters

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2024年第4期9卷 1224-1249页

作者： Brandon Robinson Philippe Bisaillon Jodi D.Edwards Tetyana Kendzerska Mohammad Khalil Dominique Poirel Abhijit Sarkar department of Civil and Environmental engineering Carleton UniversityOttawaON K1S 5B6Canada School of Epidemiology and Public Health University of Ottawa and University of Ottawa Heart InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada ICES OttawaOntarioCanada The ottawa Hospital Research Institute OttawaOntarioCanada department of Medicine Faculty of MedicineDivision of RespirologyUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada Quantitative Modeling&Analysis department Sandia National LaboratoriesLivermoreCAUSA department of mechanical and Aerospace engineering Royal Military College of CanadaKingstonONCanada

We consider state and parameter estimation for compartmental models having both timevarying and time-invariant *** this manuscript,we first detail a general Bayesian computational framework as a continuation of our previous ***,this framework is specifically tailored to the susceptible-infectious-removed(SIR)model which describes a basic mechanism for the spread of infectious diseases through a system of coupled nonlinear differential *** SIR model consists of three states,namely,the susceptible,infectious,and removed *** coupling among these states is controlled by two parameters,the infection rate and the recovery *** simplicity of the SIR model and similar compartmental models make them applicable to many classes of infectious ***,the combined assumption of a deterministic model and time-invariance among the model parameters are two significant impediments which critically limit their use for long-term *** tendency of certain model parameters to vary in time due to seasonal trends,non-pharmaceutical interventions,and other random effects necessitates a model that structurally permits the incorporation of such time-varying *** to this,is the need for a robust mechanism for the estimation of the parameters of the resulting model from *** this end,we consider an augmented state vector,which appends the time-varying parameters to the original system states whereby the time evolution of the time-varying parameters are driven by an artificial noise process in a standard *** between time-varying and time-invariant parameters in this fashion limits the introduction of artificial dynamics into the system,and provides a robust,fully Bayesian approach for estimating the timeinvariant system parameters as well as the elements of the process noise covariance *** computational framework is implemented by leveraging the robustness of the Markov chain Mont

关键词： Time-varying parameter estimation Bayesian inference Stochastic compartmental models

An introductory review of swarm technology for spacecraft on-orbit servicing

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International Journal of mechanical System Dynamics 2024年第1期4卷 3-21页

作者： El Ghali Asri Zheng H.Zhu department of mechanical engineering York UniversityTorontoOntarioCanada

This review paper presents a comprehensive evaluation and forward-looking perspective on the underexplored topic of servicing target objects using spacecraft *** targets can be known or unknown,cooperative or uncooperative,and pose significant challenges in modern space operations due to their inherent complexity and *** servicing space objects is vital for active debris removal and broader on-orbit servicing tasks such as satellite maintenance,repair,refueling,orbital assembly,and *** effort has been invested in the literature to explore the servicing of targets using a single *** its advantages and benefits,this paper expands the discussion to encompass a swarm approach to the *** review covers various single-spacecraft approaches and presents a critical examination of the existing,although limited,body of work dedicated to servicing orbital objects using multiple *** focus is also broadened to include some influential studies concerning the characterization,capture,and manipulation of physical objects by general multiagent systems,a subject with significant parallels to the core interest of this ***,this article also delves into the realm of simultaneous localization and mapping,highlighting its application within close-proximity operations in space,especially when dealing with unknown uncooperative *** attention is paid to the benefits that this field can receive from distributed multiagent ***,an exploration of the promising field of swarm robotics is presented,with an emphasis on its potential to revolutionize the servicing of orbital target ***,a survey of general research directly engaging swarms in the orbital context is *** review aims to bridge the knowledge gap and stimulate further research in the underexplored domain of servicing space targets with spacecraft swarms.

关键词： space robotics on-orbit servicing close-proximity operations guidance and navigation swarm robotics multiagent systems object capture and manipulation simultaneous localization and mapping

Thermal noise-driven resonant sensors

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第3期10卷 259-271页

作者： Yan Qiao Alaaeldin Elhady Mohamed Arabi Eihab Abdel-Rahman Wenming Zhang School of mechanical engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina department of Systems Design engineering University of WaterlooWaterlooONCanada

MEMS/NEMS resonant sensors hold promise for minute mass and force ***,one major challenge is that conventional externally driven sensors inevitably encounter undesired intrinsic noise,which imposes a fundamental limitation upon their signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)and,consequently,the ***,this restriction becomes increasingly pronounced as sensors shrink to the *** this work,we propose a counterintuitive paradigm shift that turns intrinsic thermal noise from an impediment to a constituent of the sensor by harvesting it as the driving force,obviating the need for external actuation and realizing‘noise-driven’*** sensors employ the dynamically amplified response to thermal noise at resonances for stimulus *** demonstrate that lightly damped and highly compliant nano-structures with high aspect ratios are promising candidates for this class of *** overcome the phase incoherence of the drive force,three noise-enabled quantitative sensing mechanisms are *** validated our sensor paradigm by experimental demonstrating noise-driven pressure and temperature ***-driven sensors offer a new opportunity for delivering practical NEMS sensors that can function at room temperature and under ambient pressure,and a development that suggests a path to cheaper,simpler,and low-power-consumption sensors.

关键词： noise resonant overcome

Developing biophilic intermediate spaces for Arctic housing:Optimizing the thermal,visual,and energy performance

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Building Simulation 2024年第6期17卷 857-875页

作者： Tarlan Abazari AndréPotvin Louis Gosselin Claude MH Demers GRAP(Groupe de recherche en ambiance physiques) School of ArchitectureLaval UniversityQuébecCanada department of mechanical engineering Faculty of Science and EngineeringLaval UniversityQuébecCanada

Connecting occupants to the outdoor environment and incorporating biophilic design principles are challenging in extreme Arctic climatic *** Arctic housing models do not provide efficient thermal and daylight transitions which are essential for the well-being and cultural needs of their *** address these challenges,this research develops free-running biophilic intermediate spaces,integrated into an existing Arctic housing *** simulation methods are employed to optimize the primary and secondary architectural design variables for 26 case studies of intermediate *** variables include volume,transparency ratio,and *** variables include materials and physical ***,Daylight Factor/Autonomy,and Energy Use are evaluated as performance *** reveal that free-running intermediate spaces with 6 meters depth and a transparency ratio above 50%provide efficient indoor–outdoor transitions regarding thermal,visual,and energy *** architectural configurations contribute to an approximately 5%reduction in energy consumption within the housing unit compared to the *** side windows prevents the risk of overheating during the summer by reducing the average indoor temperature of intermediate spaces by 7°C but increases the overall energy *** a potential alternative to double-glazing,polycarbonate sheets enable efficient thermal performance by increasing the average indoor temperature of intermediate spaces by approximately 15°C during the cold Arctic *** polycarbonate sheets results in a 16.6%reduction in energy consumption compared to using double-glazing material in intermediate space,and a 26%reduction from the *** outcomes contribute to efficient indoor–outdoor connections and energy efficiency in Arctic housing.

关键词： Arctic housing intermediate spaces biophilic design positive thermal transitions daylight availability energy efficiency

Thermal heat flux distribution prediction in an electrical vehicle battery cell using finite element analysis and neural network

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Green Energy and Intelligent Transportation 2024年第3期3卷 54-62页

作者： Luttfi A.Al-Haddad Latif Ibraheem Ahmed I.EL-Seesy Alaa Abdulhady Jaber Sinan A.Al-Haddad Reza Khosrozadeh Training and Workshops Center University of TechnologyBaghdadIraq mechanical engineering department Memorial University of NewfoundlandNewfoundland and LabradorCanada mechanical engineering department Benha Faculty of EngineeringBenha UniversityBenhaEgypt mechanical engineering department University of TechnologyBaghdadIraq Civil engineering department University of TechnologyBaghdadIraq

In terms of battery design and evaluation,Electric Vehicles(EVs)are receiving a great deal of attention as a modern,eco-friendly,sustainable transportation *** this paper,a novel battery pack is designed to maintain a uniform temperature distribution,allowing the battery to operate within its optimal temperature *** proposed battery design is part of a main channel where a portion of cool air will pass from an inlet then exit from an outlet where a uniform temperature distribution is ***,a 3-D model of a battery cell was created,followed by thermal simulation for 15C,25C,and 35C ambient *** simulation results reveal that the temperature distribution is nearly uniform,with slightly higher values in the middle portion of the cell ***,using finite element analysis(FEA),it was determined that the heat flux per unit area is nearly uniform with a slight increase at the ***,a machine learning model is proposed by utilizing a neural network(NN).Lastly,the heat flux values were predicted using the NN model that was *** model was assessed based on statistical measures where a root mean square error(RMSE)value of 0.87%was *** NN outperformed FEA in terms of time consumption with a high prediction accuracy,leveraging the potential of adopting machine learning over FEA in related operational assessments.

关键词： EV battery Thermal distribution Finite element analysis Neural network Heat flux

Reinforcement Learning-Based Energy Management for Hybrid Power Systems:State-of-the-Art Survey,Review,and Perspectives

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Chinese Journal of mechanical engineering 2024年第3期37卷 1-25页

作者： Xiaolin Tang Jiaxin Chen Yechen Qin Teng Liu Kai Yang Amir Khajepour Shen Li College of mechanical and Vehicle engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China School of mechanical engineering Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China department of mechanical and Mechatronics engineering University of WaterlooWaterlooON N2L 3G1Canada School of Civil engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

The new energy vehicle plays a crucial role in green transportation,and the energy management strategy of hybrid power systems is essential for ensuring energy-efficient *** paper presents a state-of-the-art survey and review of reinforcement learning-based energy management strategies for hybrid power ***,it envisions the outlook for autonomous intelligent hybrid electric vehicles,with reinforcement learning as the foundational *** of all,to provide a macro view of historical development,the brief history of deep learning,reinforcement learning,and deep reinforcement learning is presented in the form of a ***,the comprehensive survey and review are conducted by collecting papers from mainstream academic *** most of the contributions based on three main directions—algorithm innovation,powertrain innovation,and environment innovation—provides an objective review of the research ***,to advance the application of reinforcement learning in autonomous intelligent hybrid electric vehicles,future research plans positioned as“Alpha HEV”are envisioned,integrating Autopilot and energy-saving control.

关键词： New energy vehicle Hybrid power system Reinforcement learning Energy management strategy

Controlled deployment of a long tether to operate as a partial space elevator

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Astrodynamics 2024年第2期8卷 311-321页

作者： Jinbang Huang Arun K.Misra department of mechanical engineering McGill UniversityMontrealQCH3A 0C3Canada

The deployment of a long tether to operate as a partial space elevator,starting from a nucleus in geostationary orbit,is *** deployment is an inherently unstable process because the center of orbit gradually decreases from the geostationary altitude when deployment *** is also observed that the elasticity of the tether has an important effect on deployment *** is shown that the application of a transverse force on the main spacecraft,determined by using linear state feedback and appropriate gains,can stabilize the *** LQR controller is *** of the dynamics of the system are carried out using this controller for various parametric values of tether elasticity,deployment rates,etc.,to evaluate the efficacy of the controller.

关键词： tether space elevator deployment stability control