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The biosynthetic pathway of the hallucinogen mescaline and its heterologous reconstruction

Molecular Plant 2024年第7期17卷 1129-1150页

作者： Paula Berman Luis Alejandro de Haro Ana-Rita Cavaco Sayantan Panda Younghui Dong Nikolay Kuzmich Gabriel Lichtenstein Yoav Peleg Hila Harat Adam Jozwiaki Jianghua Cai Uwe Heinig Sagit Meir Ilana Rogachev Asaph Aharoni department of Plant and Environmental sciences Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovot 7610001Israel life sciences Core Facilities Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovot 7610001Israel The Maurice and Vivienne Wohl institute for Drug Discovery Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovot 7610001Israel Present address:department of Cell and Metabolic Biology Leibniz Institute of Plant BiochemistryWeinberg 306120 Halle(Saale)Germany department of Molecular&Cellular Pharmacology University of Miami Miler School of MedicineMiamiFL 33136USA department of Botany and Plant sciences University of California RiversideRiversideCA 92521USA Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing School of Life SciencesChongqing UniversityChongqing 401331China

Mescaline,among the earliest identified natural hallucinogens,holds great potential in psychotherapy ***,despite the existence of a postulated biosynthetic pathway for more than half a century,the specific enzymes involved in this process are yet to be *** this study,we investigated the cactus Lophophora williamsii(Peyote),the largest known natural producer of the phenethylamine *** employed a multi-faceted approach,combining de novo whole-genome and transcriptome sequencing with comprehensive chemical profiling,enzymatic assays,molecular modeling,and pathway engineering for pathway *** identified four groups of enzymes responsible for the six catalytic steps in the mescaline biosynthetic pathway,and an N-methyltransferase enzyme that N-methylates all phenethylamine intermediates,likely modulating mescaline levels in ***,we reconstructed the mescaline biosynthetic pathway in both Nicotiana benthamiana plants and yeast cells,providing novel insights into several challenges hindering complete heterologous mescaline *** together,our study opens up avenues for exploration of sustainable production approaches and responsible utilization of mescaline,safeguarding this valuable natural resource for future generations.

关键词： mescaline Lophophora williamsi Peyote biosynthetic pathway de novo genome sequencing mo-lecular modeling

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Skyway:Accelerate Graph Applications with a Dual-Path Architecture and Fine-Grained Data Management

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2024年第4期39卷 871-894页

作者： Mo Zou Ming-Zhe Zhang Ru-Jia Wang Xian-He Sun Xiao-Chun Ye Dong-Rui Fan Zhi-Min Tang institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China University of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049China institute of Information Engineering Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100045China department of Computer Science Illinois Institute of TechnologyChicagoIL 60616U.S.A.

Graph processing is a vital component of many AI and big data ***,due to its poor locality and complex data access patterns,graph processing is also a known performance killer of AI and big data *** this work,we propose to enhance graph processing applications by leveraging fine-grained memory access patterns with a dual-path architecture on top of existing software-based graph *** first identify that memory accesses to the offset,edge,and state array have distinct locality and impact on *** then introduce the Skyway architecture,which consists of two primary components:1)a dedicated direct data path between the core and memory to transfer state array elements efficiently,and 2)a data-type aware fine-grained memory-side row buffer hardware for both the newly designed direct data path and the regular memory hierarchy data *** proposed Skyway architecture is able to improve the overall performance by reducing the memory access interference and improving data access efficiency with a minimal *** evaluate Skyway on a set of diverse algorithms using large real-world *** a simulated fourcore system,Skyway improves the performance by 23%on average over the best-performing graph-specialized hardware optimizations.

关键词： graph application computer architecture memory hierarchy

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Influence of upstream solar wind on magnetic field distribution in the Martian nightside ionosphere

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第5期8卷 728-741页

作者： JiaWei Gao ZhaoJin Rong Qi Zhang Anna Mittelholz Chi Zhang Yong Wei Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Earth and Planetary sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Swedish institute of Space Physics department of Earth sciences Center for Space Physics and department of Astronomy Boston University

Using over eight years of Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolutio N （MAVEN） data,from November 2014 to May 2023,we have investigated the Martian nightside ionospheric magnetic field distribution under the influence of upstream solar wind drivers,including the interplanetary magnetic field intensity (∣BIMF∣),solar wind dynamic pressure （PSW）,solar extreme ultraviolet flux （EUV）,and Martian seasons （Ls）.Our analysis reveals pronounced correlations between magnetic field residuals and both∣BIMF∣and *** observed with EUV flux and Lswere weaker—notably,magnetic field residuals increased during periods of high EUV flux and at Mars *** find that the IMF penetrates to an altitude of 200 km under a wide range of upstream conditions,penetrating notably deeper under high∣BIMF∣*** analysis also indicates that EUV flux and IMF cone angle have minimal impact on IMF penetration *** findings provide useful constraints on the dynamic nature of Martian atmospheric escape processes and their evolution,suggesting that historical solar wind conditions may have facilitated deeper IMF penetration and higher rates of ionospheric escape than are observed ***,by establishing criteria for magnetic‘quiet’conditions,this study offers new insights into the planet’s magnetic environment under varying solar wind influences,knowledge that should help refine models of the Martian crustal magnetic field.

关键词： Martian magnetic field external magnetic field upstream solar wind drivers IMF penetration altitude magnetic field activity indices

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Metabolic relationships between marine red algae and algae‑associated bacteria

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Marine life Science & Technology 2024年第2期6卷 298-314页

作者： Kyung Hyun Kim Jeong Min Kim Ju Hye Baek Sang Eun Jeong Hocheol Kim Hwan Su Yoon Che Ok Jeon department of Biological sciences and Biotechnology Hannam UniversityDaejon 34054Republic of Korea department of life Science Chung-Ang UniversitySeoul 06974Republic of Korea department of Biological sciences Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon 16419Republic of Korea

Mutualistic interactions between marine phototrophs and associated bacteria are an important strategy for their success-ful survival in the ocean,but little is known about their metabolic ***,bacterial communities in the algal sphere(AS)and bulk solution(BS)of nine marine red algal cultures were analyzed,and Roseibium and Phycisphaera were identified significantly more abundantly in AS than in *** metabolic features of Roseibium RMAR6-6(isolated and genome-sequenced),Phycisphaera MAG 12(obtained by metagenomic sequencing),and a marine red alga,Porphyridium purpureum CCMP1328(from GenBank),were analyzed ***6-6 has the genetic capability to fix nitrogen and produce B vitamins(B1,B2,B5,B6,B9,and B12),bacterioferritin,dimethylsulfoniopropionate(DMSP),and phenylacetate that may enhance algal growth,whereas MAG 12 may have a limited metabolic capability,not producing vitamins B9 and B12,DMSP,phenylacetate,and siderophores,but with the ability to produce bacitracin,possibly modulating algal *** CCMP1328 lacks the genetic capability to fix nitrogen and produce vitamin B12,DMSP,phenylacetate,and *** was shown that the nitrogen-fixing ability of RMAR6-6 promoted the growth of ***-pureum,and DMSP reduced the oxidative stress of *** metabolic interactions between strain RMAR6-6 and *** CCMP1328 were also investigated by the transcriptomic analyses of their monoculture and *** together,potential metabolic relationships between Roseibium and *** were *** study provides a bet-ter understanding of the metabolic relationships between marine algae and algae-associated bacteria for successful growth.

关键词： Metabolic relationship Marine red algae Symbiotic bacteria Roseibium Phycisphaera Porphyridium

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Revealing the role of CCoAOMT1: fine-tuning bHLH transcription factors for optimal anther development

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Science China(life sciences) 2024年第3期67卷 565-578页

作者： Zesen Lai Jianzheng Wang Ying Fu Menghan Wang Hong Ma Shiqing Peng Fang Chang State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering and Institute of Biodiversity SciencesInstitute of Plant BiologySchool of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai 200438China School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry Agriculture-Rural Affairs and Rural RevitalizationHainan UniversityHaikou 570228China Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops Ministry of AgricultureInstitute of Tropical Bioscience and BiotechnologyChinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesHaikou 571101China department of Biology Huck Institutes of the Life SciencesPennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA

The tapetum,a crucial innermost layer encompassing male reproductive cells within the anther wall,plays a pivotal role in normal pollen *** transcription factors (TFs) bHLH010/089/091 redundantly facilitate the rapid nuclear accumulation of DYSFUNCTIONAL TAPETUM 1,a gatekeeper TF in the ***,the regulatory mechanisms governing the activity of bHLH010/089/091 remain *** this study,we reveal that caffeoyl coenzyme A O-methyltransferase 1 (CCoAOMT1) is a negative regulator affecting the nuclear localization and function of bHLH010 and bHLH089,probably through their K259 *** findings underscore that CCoAOMT1 promotes the nuclear export and degradation of bHLH010 and ***,elevated CCoAOMT1 expression resulted in defective pollen development,mirroring the phenotype observed in bhlh010 bhlh089 ***,our investigation revealed that the K259A mutation in the bHLH089 protein disrupted its translocation from the nucleus to the cytosol and impeded its degradation induced by ***,transgenic plants with the probHLH089::bHLH089^(K259A)construct failed to rescue proper pollen development or gene expression in bhlh010 bhlh089 ***,these findings emphasize the need to maintain balanced TF homeostasis for male *** firmly establish CCoAOMT1 as a pivotal regulator that is instrumental in achieving equilibrium between the induction of the tapetum transcriptional network and ensuring appropriate anther development.

关键词： anther development nuclear localization bHLH O-methyltransferase transcription factor homeostasis

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Lineaperpetua ***.:a new diatom genus in the Thalassiosirales supported by morphology and molecular data

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2024年第1期42卷 277-290页

作者： Pan YU Lin YANG Qingmin YOU John Patrick KOCIOLEK Kangyu WANG Yonghong BI Quanxi WANG College of life sciences Shanghai Normal UniversityShanghai 200234China institute of Hydrobiology Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430072China Museum of Natural History and department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of ColoradoUCB 218Boulder CO 80309USA

Based on a combination of morphology and molecular data of ribosomal DNA genes,a new diatom genus Lineaperpetua ***,You,Kociolek&Wang is *** features that help define Lineaperpetua at the level of genus include:a tangentially undulated valve face;continuous cribra areolae on the valve interior consisting of pores arranged as strips;single rimoportula located inside the ring of marginal ***,phylogenetic analysis based on nuclear small subunit(SSU)rDNA sequences and nuclear large subunit(LSU)rDNA gene placed the three strains of *** in a single,monophyletic clade at a considerable sequence distance from the other genera(Thalassiosira,Conticribra,Planktoniella,Shinodiscus,and other genera)belonging to *** the similarities with some species of Thalassiosira,Conticribra,and Spicaticribra,the suite of features found in Lineaperpetua differentiate it from these other *** molecular data and morphological characters suggest an affinity of the new genus to the Thalassiosiraceae.

关键词： diatom morphology new genus phylogeny taxonomy Thalassiosiraceae

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Functional Group Effects for Photothermal Mass-energy Transfer in CO_(2) Capture and Conversion

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2024年第3期40卷 451-461页

作者： ZENG Bingyuan XIA Tingting SUN Yanli ZHANG Pan WANG Wenjing ZHAO Kun Hebei Key Lab of Power Plant Flue Gas Multi-pollutants Control Department of Environmental Science and EngineeringNorth China Electric Power UniversityBaoding 071003P.R.China School of life sciences Institute of Life Sciences and Green DevelopmentHebei UniversityBaoding 071002P.R.China

The surface microstructure can be influenced by surface environment,weak adsorption,and bonding interactions,leading to the changes of surface electronic states and the configuration of active sites,which affects the mass-energy transfer *** interaction between multiple species on the surface of light-absorbing materials directly impacts the performance of photothermal catalytic *** on this,we present the latest perspectives on photothermal CO_(2) capture and conversion,which focus on(1)the mechanism of functional group-assisted photothermal process,(2)the effects of functional group species,configurations,spatial positions,and surface interactions on photothermal catalytic reactions,and(3)the interaction between substrates and functional ***,an insightful perspective is drawn in the last section.

关键词： Molecular structure Photothermal effect Massenergytransfer CO_(2)captureand conversion

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Emission colour tuning in KLnF_(4):Yb^(3+),Er^(3+)/Ho^(3+)phosphor

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第1期42卷 57-65,I0002页

作者： Janani K Gayathri E Vijayatha V Ramasubramanian S Thiyagarajan P department of Science and Humanities Nehru Institute of TechnologyKaliapuramThirumalayampalayamCoimbatoreIndia department of sciences Amrita School of Physical SciencesAmrita Vishwa VidyapeethamCoimbatoreIndia department of Physics Anna UniversityChennaiIndia

KLnF_(4):Yb^(3+),Er^(3+)/Ho^(3+)(Ln=Y,Yb,Gd)phosphors were prepared by solid-state reaction *** each of the Yb^(3+)/Er^(3+)and Yb^(3+)/Ho^(3+)co-doped phosphors independently,phase confirmation and morphological examination were accomplished using the X-ray diffraction technique and scanning electron microscope analysis.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis shows the charge state and existence of lanthanides and *** luminescence emissions of green and red colour were detected for the synthesized *** changes in the upconverted emission intensities and colour output pertaining to the change of the lanthanide host matrix along with dopants were investigated for the prepared *** the upconversion luminescence,erbium-doped samples exhibit a predominance of red emission while holmium-doped samples display a prevalence of green *** rare-earth Er/Ho doped KYbF4shows strong red emission compared to other ***_(4):Yb,Er/Ho exhibits relatively significant green upconve rsion emissions,while Yb,Er-doped KGdF_(4)host displays a 10-fold increase in green/red emission ratio with an increase in the input power of 20-780 *** photoluminescence studies and decay curve analysis were carried out using UV light excitation for the developed phosphors.A higher lifetime of 2.2 ms was measured for the downshifting red emission in the Ho doped KYbF_(4)*** study suggests a potential for colour tunability in the upconversion and downshifting emissions through host modifications to the fluoride phosphor.

关键词： Rare earths Energy transfer upconversion Downshifting Colour coordinates

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METTL9-catalyzed histidine methylation of S100A9 suppresses the anti-Staphylococcus aureus activity of neutrophils

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Protein & Cell 2024年第3期15卷 223-229页

作者： Dan Cao Mengyue Lv Chi Hu Shukai Li Siwen Wang Chao Xu Wen Pan department of Digestive Disease The First Affiliated Hospital of USTCDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technologyof ChinaHefei230001China Division of life sciences and Medicine The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic DiseaseSchool of Basic Medical SciencesInstitute of ImmunologyUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230027China Division of life sciences and Medicine MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular DynamicsHefei National Center for Cross-Disciplinary SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230027China

Dear Editor,Protein histidine methylation has been found to be a widespread post-translational modification(PTM)in mammalian cells and represents more than 13%of all protein methylation events in the human methylome(Ning et al.,2016;Kapell and Jakobsson,2021).Recently,we and other groups independently identified METTL9 as the first broad-specificity histidine N1 methyltransferase in mammals(Davydova et al.,2021;Lv et al.,2021).METTL9 methylates a variety of substrates with a common x-His-x-His motif(His is for histidine;the second x is preferably small amino acids:A/C/G/S)and catalyzes methyl transfer to the last histidine.

关键词： S100A9 specificity

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Advances in All-Solid-State Lithium-Sulfur Batteries for Commercialization

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第9期16卷 209-246页

作者： Birhanu Bayissa Gicha Lemma Teshome Tufa Njemuwa Nwaji Xiaojun Hu Jaebeom Lee Research institute of Materials Chemistry Chungnam National UniversityDaejeon 34134Republic of Korea institute of Fundamental Technological Research Polish Academy of Sciences02‑106 WarsawPoland School of life sciences Shanghai University200444 ShanghaiPeople’s Republic of China department of Chemistry Chungnam National UniversityDaejeon 34134Republic of Korea

Solid-state batteries are commonly acknowledged as the forthcoming evolution in energy storage *** development progress for these rechargeable batteries has notably accelerated their trajectory toward achieving commercial *** particular,all-solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries(ASSLSBs)that rely on lithium-sulfur reversible redox processes exhibit immense potential as an energy storage system,surpassing conventional lithium-ion *** can be attributed predominantly to their exceptional energy density,extended operational lifespan,and heightened safety *** these advantages,the adoption of ASSLSBs in the commercial sector has been *** expedite research and development in this particular area,this article provides a thorough review of the current state of *** delve into an in-depth analysis of the rationale behind transitioning to ASSLSBs,explore the fundamental scientific principles involved,and provide a comprehensive evaluation of the main challenges faced by *** suggest that future research in this field should prioritize plummeting the presence of inactive substances,adopting electrodes with optimum performance,minimizing interfacial resistance,and designing a scalable fabrication approach to facilitate the commercialization of ASSLSBs.

关键词： All-solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries Commercialization Enhancement strategies Solid-state electrolytes Sulfurbased cathodes

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