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Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope evidence of human and pig diets at the Qinglongquan site,China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2011年第4期54卷 519-527页

作者： GUO Yi HU YaoWu ZHU JunYing ZHOU Mi WANG ChangSui Michael P. RICHARDS department of Human evolution Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology Leipzig D-04103 Germany Lab of Human evolution Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044 China department of Scientific History andArchaeometry Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China department of cultural Heritage and Museology School of Humanities Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310028 China Hubei Provincial Institute of cultural Relics and Archaeology Wuhan 430077 China

Previous studies on the Rice-Millet （foxtail millet and common millet） Blended Zone in Chinese Neolithic have not clearly addressed such questions as the importance of primitive rice-millet mixed agriculture to human lifestyle and livestock managements within this region, the relationship among the development of the agriculture, paleoenvironment, and cultural interactions, and so on. Here stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis of human and pig bones from the Qinglongquan site was conducted, covering two cultural phases, namely the Qujialing Culture （3000 BC to 2600 BC） and the Shijiahe Culture （2600 BC to 2200 BC）. Based on this analysis, we further discussed the diets of ancient humans and pigs in the site, investigated the importance of rice-millet mixed agriculture to human and pig diets, and explored the relationship among the primitive rice agriculture and millet agriculture, cultural interactions, and paleoenvironment. The δ^13C values of human bone collagen （-16.7‰ to -12.4‰, averaging -14.6‰±1.3‰, n=24） revealed that both C3 and Ca foods were consumed, probably from the contribution of rice （C3 plant） and millets （C4 plants） due to the coexistence of these crops at this site. In addition, the human mean δ^13C value suggested that millet agriculture was only minor in human diets. The human δ^15N values （6.6‰ to 10.8‰, averaging 9.0‰±1.2‰, n=24） showed that animal resources played a significant role in human diets, and varied greatly. The mean δ^13C value of the pigs （-14.3‰±2.5‰, n=13） was quite similar to that of the humans, but the mean δ^15N value of the pigs was slightly less （1.3‰） The similar δ^13C and δ^15N values between humans and pigs suggested that the pigs consumed a lot of humans＇ food remains. No correlations of the δ^13C and δ^15N values between humans and pigs showed that both human and pig diets were based mainly on plant foods, which might be related to highly developed rice-millet mixed agriculture at that time. In comparison with the

关键词： paleodiet the Rice-Millet Blended Zone stable isotope cultural interaction paleoenvironment

Study on the glasswares discovered in the underground palace of the Da Bao En Temple in the North Song Dynasty(AD960 AD1127) in Nanjing,China

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2012年第7期55卷 2006-2012页

作者： YU Ning SONG Yan YANG YiMin MA QingLin WANG ChangSui Laboratory of Human evolution Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China department of Scientific History and Archaeometry Graduate University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Chinese Academy of cultural Heritage Beijing 100029China

Built by the royal family in the Ming Dynasty,the Da Bao En Temple is known as the greatest temple in ancient Nanjing,whose predecessor is the Chang Gan Temple built in the Six *** excavations of the Da Bao En Temple and the underground palace of Chang Gan Temple built in the North Song Dynasty(AD960 AD1127) have been appraised as one of the 10 greatest archaeological discoveries in 2010 in *** artefacts discovered in the underground palace have shown their important historical meanings and scientific values,such as the Qibao King Asoka Tower,golden and silver coffins,Buddhist relics,the silk textiles,glasses,and spices *** this paper,stereomicroscope,SEM-EDS and LA-ICP-AES are used to investigate chemical composition,microstructure and current preservation status for the unearthed *** results indicate that the glass bottle coded as TH1 and the glass calyx coded as TN5 are made of lead-silicate glass,while the chemical composition of the glass bottle coded as TN9 is quite distinct from that of native *** three articles have been weathered in some *** the shape,it is deduced that TH1 is a typical glassware used in burying Buddhist relics at that time,TN5 a domestic glassware with typical Sassanian style,and TN9 an imported Islamic glass,providing important information about culture exchanges between China and the foreign countries in the North Song Dynasty.

关键词： Da Bao En Temple chemical analysis lead glass Islamic glass culture exchange between China and the foreign countries

Juvenile hominoid cranium from the terminal Miocene of Yunnan,China

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2013年第31期58卷 3771-3779页

作者： JI XuePing JABLONSKI Nina G SU Denise F DENG ChengLong FLYNN Lawrence J YOU YouShan KELLEY Jay department of Paleoanthropology Yunnan Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology Yunnan Key Laboratory for Paleobiology Yunnan University department of Anthropology The Pennsylvania State University University ParkPA 16802 USA department of Paleobotany and Paleoecology Cleveland Museum of Natural HistoryCleveland OH 44106 USA State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric evolution Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology Harvard UniversityCambridge MA 02138 USA Zhaotong Institute of cultural Relics Institute of Human Origins and School of Human evolution and Social Change Arizona State UniversityTempe AZ 85287 USA

Fossil apes are known from several late Miocene localities in Yunnan Province,southwestern China,principally from Shihuiba(Lufeng)and the Yuanmou Basin,and represent three species of *** mostly comprise large samples of isolated teeth,but there are also several partial or complete adult crania from Shihuiba and a single juvenile cranium from *** we describe a new,relatively complete and largely undistorted juvenile cranium from the terminal Miocene locality of Shuitangba,also in *** is only the second ape juvenile cranium recovered from the Miocene of Eurasia and it is provisionally assigned to the species present at Shihuiba,Lufengpithecus *** has most often been linked to the extant orangutan,Pongo pygmaeus,but recent studies of the crania from Shihuiba and Yuanmou have demonstrated that this is *** new cranium reinforces the view that Lufengpithecus represents a distinct,late surviving lineage of large apes in the late Miocene of East Asia that does not appear to be closely affiliated with any extant ape *** substantially increases knowledge of cranial morphology in Lufengpithecus and demonstrates that species of this genus represent a morphologically diverse radiation of apes,which is consistent with the dynamic tectonic and biotic milieu of southwestern China in the late Miocene.

关键词：晚中新世禄丰古猿中国云南头盖骨少年终端中国西南地区元谋盆地

Behavioral constraints and the evolution of faithful social learning

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Current Zoology 2012年第2期58卷 307-318页

作者： Alberto ACERBI Pierre O. JACQUET Claudio TENNIE Center for the Study of cultural evolution University of Stockholm 106 91 Stockholm Sweden department of Psychology University of Bologna Bologna Italy INSERM U1028 CNRS UMR5292 Lyon Neuroscience Research Center ImpAct Team Lyon France department of Developmental and Comparative Psychology Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology Leipzig Germany

Behavioral ＂traditions＂, i.e. behavioral patterns that are acquired with the aid of social learning and that are relatively stable in a group, have been observed in several species. Recently, however, it has been questioned whether non-human social learning is faithful enough to stabilize those patterns. The observed stability could be interpreted as a result of various constraints that limit the number of possible alternative behaviors, rather than of the fidelity of transmission mechanisms. Those constraints can be roughly described as ＂internal＂, such as mechanical （bodily） properties or cognitive limitations and predispositions, and ＂ex- ternal＂, such as ecological availability or pressures. Here we present an evolutionary individual-based model that explores the re- lationships between the evolution of faithful social learning and behavioral constraints, represented both by the size of the beha- vioral repertoire and by the ＂shape＂ of the search space of a given task. We show that the evolution of high-fidelity transmission mechanisms, when associated with costs （e.g. cognitive, biomechanical, energetic, etc.）, is only likely if the potential behavioral repertoire of a species is large and if the search space does not provide information that can be exploited by individual learning. Moreover we show how stable behavioral patterns （＂traditions＂） can be achieved at the population level as an outcome of both high-fidelity and low-fidelity transmission mechanisms, given that the latter are coupled with a small behavioral repertoire or with a search space that provide substantial feedback. Finally, by introducing the possibility of environmental change, we show that intermediate rates of change favor the evolution of faithful social learning

关键词： Animal social learning cultural evolution cultural transmission Copying fidelity Individual based modeling

Global Citizenship Education:A Biased Field

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外语研究 2016年第6期33卷 49-54页

作者： Marie H.Roesgaard department of Cross-cultural and Regional Studies University of Copenhagen

Global citizenship as an idea has become an increasingly important issue on the educational agenda since the late 1970's. The importance allotted to this issue is clear in the attention given to it by for example UNESCO where global citizenship education(GCED) is an area of strategic focus. Increasingly schools all over the world are attempting to or expected to educate the global citizen, but how exactly do you educate the global citizen? What does this global citizenship consist of? While surely the type of training and education needed to train a global citizen will vary greatly depending on culture, pedagogical approach and various other factors, it is also a question worth asking, whether ‘global citizenship'is one and the same all over the world, or whether we should come to terms with the idea that the way global citizenship is practiced in different environments may vary greatly. Another question that begs an answer is whether it is at all possible to be citizens of the world in the same way that we are citizens of a country. While some may dismiss global citizenship as a mere linguistic fancy, there is also evidence,which this paper will attempt to discuss in a preliminary way, that it is possible to develop a feeling of global citizenship in a society. However, it is very important to keep in mind that global citizenship education as treated in the literature so far has been quite Eurocentric(this includes North America). A survey of research on GCED found that two thirds of the research published after 2000 was written by researchers based in the US and if you add other English-speaking countries such as Canada, England, Australia and New Zealand, the proportion is even *** in the field of education research often serves as the international lingua franca. Since there is also a tendency among English speaking academics to not be able to read many other languages, the material that would be published about GCED in Chinese, Japanese or Arabic, fo

关键词： global citizenship education English dominance human-beingness

Technological innovations at the onset of the Mid-Pleistocene Climate Transition in high-latitude East Asia

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National Science Review 2021年第1期8卷 135-145页

作者： Shi-Xia Yang Fa-Gang Wang Fei Xie Jian-Ping Yue Cheng-Long Deng Ri-Xiang Zhu Michael D.Petraglia Key Laboratory of Vertebrate evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment Chinese Academy of Sciences department of Archaeology Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History Hebei Provincial Institute of cultural Relics department of History Anhui University State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric evolution Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of Sciences College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Human Origins Program National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution School of Social Science The University of Queensland

The interplay between Pleistocene climatic variability and hominin adaptations to diverse terrestrial ecosystems is a key topic in human evolutionary studies. Early and Middle Pleistocene environmental change and its relation to hominin behavioural responses has been a subject of great interest in Africa and Europe, though little information is available for other key regions of the Old World, particularly from Eastern Asia. Here we examine key Early Pleistocene sites of the Nihewan Basin, in high-latitude northern China, dating between ～1.4 and 1.0 million years ago(Ma). We compare stone-tool assemblages from three Early Pleistocene sites in the Nihewan Basin, including detailed assessment of stone-tool refitting sequences at the ～1.1-Ma-old site of Cenjiawan. Increased toolmaking skills and technological innovations are evident in the Nihewan Basin at the onset of the Mid-Pleistocene Climate Transition(MPT).Examination of the lithic technology of the Nihewan sites, together with an assessment of other key Palaeolithic sites of China, indicates that toolkits show increasing diversity at the outset of the MPT and in its aftermath. The overall evidence indicates the adaptive flexibility of early hominins to ecosystem changes since the MPT, though regional abandonments are also apparent in high latitudes, likely owing to cold and oscillating environmental conditions. The view presented here sharply contrasts with traditional arguments that stone-tool technologies of China are homogeneous and continuous over the course of the Early Pleistocene.

关键词： early hominins behavioural adaptations technological innovations Mid-Pleistocene Climate Transition

Hitchhiker＇s guide to genetic diversity in socially structured populations

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Current Zoology 2012年第2期58卷 287-297页

作者： L. S. PREMO department of Anthropology Washington State University Pullman WA 99164-4910 USA department of Human evolution Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology 04103 Leipzig Germany

When selection increases the frequency of a beneficial gene substitution it can also increase the frequencies of linked neutral alleles through a process called genetic hitchhiking. A model built to investigate reduced genetic diversity in Pleistocene hominins shows that genetic hitchhiking can have a strong effect on neutral diversity in the presence of culturally mediated mi- gration. Under conditions in which genetic and cultural variants are transmitted symmetrically, neutral genes may also hitchhike to higher frequencies on the coattails of adaptive cultural traits through a process called cultural hitchhiking. cultural hitchhiking has been proposed to explain why some species of matrilineal whales display relatively low levels of mitochondrial DNA diver- sity, and it may be applicable to humans as well. This paper provides a critical review of recent models of both types of hitch- hiking in socially structured populations. The models＇ assumptions and predictions are compared and discussed in the hope that studies of reduced genetic diversity in humans might improve our understanding of reduced genetic diversity in other species, and vice versa

关键词： cultural group selection cultural hitchhiking culturally mediated migration Diversity evolution Genetic hitch- hiking

Environmental background of evolution from the paleolithic to neolithic culture in Nihewan Basin, North China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2001年第9期44卷 779-788页

作者：夏正楷陈福友陈戈郑公望谢飞梅惠杰 department of Urban and Environmental Sciences Peking University Beijing China Hebei Province cultural Relic Institute Shijiazhuang China

The relationship between the paleolithic-neolithic cultural transition and environmental evolvement has been a focus of the paleoanthropologists, archeologists, and Quaternary geologists in the world. The analysis result of the paleoanthropic living environment at Yujiagou site of Nihewan Basin in the north of China shows that the microlithic culture at the Yujiagou site occurred during the opening centuries of the last deglaciation and developed markedly in the continuous warm and dry climatic conditions from late period of last deglaciation to early postglacial. Moreover, it also shows that the neolithic culture at the Yujiagou site occurred in the early postglacial and developed rapidly in a warm and humid climatic condition in the Holocene Megathermal. Climate variation is an important factor leading to the paleolithic-neolithic cultural transition.

关键词： Yujiagou site microlith the paleolithic-neolithic cultural transition

A Pilot Study of Trophic Level and Human Origins at the Xiaoshuangqiao Site, China(ca. 1400 BC) Using 8D Values of Collagen

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2017年第5期91卷 1884-1892页

作者： WANG Ning LI Suting HU Yaowu SONG Guoding School of History Culture and Tourism Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou 221116 China Key Laboratory of Vertebrate evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Vertebrate Palaeontology and Palaeoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044 China Henan Provincial Institute of cultural Relics and Archaeology Zhengzhou 450000 China department of archaeology and anthropology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

We present here a pilot study to examine trophic level effects and migration patterns at the middle Shang Dynasty site of Xiaoshuangqiao in Henan Province using δD results combined with δ^13C and δ^15N values. A total of 33 specimens（17 humans, 7 cattle, 5 pigs, 3 sheep, 1 dog） of bone collagen were isotopically analyzed for δ^13C, δ^15N, and dD values. A strong positive correlation（R^2 = 0.94）between mean δ^15N and δD values of herbivores（cattle and sheep）, omnivores（pig）, carnivores（dog）and humans was observed. The δD results were found to increase by -10‰ to 20‰ from herbivores to omnivores to carnivorous, evidence that collagen δD results are a useful indicator for the study of trophic levels and dietary patterns at archaeological sites. The δD results were also used to examine the origins of two different groups of individuals buried at Xiaoshuangqiao. Individuals buried in sacrificial pits of district V had mean δD values（-47.0 ± 2.9‰, n = 11） that were significantly（p =0.049） elevated compared to the people buried in the stratigraphy of district IX（-51.3 ± 3.3‰, n = 3）,indicating that they were ingesting water from different locations. In addition, the D values of the people buried in the stratigraphy were similar to the pigs（-54.5 ± 4.2‰, n = 5） at Xiaoshuangqiao,suggesting that they were most probably of the local population, and that the individuals buried in the sacrificial pits were most possibly from the coast and prisoners of the Dongyi（“东夷”）people. Thus,δD results have the potential to examine human origins and migration patterns and should be increasingly used in conjunction with δ^13C and δ^15N values at archaeological sites.

关键词： Hydrogen stable isotope ratios trophic level migration collagen Xiaoshuangqiao site