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Risk of Flash Floods in Urban and Rural Municipalities Triggered by Intense Precipitation in Wielkopolska of Poland

International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2023年第3期14卷 440-457页

作者： Iwona Pińskwar Adam Choryński Dariusz Graczyk department of Land Improvement Environmental Development and Spatial ManagementFaculty of Environmental Engineering and Mechanical EngineeringPoznan University of Life Sciences60-649 PoznanPoland Meteorology Laboratory Department of Construction and GeoengineeringFaculty of Environmental Engineering and Mechanical EngineeringPoznan University of Life Sciences60-649 PoznanPoland

This research analyzed interventions of State Fire Service(SFS)units in the Wielkopolska region of Poland that were triggered by extreme precipitation for the period *** results demonstrated that the most populated and urbanized towns in the Wielkopolska(Greater Poland,west of Warsaw)region are at the most risk in the event of extreme precipitation occurrence as measured by the total number of interventions made by the *** number of SFS unit interventions in towns,standardized to 10,000 inhabitants,indicates that the highest proportional volume of interventions also occurred in smaller *** the rural municipalities the number of SFS unit interventions increases along with higher population density and proportion of infrastructure *** analyzed in this study,the 12 years from 2010 to 2021 were characterized by a higher number of days with heavy precipitation,for example,20,30,40,and 50 mm,in comparison to the previous periods 1961-2010 and *** databases collected by emergency services are a valuable source of information for hazard *** on those and other available data,a statistical model was created and factors influencing the local and regional occurrence of interventions were *** suburbanization,the rising proportion of impermeable surfaces,and the impact of climate change are of considerable importance in urban flood *** is necessary to help municipalities develop abilities to absorb larger amounts of rainwater.

关键词： Flash flood risk Poland Risk exposure Social vulnerability State Fire Service Wielkopolska

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Potential hybrid feedstock for biodiesel production in the tropics

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Frontiers in Energy 2016年第3期10卷 329-336页

作者： Solomon GIWA Oludaisi ADEKOMAYA Collins NWAOKOCHA department of Agricultural and mechanical Engineering College of Engineering and Environmental Studies Olabisi Onabanjo UniversityIbogun Campus Ifo 234039 Nigeria

Recently, mixture of different oils at various proportions have been used as feedstock for biodiesel production. The primary aim is to improve fuel properties which are strongly influenced by the fatty acid composition of the individual oil that makes up the feedstock mix. The tropics are renowned for abundant oil-bearing crops of which palm kernel oil （PKO） from palm seed and groundnut oil （GNO） are prominent. This present paper investigated biodiesel production from hybrid oil （HO） of PKO （medium carbon chain and highly saturated oil） and GNO （long carbon chain and highly unsaturated oil） at 50/ 50 （v/v） blending. The principal fatty acids （FAs） in the HO are oleic （35.62%） and lauric acids （24.23%） with 47.80% of saturated FA and 52.26% of unsaturated FA contents. The chemical conversion of the oil to methyl ester （ME） gave 86.56% yield. Fuel properties of hybrid oil methyl ester （the HOME） were determined in accordance with standard test methods and were found to comply with both ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 standards. The oxidative stability, cetane number and kinematic viscosity （KV） of HOME were observed to be improved when compared with those of GNO methyl ester from single parent oil, which could be accredited to the improved FA composition of the HO. The KV （3.69 minE/s） of HOME obtained in this paper was remarkably low compared with those reported in literature for most biodiesels. This value suggests better flow, atomization, spray and combustion of this fuel. Conclusively, the binary blend of oils can be a viable option to improve the fuel properties ofbiodiesel feedstock coupled with reduced cost.

关键词： groundnut oil palm kernel oil methyl ester,fuel properties tropics fatty acid composition

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Analysis of Human Joint Forces in Standing Posture

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Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology 2009年第4期18卷 437-442页

作者：马超张明张春林李志香杨建鑫 School of mechanical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology department of Health Technology and informatics The Hong Kong Polytechnic University

Using the software Anybody Modeling System, a human static-standing musculoskeletal model based on inverse dynamics is presented, which are defined as segments, muscles and joints as dements. Simulation is based on data obtained from experiments using motion capture system VICADN and force plate AMTI. In the model AnyBody Modeling System is introduced to help solve the redundancy problem and obtain results of muscle activities, muscle forces and joint forces. From the model, hip and knee joint forces could be analyzed under normal standing posture. Also, activities of the musculus rectus femoris and several other muscles of the lower limbs can be obtained. From the results it could be concluded that stresses at joints are much stronger than theoretical reasoning because of the functions of relevant soft tissues such as muscles, tendons and so on. Results show that joint forces from the simulations are in good conformation with previous experimental researches. And this complicated model would be of use for better understanding human body functions.

关键词： joint reaction force inverse dynamics muscle-skeletal model AnyBody Modeling System

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Antipredator Behavioral Responses of Native and Exotic Tadpoles to Novel Predator

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Asian Herpetological Research 2015年第1期6卷 51-58页

作者： Fang ZHANG Juan ZHAO Yujie ZHANG Kevin MESSENGER Yong WANG College of Life Sciences Anhui Normal University department of Biological and environmental Sciences Alabama Agricultural and Mechanical University

Factors related to the invasion process, such as high abundance of invaders, residence time, and functional distinctiveness, are well documented, but less attention has been given to the effects of antipredator strategy of invasive species during colonization. In this study, we explored the antipredator strategy of an introduced species by comparing the predator avoidance behaviors of two native anuran species and one introduced （“exotic”） species in the presence of different predators. The two native anuran species used in the study were Black-spotted Pond FrogRana nigromaculata and Terrestrial Frog Rana limnocharis. The introduced （invasive） species used was American bullfrogLithobates catesbeianus. Chinese pond turtleChinemys reevesii, Red-backed rat snakeElaphe rufodorsata, and Big-headed turtle Platysternon megacephalum were used as predator species. Chinese pond turtles and Red-backed rat snakes are native predators of Black-spotted Pond Frogs and Terrestrial Frogs, while Big-headed turtles are novel （“unfamiliar”） to the two frogs. All three predator species are novel （“unfamiliar”） to the American bullfrog. The results show that tadpoles of the two native species displayed behaviors of recognizing the two native predators, but did not display the capability of identifying the novel predator. Results from our study also suggest that American bullfrog tadpoles exhibited strong antipredator behavioral responses by displaying the capability of identifying “unfamiliar” predators without cohabitation history and prior exposure to them. Such antipredator behavioral responses could have resulted in more favorable outcomes for an invading species during the invasive introductory process.

关键词： tadpoles Bullfrog antipredator responses chemical cues novel predator

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Temperature Dependence and P/Zn Ratio in Phosphoric Acid Treatment of Zinc Oxide

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2016年第5期32卷 432-436页

作者： Hiroaki Onoda Yurie Sato department of informatics and environmental Sciences Kyoto Prefectural University1-5Shimogamo Nakaragi-cyoSakyo-kuKyoto 606-8522Japan

Zinc oxide, which has photocatalytic activity, is used as white pigment for cosmetics. A certain degree of sebum on the skin is decomposed by ultraviolet radiation in sunlight. In this work, zinc oxide was shaken with phosphoric acid to synthesize a white pigment for cosmetics. Zinc oxide was set with 0.1 mol/L of phosphoric acid at P/Zn = 1/1 and 1/2, and then shaking in hot water for 1 h. The chemical composition, powder properties, photocatalytic activity, color phase, and smoothness of the obtained powder were studied. The P/Zn ratio in preparation had an effect on the reaction between phosphoric acid and zinc oxide. The photocatalytic activity of zinc oxide was inhibited by phosphoric acid treatment. The obtained samples had enough high reflectance at the visible light region.

关键词： Zinc oxide Photocatalytic activity Powder processing

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Prediction of selected biodiesel fuel properties using artificial neural network

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Frontiers in Energy 2015年第4期9卷 433-445页

作者： Solomon O. GIWA Sunday O. ADEKOMAYA Kayode O. ADAMA Moruf O. MUKAILA department of Agricultural and mechanical Engineering College of Engineering and Environmental Studies Olabisi Onabanjo University lbogun Campus Ifo Ogun State Nigeria

Biodiesel is an alternative fuel to replace fossil- based diesel fuel. It has fuel properties similar to diesel which are generally determined experimentally. The experimental determination of various properties of biodiesel is costly, time consuming and a tedious process. To solve these problems, artificial neural network （ANN） has been considered as a vital tool for estimating the fuel properties of biodiesel, especially from its fatty acid （FA） composition. In this study, four ANNs have been designed and trained to predict the cetane number （CN）, flash point （FP）, kinematic viscosity （KV） and density of biodiesel using ANN with logsig and purelin transfer functions in the hidden layer of all the networks. The five most prevalent FAs from 55 feedstocks found in the literature utilized as the input parameters for the model are palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and linolenie acids except for density network with a sixth parameter （temperature）. Other FAs that are present in the biodiesels have been considered based on the number of carbon atom chains and the level of saturation. From this study, the prediction accuracy and the average absolute deviation of the networks are CN （96.69%; 1.637%）, KV （95.80%; 1.638%）, FP （99.07%; 0.997%） and density （99.40%; 0.101%）. These values are reasonably better compared to previous studies on empirical correlations and ANN predictions of these fuel properties found in literature. Hence, the present study demonstrates the ability of ANN model to predict fuel properties of biodiesel with high accuracy.

关键词： biodiesel fuel properties artificial neuralnetwork fatty acid prediction

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Comparison of adaptive structural damage identification techniques in nonlinear hysteretic vibration isolation systems

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2013年第4期12卷 659-667页

作者： Mu Tengfei Zhou Li Jann N.Yang State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of mechanical Structures Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics department of Civil and environmental Engineering University of California

Early structural damage identification to obtain an accurate condition assessment can assist in the reprioritization of structural retrofitting schedules in order to guarantee structural safety. Nowadays, seismic isolation technology has been applied in a wide variety of infrastructure, such as buildings, bridges, etc., and the health conditions of these nonlinear hysteretic vibration isolation systems have received considerable attention. To effectively detect structural damage in vibration isolation systems based on vibration data, three time-domain analysis techniques, referred to as the adaptive extended Kalman filter （AEKF）, adaptive sequential nonlinear least-square estimation （ASNLSE） and adaptive quadratic sum-sqnares error （AQSSE）, have been investigated. In this research, these analysis techniques are compared in terms of accuracy, convergence and efficiency, for structural damage detection using experimental data obtained through a series of laboratory tests based on a base-isolated structural model subjected to E1 Centro and Kobe earthquake excitations. The capability of the AEKF, ASNLSE and AQSSE approaches in tracking structural damage is demonstrated and compared.

关键词： structural health monitoring parameter identification damage tracking nonlinear hysteretic system experimental verification

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Disbond detection with piezoelectric wafer active sensors in RC structures strengthened with FRP composite overlays

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2003年第2期2卷 213-223页

作者： Victor Giurgiutiu Kent Harries Michael Petrou Joel Bost Josh B.Quattlebaum department of mechanical Engineering University of South CarolinaUSA Associate Professor department of Civil and environmental Engineering University of South CarolinaUSA Assistant Professor department of Civil and environmental Engineering University of South CarolinaUSA Associate Professor department of mechanical Engineering University of South CarolinaUSA Undergraduate Research Assistant department of Civil and environmental Engineering University of South CarolinaUSA Graduate Research Assistant

The capability of embedded piezoelectric wafer active sensors(PWAS)to perform in-situ nondestructive evaluation(NDE)for structural health monitoring(SHM)of reinforced concrete(RC)structures strengthened with fiber reinforced polymer(FRP)composite overlays is ***,the disbond detection method were developed on coupon specimens consisting of concrete blocks covered with an FRP composite *** was found that the presence of a disbond crack drastically changes the electromecfianical(E/M)impedance spectrum lneasurcd at the PWAS *** spectral changes depend on the distance between the PWAS and the crack ***,large scale experiments were conducted on a RC beam strengthened with carbon fiber reinforced polymer(CFRP)composite *** beam was subject to an accelerated fatigue load regime in a three-point bending configuration up to a total of 807,415 *** these fatigue tests,the CFRP overlay experienced disbonding beginning at about 500,000 *** PWAS were able to detect the disbonding before it could be reliably seen by visual *** correlation between the PWAS readings and the position and extent of disbond damage was *** preliminary results demonstrate the potential of PWAS technology for SHM of RC structures strengthened with FRP composite overlays.

关键词： FRP composite overlays composite strengthening and rehabilitation structural health monitoring piezoelectric wafer active sensors E/M impedance aging infrastructure disbond damage PWAS

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Effect of Duct Geometry on Shock Wave Discharge

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Journal of Thermal Science 2006年第4期15卷 349-354页

作者： Y.-H.Kweon Y.Miyazato T.Aoki H.-D.Kim T.Setoguchi department of Energy and environmental Engineering Kyushu UniversityKasuga 816-8580Japan Faculty of environmental Engineering The University of KitakyushuKitakyushu 808-0135Japan School of mechanical Engineering Andong National UniversityAndong 760-749Korea department of mechanical System Engineering Saga UniversitySaga 840-8502Japan

This paper describes computational work to understand the unsteady flow-field of a shock wave discharging from an exit of a duct and impinging upon a flat plate. A flat plate is located downstream, and normal to the axis of the duct. The distance between the exit of the duct and flat plate is changed. In the present study, two different duct geometries （i.e., square and cross section） are simulated to investigate the effect of duct geometry on the un-steady flows of a shock wave. In computation, the total variation diminishing （TVD） scheme is employed to solve three-dimensional, unsteady, compressible, Euler equations. Computations are performed over the range of shock Mach number from 1.05 to 1.75. Computational results can predict the three-dimensional dynamic behaviour of the shock wave impinging upon the flat plate. The results obtained show that the pressure increase generated on the plate by the shock impingement depends on the duct geometry and the distance between the duct exit and plate, as well as the shock Mach number. It is also found that for the duct with cross-section, the unsteady loads acting on the flat plate are less, compared with the square duct.

关键词： unsteady flow compressible flow shock wave shock impingement duct geometry

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Simulation of embedded heat exchangers of solar aided ground source heat pump system

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Journal of Central South University 2008年第S2期15卷 261-266页

作者：王芳郑茂余邵俊鹏李忠建 School of Municipal and environmental Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology department of mechanical Power Engineering Harbin University of Science and Technology

Aimed at unbalance of soil temperature field of ground source heat pump system, solar aided energy storage system was established. In solar assisted ground-source heat pump (SAGSHP) system with soil storage, solar energy collected in three seasons was stored in the soil by vertical U type soil exchangers. The heat abstracted by the ground-source heat pump and collected by the solar collector was employed to heating. Some of the soil heat exchangers were used to store solar energy in the soil so as to be used in next winter after this heating period; and the others were used to extract cooling energy directly in the soil by circulation pump for air conditioning in summer. After that solar energy began to be stored in the soil and ended before heating period. Three dimensional dynamic numerical simulations were built for soil and soil heat exchanger through finite element method. Simulation was done in different strata month by month. Variation and restoration of soil temperature were studied. Economy and reliability of long term SAGSHP system were revealed. It can be seen that soil temperature is about 3 ℃ higher than the original one after one year's running. It is beneficial for the system to operate for long period.

关键词： solar assisted ground source heat pump (ASGSHP) soil storage three dimensional simulations heating and cooling

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