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Multi-region calcium imaging in freely behaving mice with ultra-compact head-mounted fluorescence microscopes

National Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 161-173页

作者： Feng Xue Fei Li Ke-ming Zhang Lufeng Ding Yang Wang Xingtao Zhao Fang Xu Danke Zhang Mingzhai Sun Pak-Ming Lau Qingyuan Zhu Pengcheng Zhou Guo-Qiang Bi Institute of Artiflcial Intelligence Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instruments University of Science and Technology of China Hefei National Laboratory for Physical sciences at the Microscale University of Science and Technology of China Interdisciplinary Center for Brain Information the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Faculty of life and Health sciences Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences School of life sciences University of Science and Technology of China Institute of Semiconductors Chinese Academy of Sciences department of Modern life sciences and Biotecnology Xiongan Institute of Innovation Xiongan New Area Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research University of Science and Technology of China

To investigate the circuit-level neural mechanisms of behavior, simultaneous imaging of neuronal activity in multiple cortical and subcortical regions is highly desired. Miniature head-mounted microscopes offer the capability of calcium imaging in freely behaving animals. However, implanting multiple microscopes on a mouse brain remains challenging due to space constraints and the cumbersome weight of the equipment.Here, we present TINIscope, a Tightly Integrated Neuronal Imaging microscope optimized for electronic and opto-mechanical design. With its compact and lightweight design of 0.43 g, TINIscope enables unprecedented simultaneous imaging of behavior-relevant activity in up to four brain regions in mice.Proof-of-concept experiments with TINIscope recorded over 1000 neurons in four hippocampal subregions and revealed concurrent activity patterns spanning across these regions. Moreover, we explored potential multi-modal experimental designs by integrating additional modules for optogenetics, electrical stimulation or local field potential recordings. Overall, TINIscope represents a timely and indispensable tool for studying the brain-wide interregional coordination that underlies unrestrained behaviors.

关键词： miniature microscope multiple sites calcium imaging multimodal integration hippocampus

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Challenges and opportunities in the production of magnesium parts by directed energy deposition processes

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第5期12卷 1663-1686页

作者： Gürel ?am Ali Günen Iskenderun Technical University Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Department of Mechanical Engineering Iskenderun Technical University Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering

Mg-alloys have gained considerable attention in recent years for their outstanding properties such as lightweight, high specific strength,and corrosion resistance, making them attractive for applications in medical, aerospace, automotive, and other transport industries. However,their widespread application is hindered by their low formability at room temperature due to limited slip systems. Cast Mg-alloys have low mechanical properties due to the presence of casting defects such as porosity and anisotropy in addition to the high scrap. While casting methods benefit from established process optimization techniques for these problems, additive manufacturing methods are increasingly replacing casting methods in Mg alloys as they provide more precise control over the microstructure and allow specific grain orientations,potentially enabling easier optimization of anisotropy properties in certain applications.Although metal additive manufacturing(MAM) technology also results in some manufacturing defects such as inhomogeneous microstructural evolution and porosity and additively manufactured Mg alloy parts exhibit lower properties than the wrought parts, they in general exhibit superior properties than the cast counterparts. Thus, MAM is a promising technique to produce Mg alloy parts. Directed energy deposition processes, particularly wire arc directed energy deposition(WA-DED), have emerged as an advantageous additive manufacturing(AM) technique for metallic materials including magnesium alloys, offering advantages such as high deposition rates, improved material efficiency, and reduced production costs compared to subtractive processes. However, the inherent challenges associated with magnesium,such as its high reactivity and susceptibility to oxidation, pose unique hurdles in the application of this technology.This review paper delves into the progress made in the application of DED technology to Mg-alloys, its challenges, and prospects.Furthermore, the predominant imperfections, notably inhomogeneous microstructur

关键词： Additive manufacturing DED processes Arc-DED Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) 3-D printing High deposition rate

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Polyimide covalent organic frameworks as efficient solid-state Li^(+) electrolytes

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第5期67卷 1647-1652页

作者： Xu Liu Shi Wang Siqi Liu Chengfang Liu Xiangchun Li Jian Wu Dazhi Li Shihao Xu Chongyang Liu Wen-Yong Lai State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays(SKLOEID) Institute of Advanced Materials(IAM)School of Chemistry and Life SciencesNanjing University of Posts&TelecommunicationsNanjing 210023China

Covalent organic frameworks(COFs) are attractive porous crystalline materials with extremely high stability, easy functionalization, and open channels, which are expected to be unique ion conductors/transporters in lithium ion batteries(LIBs). Despite recent advances, low ion conductivity and low transference number, resulting in low charging/discharging rate, low energy density, and short battery life, are the main issues that limit their direct application as solid electrolytes in LIBs. Here, we designed and synthesized a novel polyimide COF, namely, TAPA-PDI-COF, with abundant C=O groups, which has been successfully employed as high-performance solid electrolytes by doping TAPA-PDI-COF and succinonitrile(SN). Both the well-defined nanochannels of COFs and SN confined in the well-aligned channels restricted the free migration of anions, while C=O on COFs and CN groups of SN enhanced Li^(+) transport, thus achieving a high ion conductivity of 0.102 m S cm^(-1)at 80 °C and a high lithium-ion transference number of 0.855 at room temperature. According to density functional theory(DFT)calculations, Li-ion migration mainly adopted in-plane transport rather than the axial pathway, which may be due to the shorter hopping distances in the planar pathway. The results suggest an effective strategy for the design and development of all-solidstate ionic conductors for achieving high-performance LIBs.

关键词： lithium ion batteries(LIBs) covalent organic frameworks(COFs) solid-state ion conductors solid-state electrolytes ion conductivity

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Gut flora in multiple sclerosis:implications for pathogenesis and treatment

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第7期19卷 1480-1488页

作者： Weiwei Zhang Ying Wang Mingqin Zhu Kangding Liu Hong-Liang Zhang department of Neurology the First Hospital of Jilin UniversityJilin UniversityChangchunJilin ProvinceChina department of life sciences National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaBeijingChina

Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory disorder chara cterized by inflammation,demyelination,and neurodegeneration in the central nervous system.Although current first-line therapies can help manage symptoms and slow down disease progression,there is no cure for multiple sclerosis.The gut-brain axis refers to complex communications between the gut flo ra and the immune,nervous,and endocrine systems,which bridges the functions of the gut and the brain.Disruptions in the gut flora,termed dys biosis,can lead to systemic inflammation,leaky gut syndrome,and increased susceptibility to infections.The pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis involves a combination of genetic and environmental factors,and gut flora may play a pivotal role in regulating immune responses related to multiple scle rosis.To develop more effective therapies for multiple scle rosis,we should further uncover the disease processes involved in multiple sclerosis and gain a better understanding of the gut-brain axis.This review provides an overview of the role of the gut flora in multiple scle rosis.

关键词： gut flora gut-brain axis multiple sclerosis pathogenesis treatment

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Correlation between the gut microbiome and neurodegenerative diseases:a review of metagenomics evidence

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第4期19卷 833-845页

作者： Xiaoyan Liu Yi Liu Junlin Liu Hantao Zhang Chaofan Shan Yinglu Guo Xun Gong Mengmeng Cui Xiubin Li Min Tang School of life sciences Jiangsu University Institute of Animal Husbandry Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences department of Rheumatology&Immunology Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University department of Neurology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University

A growing body of evidence suggests that the gut microbiota contributes to the development of neurodegenerative diseases via the microbiota-gut-brain axis.As a contributing factor,microbiota dysbiosis always occurs in pathological changes of neurodegenerative diseases,such as Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson’s disease,and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.High-throughput sequencing technology has helped to reveal that the bidirectional communication between the central nervous system and the enteric nervous system is facilitated by the microbiota’s diverse microorganisms,and for both neuroimmune and neuroendocrine systems.Here,we summarize the bioinformatics analysis and wet-biology validation for the gut metagenomics in neurodegenerative diseases,with an emphasis on multi-omics studies and the gut virome.The pathogen-associated signaling biomarkers for identifying brain disorders and potential therapeutic targets are also elucidated.Finally,we discuss the role of diet,prebiotics,probiotics,postbiotics and exercise interventions in remodeling the microbiome and reducing the symptoms of neurodegenerative diseases.

关键词： biomarker diet pattern gut microbiota gut-brain axis metagenomics mitochondrial dysfunction multi-omics neurodegenerative disease neuroinflammation probiotic

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Hole-Transporting materials with Rational Combination of Pyridine and Dibenzo[a,c]phenazine as Electron Acceptor for Dopant-Free Perovskite Solar Cells

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2024年第10期42卷 1100-1106页

作者： Weidong Ling Fei Wu Wentao Yuan Linna Zhu Qianqian Li Zhen Li Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Opto-Electronic materials Department of ChemistryWuhan UniversityWuhanHubei 430072China Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced materials and Technologies of Clean Energy Faculty of Materials&EnergySouthwest UniversityChongqing400715China TaiKang Center for life and Medical sciences Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubei 430072China

Perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have been proven to be a promising option for photovoltaic conversion.With the aim to achieve efficient and stable PSCs,it is essential to explore dopant-free hole-transporting materials(HTMs)with high hole mobility.Herein,HTMs bearing electron donor(D)-electron acceptor(A)-electron donor(D)structures have been constructed with strong intramolecular charge transfer(ICT)effect,based on rational combination of dibenzo[a,c]phenazine and pyridine as electronic acceptors and anchoring groups to perovskite layer.Accordingly,high hole mobility(7.31×10^(-5) cm^(2)·V^(-1)·s^(-1))and photoelectric conversion efficiency(20.45%)have been achieved by dopant-free DPyP-based PSC.It afforded an efficient way to design HTMs with high hole mobility by adjustment of molecular configurations and electronic property of conjugated systems.

关键词： Perovskite solar cell Charge transfer Donor-acceptor systems Energy conversion Hole mobility

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Sleep-based neuronal oscillations as a physiological biomarker for Alzheimer's disease:is night time the right time?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第7期19卷 1417-1418页

作者： Jonathan Witton Erica S.Brady Michael T.Craig department of Clinical and Biomedical sciences Faculty of Health and Life SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeterEnglandUK Gladstone Institute for Neurological Disease San FranciscoCAUSA School of Psychology and Neuroscience College of MedicalVeterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowScotlandUK

Dementia is a devastating syndrome characterized by memory problems,confusion,and behavior changes that prevent people from performing everyday activities.It is the leading cause of dependency and disability amongst older people,resulting in a global economic cost of ~$1.3 trillion.Around 58 million people are currently afflicted by dementia worldwide,with Alzheimer s disease(AD) causing most(60-70%) of these cases.

关键词： Alzheimer everyday performing

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Reconstitution of double-negative T cells after cord blood transplantation and its predictive value for acute graft-versus-host disease

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中华医学杂志(英文版) 2024年第10期137卷 1207-1217页

作者： Pan Tianzhong Ding Peng Huang Aijie Tang Baolin Song Kaidi Sun Guangyu Wu Yue Yang Shiying Chen Xingchi Wang Dongyao Zhu Xiaoyu department of Hematology The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC Division of Life Sciences and Medicine University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui China Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Blood Research and Applications Hefei Anhui China Blood and Cell Therapy Institute Division of Life Sciences and Medicine University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui China Division of life sciences and Medicine University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui China The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC Division of Life Sciences and Medicine University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui China

Background: With an increasing number of patients with hematological malignancies being treated with umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT), the correlation between immune reconstitution (IR) after UCBT and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) has been reported successively, but reports on double-negative T (DNT) cell reconstitution and its association with acute GVHD (aGVHD) after UCBT are lacking.Methods: A population-based observational study was conducted among 131 patients with hematological malignancies who underwent single-unit UCBT as their first transplant at the department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, between August 2018 and June 2021. IR differences were compared between the patients with and without aGVHD.Results: The absolute number of DNT cells in the healthy Chinese population was 109 (70-157)/μL, accounting for 5.82 (3.98-8.19)% of lymphocytes. DNT cells showed delayed recovery and could not reach their normal levels even one year after transplantation. Importantly, the absolute number and percentage of DNT cells were significantly higher in UCBT patients without aGVHD than in those with aGVHD within one year (F = 4.684,P = 0.039 andF = 5.583,P = 0.026, respectively). In addition, the number of DNT cells in the first month after transplantation decreased significantly with the degree of aGVHD increased, and faster DNT cell reconstitution in the first month after UCBT was an independent protective factor for aGVHD (HR = 0.46, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.23-0.93;P = 0.031).Conclusions: Compared to the number of DNT cells in Chinese healthy people, the reconstitution of DNT cells in adults with hematological malignancies after UCBT was slow. In addition, the faster reconstitution of DNT cells in the early stage after transplantation was associated with a lower incidence of aGVHD.

关键词： Umbilical cord blood transplantation Graft-versus-host disease Immune reconstitution Double negative T Hematological Malignancies Treg cell Breg cell

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An efficient CuZr-based metallic glasses electrode material for electrocatalytic degradation of azo dyes

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2024年第2期136卷 537-546页

作者： Zhiwang Deng Bowen Zhao Songtao Li Zhengkun Li Shiming Zhang Kewei Zhang Zhengwang Zhu Taiyuan University of Science and Technology School of materials science and engineeringTaiyuan 030024China Shi-changxu Innovation Center for Advanced materials Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China Chinese Academy of sciences Key Laboratory of Nuclear materials and Safety Assessment Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China Qingdao Yunlu Advanced materials Technology Co. Ltd.Qingdao 266232China

Metallic glasses have received a lot of attention on wastewater treatment due to their unique atomic structure,and the use of metallic glasses as electrodes has produced unexpected electrocatalytic degradation effects for many pollutants through combining with electrochemical technology.However,it still is a formidable challenge to find a metallic glass electrode material with both efficient and clean for the catalytic degradation of pollutants.In this work,the Cu_(55)Zr_(45)metallic glassy ribbons are used as an electrode to degrade azo dyes and show the excellent degradation effect,which can reach 95.6%within 40 min.In the degradation process,almost no additives are produced and Cu_(55)Zr_(45)metallic glassy ribbons have excellent effects under different pH conditions.Meanwhile,it exhibits good stability for degradation efficiency during the 8 cycle degradation tests of the amorphous alloy electrode.When the copper nanoparticles are exposed on the surface of the ribbons,the oxidized copper obtained synergistically produce activated radicals is the primary degradation mechanism,where the auxiliary degradation mechanisms include electron transfer and the promotion of active chlorine.This research develops a new type of electrode material for wastewater treatment,and the economy and high efficiency of Cu55Zr45metallic glass endow it the expandable functional applications.

关键词： Metallic glasses Azo dyes Electrocatalytic Degradation Oxidized copper

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A repertoire of intronic lariat RNAs reveals tissue-specific regulation and target mimicry potential in plants

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Science China(life sciences) 2024年第6期67卷 1280-1291页

作者： Yong Zhang Xiaotuo Zhang Qi Tang Lei Li Ting Jiang Yixiao Fang Hong Zhang Jixian Zhai Guodong Ren Binglian Zheng State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering Institute of Plant BiologySchool of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai 200438China department of Biology School of Life SciencesSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China

Lariat RNA is concomitantly produced by excised intron during RNA splicing,which is usually debranched by DBR1,an RNA debranching enzyme.However,increasing evidence showed that some lariat RNA could escape debranching.Little is known about how and why these lariat RNAs could be retained.By comparing the atlas of lariat RNAs between the non-dividing cell(mature pollen)and three actively dividing tissues(young shoot apex,young seeds,and young roots),we identified hundreds to thousands of lariat RNA naturally retained in each tissue,and the incidence of lariat RNA retention is much less in shoot apex while much more in pollen.Many lariat RNAs derived from the same intron or different lariat RNAs from the same pre-m RNA could be retained in one tissue while degraded in the other tissues.By deciphering lariat RNA sequences,we identified an AG-rich(RAAAAVAAAR)motif and a UC-rich(UCUCUYUCUC)motif for pollen-specific and the other three tissues-retained lariat RNAs,respectively.Reconstitution of the pollen-specific AG-rich motif indeed enhanced lariat RNA retention in plants.Biologically,hundreds of lariat RNAs harbored mi RNA binding sites,and dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that these natural lariat RNAs had the potential to protect expression of mi RNA target genes.Collectively,our results uncover that selective retention of lariat RNA is an actively regulatory process,and provide new insights into understanding how lariat RNA metabolism may impact mi RNA activity.

关键词： intron turnover lariat RNA miRNA RNA splicing DBR1

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