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Integrating small mammal community variables into aircraft–wildlife collision management plans at Namibian airports

Integrative Zoology 2015年第6期10卷 515-530页

作者： Morgan L.HAUPTFLEISCH Nico L.AVENANT department of Agriculture and Natural Resources Sciences Polytechnic of NamibiaWindhoekNamibia department of mammalogy National Museumand Centre for Environmental ManagementUniversity of the Free StateBloemfonteinSouth Africa

Understanding ecosystems within and around airports can help to determine the causes and possible mitigation measures for collisions between aircraft and *** mammal communities are an important component of the semi-arid savanna ecosystems of Namibia,its productivity and its ecosystem *** are also a major direct attractant for raptors at *** present study compared the abundance and diversity of small mammals between Namibia’s 2 main airport properties(Hosea Kutako International Airport and Eros Airport),and among areas of land used for various purposes surrounding the airports.A total of 2150 small mammals(3 orders,11 species)were captured over 4 trapping *** mammal abundance was significantly higher at the end of the growing season than during the non-growing *** grass mowing regimen in current management plans at the airports resulted in a significant reduction of small mammal abundance at Hosea Kutako during the non-growing season only,thus indicating that annual mowing is effective but insufficient to reduce the overall abundance of mammal prey species for *** mammal numbers were significantly higher at Hosea Kutako Airport compared to the cattle and game farming land surrounding the airport,while no differences in small mammal densities or diversity were found for areas with different land uses at and surrounding *** study suggests that the fence around Hosea Kutako provides a refuge for small mammals,resulting in higher *** also indicates that different surrounding land use practices result in altered ecosystem function and productivity,an important consideration when identifying wildlife attractants at airports.

关键词： airport ecosystems bird strike risk Namibia small mammal indicators

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Small mammal diversity and habitat requirements in the Kahuzi- Biega National Park and surrounding areas, eastern Democratic Republic of Congo

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Integrative Zoology 2007年第4期2卷 239-246页

作者： Prince K.KALEME John BATES Julian Kerbis PETERANS Mwanga M.JACQUES Benjamin R.NDARA Laboratory of mammalogy Biology DepartmentCRSN LwiroBukavuDR Congo Zoology department the Field Museum of Natural HistoryChicagoUSA

We conducted a study on diversity and habitat requirements of small mammals in the western part of the AlbertineRift, eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. The work aimed at providing a more complete list of species recordedto date and their habitat requirements to aid conservation efforts in the region. Trapping was conducted usingMuseum special, Victor traps, Sherman live traps and pitfall traps in four different habitats. A total of 57 specieswas recorded. Plantations and open habitats harbored the same species. In the forested areas we recorded 30 specieswhich are not tolerant to disturbance. Eighteen species are Albertine Rift endemics. One species (Lophuromyscinereus), which is vulnerable and data deficient, has been recorded only in swamp. This study has recorded morespecies than the previous studies, some of which have not been reported in earlier studies. Differences between thisand earlier studies are attributed to methods and the areas sampled. Some of the habitats sampled by previousworkers have not been assessed. More research is needed, especially in swamps in mountain areas and in deepforests inhabited by species not present at lower altitudes.

关键词： diversity habitat requirements Kahuzi-Biega small mammal

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Correlating rodent community structure with ecological integrity, Tussen-die-Riviere Nature Reserve, Free State province, South Africa

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Integrative Zoology 2007年第4期2卷 212-219页

作者： Nico L.AVENANT Paolo CAVALLINI department of mammalogy National Museumand Centre for Environmental ManagementUniversity of the Free StateBloemfonteinSouth Africa Faunalia Consulenze Pontedera PI 56025Italy

Rodents form a vital component of Free State ecosystems and monitoring them may be a relatively quick andinexpensive method of indicating healthy or unhealthy ecosystem functioning. Using removal trapping, we havestudied rodent seasonal abundance, species richness, Shannon diversity, and evenness of rodents in four habitats inthe Tussen-die-Riviere Nature Reserve, inspected the most successful sampling method for these habitats, andreport on their community structure and how it is related to an Ecological Index (≈ EI value of grassland). Bothspecies richness and Shannon diversity increased significantly with EI value. The indicator species Mastomyscoucha occurred at all plots, but contributed the largest proportion of the total captures (ca. 80%) at the plot withlowest EI value. Other results important for small mammal monitoring and collecting are that trap success andspecies richness was highest in autumn. This study also confirms that four days and nights continuous trapping isessential for the effective sampling of rodent communities in Free State grasslands. Our results partially supportexpectations that the number of specialist species increases with succession, M. coucha dominance acts as anindicator of habitat disturbance, rodent species richness conforms to Tilman’s hump-shaped curve model, and addsto a baseline of diversity indices in a variety of grassland habitats.

关键词： community structure diversity ecological integrity rodents species richness

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Diversity and distribution patterns of non-volant smallmammals along different elevation gradients on Mt. Kenya,Kenya

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Zoological Research 2019年第1期40卷 53-60页

作者： Simon Musila Zhong-Zheng Chen Quan Li Richard Yego Bin Zhang Kenneth Onditi Immaculate Muthoni Shui-Wang He Samson Omondi James Mathenge Esther N.Kioko Xue-Long Jiang mammalogy Section Department of Zoology National Museums of Kenya Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Anhui Province Key Laboratory for Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resource College of Life Science Anhui Normal University Sino-Africa Joint Research Center Chinese Academy of Sciences Kenya Wildlife Service Mweiga Research Station

The distribution of small mammals in mountainous environments across different elevations can provide important information on the effects of climate change on the dispersal of species. However, few studies conducted on Afromontane ecosystems have compared the altitudinal patterns of small mammal diversity. We investigated the species diversity and abundance of non-volant small mammals(hereafter ‘small mammals')on Mt. Kenya, the second tallest mountain in Africa,using a standard sampling scheme. Nine sampling transects were established at intervals of 200 m on the eastern(Chogoria) and western(Sirimon) slopes.A total of 1 905 individuals representing 25 species of small mammals were trapped after 12 240 *** was highest at mid-elevations on both ***, species richness and their distribution patterns differed between the two slopes. More species were recorded on Chogoria(24) than on Sirimon(17). On Chogoria, species richness was higher at mid-high elevations, with a peak at mid-elevation(2 800 m a.s.l.),whereas species richness showed little variation on the Sirimon slope. These results indicate that patterns of species diversity can differ between slopes on the same mountain. In addition, we extensively reviewed literature on Mt. Kenya's mammals and compiled a comprehensive checklist of 76 mammalian species. However, additional research is required to improve our understanding of smal mammal diversity in mountain habitats in Africa.

关键词： Small mammals Species richness Abundance Elevation Mt.Kenya

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Carnivore stable carbon isotope niches reflect predator–prey size relationships in African savannas

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Integrative Zoology 2018年第2期13卷 166-179页

作者： Jacqueline CODRON Nico L AVENANT Corli WIGLEY-COETSEE Daryl CODRON mammalogy department National MuseumBloemfonteinSouth Africa Florisbad Quaternary Research department National MuseumBloemfonteinSouth Africa Centre for Environmental Management University of the Free StateBloemfonteinSouth Africa Scientific Services SANParksSkukuzaSouth Africa School of Natural Resource Management Nelson Mandela UniversityGeorge CampusSouth Africa Institute for Geosciences Palaeontology/Sclerochronology Research GroupJohannes Gütenberg UniversityMainzGermany

Predator-prey size relationships are among the most important patterns underlying the structure and function of ecological ***,these relationships have already been shown to be important for understanding patterns of macroevolution and differential extinction in the terrestrial vertebrate fossil *** isotope analysis(SIA)is a powerful remote approach to examining animal diets and *** approach is based on the principle that isotope compositions of consumer tissues reflect those of their *** systems where resource isotope compositions are distributed along a body size gradient,SIA could be used to reconstruct predator-prey size *** analyzed stable carbon isotope distributions amongst mammalian herbivores in extant and Plio-Pleistocene African savanna assemblages,and show that the range ofδ^(13)C values among mammalian prey species(herbivores and rodents)increases with body mass(BM),because C_(4) plant feeding(essentially grazing)is more common among larger ***,δ^(13)C values of mammalian carnivores in these systems are related to species’BM,reflecting a higher average C_(4) prey component in the diets of larger-bodied *** pattern likely emerges because only the largest carnivores in these systems have regular access to the C_(4) prey base,whereas smaller carnivores do ***δ^(13)C-BM relationship observed in mammalian carnivores is a potentially powerful approach for reconstructing and parameterizing predator-prey size relationships in contemporary and fossil savanna assemblages,and for interpreting how various behavioral,ecological and environmental factors influence prey size selection.

关键词： body mass carbonate collagen hair pleistocene

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Adaptation in brain structure and respiratory and olfactory structures across environmental gradients in African and North American muroid rodents

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 165-181页

作者： Peter J.TAYLOR Aluwani NENGOVHELA Christiane DENYS Graham R.SCOTT Catherine M.IVY department of Zoology School of Natural and Mathematical SciencesUniversity of VendaThohoyandouSouth Africa Afromontane Unit Department of Zoology and EntomologyUniversity of the Free StatePhuthaditjhabaSouth Africa department of mammalogy National MuseumBloemfonteinSouth Africa Institut de Systématique EvolutionBiodiversité(ISYEB)Muséum National d’Histoire NaturelleCNRSSorbonne UniversitéEPHEUniversitéDes AntillesParisFrance department of Biology McMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada Guglielmo and Shoemaker Labs Advanced Facility for Avian ResearchUniversity of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada

Morphometric studies of 3D micro CT-scanned images can provide insights into the evolution of the brain and sensory structures but such data are still scarce for the most diverse mammalian order of *** reviewed and new data,we tested for convergence to extreme aridity and high elevation in the sensory and brain morphology of rodents,from morphometric data from micro-CT X-ray scans of 174 crania of 16 species of three distantly re-lated African murid(soft-furred mice,Praomyini,laminate-toothed rats,Otomyini,and gerbils,Gerbillinae)clades and one North American cricetid(deer mice and white-footed mice,Peromyscus)*** studies demon-strated convergent evolution acting on the oval window area of the cochlea(enlarged in extremely arid-adapted species of Otomyini and Gerbillinae)and on endocranial volume(reduced in high elevation taxa of Otomyini and Peromyscus).However,contrary to our predictions,we did notfind evidence of convergence in brain struc-ture to aridity,or in the olfactory/respiratory system(turbinate bones)to high *** structure differed,particularly in the petrosal lobules of the cerebellum and the olfactory bulbs,between Otomyini and Gerbillinae,with extreme arid-adapted species in each clade being highly divergent(not convergent)from other species in the same *** observed greater“packing”of the maxillary turbinate bones,which have important respiratory functions,in Peromyscus mice from high and low elevations compared to the high-elevation African Praomyini,but more complex patterns within Peromyscus,probably related to trade-offs in respiratory physiology and heat exchange in the nasal epithelium associated with high-elevation adaptation.

关键词： 3D morphometrics Africa brain size North America Rodentia sensory evolution

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Late Miocene/Early Pliocene vertebrate fauna from Mallorca(Balearic Islands,Western Mediterranean):an update

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Integrative Zoology 2014年第2期9卷 183-196页

作者： Pere BOVER Juan ROFES Salvador BAILON Jordi AGUSTÍ Gloria CUENCA-BESCÓS Enric TORRES Josep Antoni ALCOVER IMEDEA(CSIC-UIB) Mediterranean Institute for Advanced StudiesDepartment of Biodiversity and ConservationBalearic IslandsSpain Research Associate Division of Vertebrate Zoology/mammalogy department American Museum of Natural HistoryNew YorkNYUSA department of Stratigraphy and Paleontology University of the Basque CountryLeioaSpain Grupo Aragosaurus-IUCA Area of PaleontologíaEarth Sciences DepartmentUniversity of ZaragozaZaragozaSpain UMR 7209-7194 of CNRS Department of Ecology and Biodiversity ManagementNational Museum of Natural HistoryParisFrance ICREA Institut Catalàde Paleoecologia Humana i EvolucióSocial(IPHES)Universitat Rovira i VirgiliTarragonaSpain

The vertebrate fossil record from the Balearic Islands(western Mediterranean)has improved considerably over the past decade,especially in Mallorca and *** Menorca,the Pliocene terrestrial fauna was updated by the discovery and description of the large-sized leporid Nuralagus,several reptiles and an *** Mal-lorca,paleontological exploration yielded 2 deposits with a Late Miocene/Early Pliocene chronology,Calóden Rafelino(CdR)and Na Burguesa-1(NB-1).So far,4 new mammalian taxa and 2 new reptiles have been iden-tified for the CdR deposit,whereas the faunal assemblage from the recently discovered deposit(Apr 2012)of NB-1 is currently composed of,at least,6 terrestrial mammals,8 reptiles and an *** faunal composi-tion and some primitive characteristics of the obtained taxa suggest that the chronology of this deposit is slight-ly earlier than the *** terrestrial vertebrates recorded in these 2 Mallorcan deposits are changing the view of the paleofaunal assemblage previously known for the Plio-Pleistocene of the *** charac-teristics displayed by some of the taxa suggest that these faunas would be at the beginning of an isolated *** this paper we present a preliminary report on the fossils recovered from the NB-1 deposit,as well as some unpublished data from CdR,and we analyze the whole fauna from both Mallorcan deposits,focusing on taxonomical and paleobiogeographical aspects.

关键词： Early Pliocene Late Miocene Mallorca new fauna paleobiogeography

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An annotated checklist of mammals of Kenya

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Zoological Research 2019年第1期40卷 3-52页

作者： Simon Musila Ara Monadjem Paul W.Webala Bruce D.Patterson Rainer Hutterer Yvonne A.De Jong Thomas M.Butynski Geoffrey Mwangi Zhong-Zheng Chen Xue-Long Jiang mammalogy Section Department of Zoology National Museums of Kenya department of Biological Sciences University of Swaziland Mammal Research Institute Department of Zoology & Entomology University of Pretoria department of Forestry and Wildlife Management Maasai Mara University Integrative Research Center Field Museum of Natural History Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig Leibniz-Institut für Biodiversit?t der Tiere Eastern Africa Primate Diversity and Conservation Program School of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies Karatina University Sino-African Joint Research Center Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences

Kenya has a rich mammalian fauna. We reviewed recently published books and papers including the six volumes of Mammals of Africa to develop an up-to-date annotated checklist of all mammals recorded from Kenya. A total of 390 species have been identified in the country, including 106 species of rodents,104 species of bats, 63 species of even-toed ungulates(including whales and dolphins), 36 species of insectivores and carnivores, 19 species of primates,five species of elephant shrews, four species of hyraxes and odd-toed ungulates, three species of afrosoricids, pangolins, and hares, and one species of aardvark, elephant, sirenian and hedgehog. The number of species in this checklist is expected to increase with additional surveys and as the taxonomic status of small mammals(e.g., bats, shrews and rodents) becomes better understood.

关键词： Checklist Rodents Bats Ungulate Carnivores Shrews Kenya

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Molecular detection of viruses in Kenyan bats and discovery of novel astroviruses, caliciviruses and rotaviruses

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Virologica Sinica 2017年第2期32卷 101-114页

作者： Cecilia Waruhiu Sheila Ommeh Vincent Obanda Bernard Agwanda Francis Gakuya Xing-Yi Ge Xing-Lou Yang Li-Jun Wu Ali Zohaib Ben Hu Zheng-Li Shi Key Lab of Special Pathogens Wuhan Institute of Virology Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430071 China Sino-Africa Joint Research Center Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430071 China Institute of Biotechnology Research Jomo Kenyatta University of Science and Technology Nairobi 00200 Kenya Veterinary Services department Kenya Wildlife Service Nairobi 00100 Kenya mammalogy Section National Museum of Kenya Nairobi 00100 Kenya mammalogy Section National Museum of Kenya Nairobi 00100 Kenya

This is the first country-wide surveillance of bat-borne viruses in Kenya spanning from 2012-2015 covering sites perceived to have medium to high level bat-human interaction. The objective of this surveillance study was to apply a non-invasive approach using fresh feces to detect viruses circulating within the diverse species of Kenyan bats. We screened for both DNA and RNA viruses; specifically, astroviruses （AstVs）, adenoviruses （ADVs）, caliciviruses （CalVs）, coronaviruses （CoVs）, flaviviruses, filoviruses, paramyxoviruses （PMVs）, polyomaviruses （PYVs） and rotaviruses. We used family-specific primers, amplicon sequencing and further characterization by phyloge- netic analysis. Except for filoviruses, eight virus families were detected with varying distributions and positive rates across the five regions （former provinces） studied. AstVs （12.83%）, CoVs （3.97%）, PMV （2.4%）, ADV （2.26%）, PYV （1.65%）, CalVs （0.29%）, rotavirus （0.19%） and flavivirus （0.19%）. Novel CalVs were detected in Rousettus aegyptiacus and Mops condylurus while novel Rotavirus-A-related viruses were detected in Taphozous bats and R. aegyptiacus. The two Rotavirus A （RVA） strains detected were highly related to human strains with VP6 genotypes 12 and 116. Genotype 116 has previously been assigned to human RVA-strain B10 from Kenya only, which raises public health concern, particularly considering increased human-bat interaction. Additionally, 229E-like bat CoVs were detected in samples originating from Hipposideros bats roosting in sites with high human activity. Our findings confirm the presence of diverse viruses in Kenyan bats while providing extended knowledge on bat virus distribution. The detection of viruses highly related to human strains and hence of public health concern, underscores the importance of continuous surveillance.

关键词： astroviruses (AstVs) calicivirus (CalVs) Rotavirus A 229-E-like bat coronavirus

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Mating Ethogram of a Video-aided Study of Mating and Parturition in Captive Chinese Crocodile Lizards (Shinisaurus crocodilurus)

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Asian Herpetological Research 2019年第4期10卷 253-260页

作者： Chengming HUANG Zhengjun WU Shuyi LUO Jiasong HE Chunsheng YANG Meng MENG Lu YAO Zhigao ZENG Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection(Guangxi Normal University) Ministry of EducationGuilin 541004China Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animal Ecology Guangxi Normal UniversityGuilin 541004China Daguishan National Nature Reserve HezhouGuangxi 542800China Chinese Wildlife Conservation Association Beijing 100110China department of mammalogy American Museum of Natural HistoryNew York 10024USA department of Anthropology Hunter CollegeNew York 10065USA

Mating behavior and parturition are important components in the life history of any species. The endangered Chinese crocodile lizard(Shinisaurus crocodilurus) is suffering dramatic population decreases in the wild. Successful captive breeding can provide individuals to be reintroduced into their natural habitat and help to restore the wild populations. Studying the mating behavior and parturition of these lizards in captivity will enable us understand how is this ancient species reproduction and optimize artificial reproduction protocol. We studied the mating behavior and parturition of Chinese crocodile lizards in captivity using video recordings at the Daguishan National Nature Reserve, China, from 2015 to 2017. We analyzed pre-copulation and copulation, which occurred in mid-March to late May from all studied years. Pre-copulation and copulation lasted on average 7.51(n=11) and 27.45(n=11) minutes, respectively. We found that large-bodied male lizards have longer copulation periods, a pattern seen in other lizard species. In the mating event, males always initiated sex, while the females were passive. The duration of parturition lasted 153.8 ± 26.8(n=46) minutes, and larger females had heavier clutches. In addition, even though Chinese crocodile lizards represent an ancient lizard clade with primitive characteristics, they still abide by the reproduction patterns seen in most other lizard species.

关键词： lizard mating and reproduction behavior quantitive study

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