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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第9期21卷 3068-3082页

作者： LI Juan BRYE Kristofor R ZHANG Mengge JIANG Zhuodong WANG Qiubing College of land and environment Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang 110866China department of Crop Soiland Environmental SciencesUniversity of ArkansasFayettevilleAR 72701USA

The accumulation processes of loess in northeastern(NE)China record the varying characteristics of the East Asian Monsoons(EAM)and the evolution of the local *** this study,grain size end-member analysis of the Dajiugang(DJG)section deposited since the Last Glacial in Chifeng City,NE China was used to reveal the dynamic depositional characteristics of loess and environmental evolution of NE *** showed that the Chifeng loess comprises three grain size end-members(EM),EM1(7.38μm),EM2(49.4μm)and EM3(90.00μm),indicating the three transport dynamics of dust delivered to the *** EM1 represents atmospheric dust as the *** EM2,mainly derived from relatively distant-sources deposition,and EM3,material transported over a short distance,correspond to the intensity of southwesterly winds and the East Asian Winter Monsoon(EAWM),*** of climate reconstruction,combined with other records,showed that the climate was generally cold and dry with a strong EAWM and a weak East Asian summer monsoon(EASM)during the stadial-period[Marine Isotope Stage(MIS)4 and MIS 2 stage].The climate was predominantly warm and humid,with weak EAWM and surface winds and strong EASM in interstadial-period(MIS 3 and MIS 1 stage).Comparisons between indicators,e.g.,EM3,the LR04 benthicδ18O stack and summer insolation at 65°N suggest that the strong EAWM is induced by increasing the Northern Hemisphere ice volume and reduced summer solar radiation.

关键词： Loess deposit Grain size end-member Northeastern China environmental change The Last Glacial

Height-diameter models for King Boris fir(Abies borisii regis Mattf.) and Scots pine(Pinus sylvestris L.) in Olympus and Pieria Mountains, Greece

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第5期21卷 1475-1490页

作者： Dimitrios I.RAPTIS Dimitra PAPADOPOULOU Angeliki PSARRA Athanasios A.FALLIAS Aristides G.TSITSANIS Vassiliki KAZANA Renewable Natural Resource management and Bioeconomy Laboratory Department of Forest and Natural Environment SciencesInternational Hellenic University66100 DramaGreece

In forest science and practice, the total tree height is one of the basic morphometric attributes at the tree level and it has been closely linked with important stand attributes. In the current research, sixteen nonlinear functions for height prediction were tested in terms of their fitting ability against samples of Abies borisii regis and Pinus sylvestris trees from mountainous forests in central Greece. The fitting procedure was based on generalized nonlinear weighted regression. At the final stage, a five-quantile nonlinear height-diameter model was developed for both species through a quantile regression approach, to estimate the entire conditional distribution of tree height, enabling the evaluation of the diameter impact at various quantiles and providing a comprehensive understanding of the proposed relationship across the distribution. The results clearly showed that employing the diameter as the sole independent variable, the 3-parameter Hossfeld function and the 2-parameter N?slund function managed to explain approximately 84.0% and 81.7% of the total height variance in the case of King Boris fir and Scots pine species, respectively. Furthermore, the models exhibited low levels of error in both cases(2.310m for the fir and 3.004m for the pine), yielding unbiased predictions for both fir(-0.002m) and pine(-0.004m). Notably, all the required assumptions for homogeneity and normality of the associated residuals were achieved through the weighting procedure, while the quantile regression approach provided additional insights into the height-diameter allometry of the specific species. The proposed models can turn into valuable tools for operational forest management planning, particularly for wood production and conservation of mountainous forest ecosystems.

关键词： Generalized nonlinear weighted regression Monte Carlo cross-validation Mountainous ecosystems Quantile regression Central Greece

Anthropogenic warming is a key climate indicator of rising urban fire activity in China

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National Science Review 2024年第05期11卷 110-120页

作者： Qichao Yao Dabang Jiang Ben Zheng Xiaochun Wang Xiaolin Zhu Keyan Fang Lamei Shi Zhou Wang Yongli Wang Linhao Zhong Yanyan Pei Amy Hudson Shuai Xu Maowei Bai Xinyan Huang Valerie Trouet National Institute of Natural Hazards Ministry of Emergency Management of China Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem management-Ministry of Education School of Forestry Northeast Forestry University Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research University of Arizona Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences department of Statistics Colorado State University department of land Surveying and Geo-Informatics The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Process (MOE) College of Geographic Sciences Fujian Normal University department of Building environment and Energy Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University

China, one of the most populous countries in the world, has suffered the highest number of natural disaster-related deaths from fire. On local scales, the main causes of urban fires are anthropogenic in ***, on regional to national scales, little is known about the indicators of large-scale co-varying urban fire activity in China. Here, we present the China Fire History Atlas(CFHA), which is based on 19 947documentary records and represents fires in urban areas of China over the twentieth century(1901–1994).We found that temperature variability is a key indicator of urban fire activity in China, with warmer temperatures being correlated with more urban fires, and that this fire–temperature relationship is seasonally and regionally explicit. In the early twentieth century, however, the fire–temperature relationship was overruled by war-related fires in large urban areas. We further used the fire–temperature relationship and multiple emissions scenarios to project fire activity across China into the twenty-first century. Our projections show a distinct increase in future urban fire activity and fire-related economic loss. Our findings provide insights into fire–climate relationships in China for densely-populated areas and on policy-relevant time scales and they contribute spatial coverage to efforts to improve global fire models.

关键词： fire–climate interactions global warming fire history network urban fires fire management

Exploring the characteristics of microbial community and enzyme activity in the aged refuse landfill environment of Taiyuan, China

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Pedosphere 2024年第5期34卷 879-891页

作者： Fen HOU Junjie DU Yuzhou MENG Xihui WU department of land Resource management School of Public Administration Shanxi University of Finance and Economics College of Life Science Shanxi Engineering Research Center of Microbial Application Technologies Shanxi Normal University

Municipal solid waste landfill is the main disposal option for domestic garbage, in which microbial activities play an important role. However, despite the widespread practice of landfilling, the metagenomic microbial profiles of landfill sites remain poorly characterized. In this study, we used a combination of physicochemical analysis, ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, and high-throughput Illumina shotgun sequencing to systematically investigate the changes in soil enzyme activities, microbial community structure, and functional attributes in aged refuse collected from the Xingou Municipal Solid Waste landfill in Taiyuan, China, with ordinary topsoil from an area within 5 km of the landfill as control soil. Except for neutral phosphatase (P=0.065), the activities of urease, laccase, dehydrogenase, sucrase, neutral protease, and β-glucosidase were all significantly reduced (P <0.05) in the aged refuse compared with the control soil. Contrastingly, catalase activity was found to be significantly elevated in the aged refuse. Compared with the control soil, aged refuse was characterized by higher richness and diversity of microbial communities, as reflected by the higher values of community richness estimators (Chao 1 and ACE) and diversity indices (Shannon and Simpson). In total, 186 phyla, 4 354 genera, and 34 459 species were identified, with 132 phyla, 1 914 genera, and7 369 species showing significantly different abundances between the aged refuse and the control soil. Actinobacteria and Acidobacteria were identified as the dominant phyla in the control soil, whereas Proteobacteria, Euryarchaeota (archaea), and Firmicutes were found to predominate in the aged ***, Euryarchaeota and Methanoculleus were the major taxa detected in the aged refuse, but were almost completely absent in the control soil. Xenobiotic biodegradation and bacterial chemotaxis were the main functions of the microflora in the aged refuse, whereas the carbohydrate, amino acid,

关键词： functional attribute metabolism pathway municipal solid waste landfill resource utilization soil microflora

Influence of edaphic factors on distribution and condition of Himalayan silver birch(Betula utilis ***)communities in the northwestern Indian Himalayas

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第2期21卷 590-606页

作者： Khashti DASILA Renu RAWAL Tanay BARMAN Sher Singh SAMANT Anita PANDEY Veena PANDE G.B.Pant National Institute of Himalayan environment Almora 263643India Centre of Excellence on Sustainable land management Indian Council of Forestry Research and EducationDehradun 248006India Uttarakhand State Council for Science&Technology Dehradun 248015India department of Biotechnology Graphic Era(Deemed to be University)Dehradun 248002India department of Biotechnology Kumaun UniversityNainital 263136India

The basic concept of phytosociology is crucial for the assessment of species composition and dynamic ecological succession of forests supporting ecological services,functions,disturbance,and resilience that lead to the development of integrated areas such as ecological niche modeling and contribute to identifying the valuable bio-indicators which can be used in framing conservation and management *** is one of the most dominant tree species of treeline ecotone in the Himalayan *** species is also considered as indicator species for monitoring the past and recent climate change *** current study was carried out in the natural populations of *** from the sub-alpine zone of North-western Indian *** birch dominated forest harbors a total of 305 plant species comprising Angiosperms(51 families,160 genera and 277 species),Gymnosperms(03 families,05 genera and 07 species)and Pteridophytes(07 families,11 genera and 21 species)with Asteraceae,Ranunculaceae and Rosaceae as dominant *** forests are found dominant in shady moist habitat and North West *** characteristics,anthropogenic and developmental activities affect the population structure of *** and associated ***,the species has fair regeneration status in the study *** acidic nature of soil pH and spatial variation in edaphic characteristics may be due to geographical differences,rooting patterns and litter accumulation of below and above-ground *** estimation of a representative population of *** from each site showed that TAGBD,TCD and TBD were found maximum in ST3(Hamta Pass II site).The CCA analysis determined that environmental variables such as altitude,organic matter,available phosphorous,organic carbon,available nitrogen,and electrical conductivity played a significant role in determining tree species composition and distribution in *** dominated forests.

关键词： Species composition Indicator species Biomass North-western Indian Himalaya Regeneration environmental variables

The necessity to expand mycorrhizal boundaries:Including the fungal endophytes that possess key mycorrhizal criteria

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Pedosphere 2024年第2期34卷 520-523页

作者： Khalil KARIMAN Zed RENGEL Rodica PENA Saleh RAHIMLOU Mark TIBBETT UWA School of Agriculture and environment The University of Western AustraliaPerth WA 6009Australia department of Sustainable land management&Soil Research Centre School of AgriculturePolicy and DevelopmentUniversity of ReadingReading RG66ARUK department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of MichiganAnn Arbor MI 48109USA

Dear editor,This letter aims to urge the necessity to expand the boundaries of mycorrhizal symbiosis to include certain root fungal *** conventional classification of mycorrhizal associations emphasizes specialized fu... 详细信息

关键词： editor specialized interface

A probe into the acid deposition mitigation path in China over the last four decades and beyond

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National Science Review 2024年第4期11卷 84-92页

作者： Qian Yu Xiaodong Ge Haotian Zheng Jia Xing Lei Duan Dongwei Lv Dian Ding Zhaoxin Dong Yisheng Sun Posch Maximilian Danni Xie Yu Zhao Bin Zhao Shuxiao Wang Jan Mulder Thorj?rn Larssen Jiming Hao State Key Laboratory of environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua University State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control &Resource Reuse and School of the environment Nanjing University State environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex School of EnvironmentTsinghua University International Institute for Applied System Analysis(IIASA) School of land Engineering Chang'an University Faculty of environmental Sciences and Natural Resource management Norwegian University of Life Sciences Norwegian Institute for Water Research

China currently has the highest acid deposition globally, yet research on its status, impacts, causes and controls is lacking. Here, we compiled data and calculated critical loads regarding acid deposition. The results showed that the abatement measures in China have achieved a sharp decline in the emissions of acidifying pollutants and a continuous recovery of precipitation p H, despite the drastic growth in the economy and energy consumption. However, the risk of ecological acidification and eutrophication showed no significant decrease. With similar emission reductions, the decline in areas at risk of acidification in China(7.0%) lags behind those in Europe(20%) or the USA(15%). This was because, unlike Europe and the USA, China's abatement strategies primarily target air quality improvement rather than mitigating ecological impacts. Given that the area with the risk of eutrophication induced by nitrogen deposition remained at 13%of the country even under the scenario of achieving the dual targets of air quality and carbon dioxide mitigation in 2035, we explored an enhanced ammonia abatement pathway. With a further 27% reduction in ammonia by 2035, China could largely eliminate the impacts of acid deposition. This research serves as a valuable reference for China's future acid deposition control and for other nations facing similar challenges.

关键词： acid deposition critical loads acidification eutrophication ammonia abatement

Parkland trees on smallholder farms ameliorate soil physical-chemical properties in the semi-arid area of Tigray,Ethiopia

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Journal of Arid land 2024年第1期16卷 1-13页

作者： Selam LJALEM Emiru BIRHANE Kassa TEKA Daniel H BERHE department of land Resources management and environmental Protection College of Dryland Agriculture and Natural ResourcesMekelle UniversityMekelle 231Ethiopia Institute of Climate and Society Mekelle UniversityMekelle 231Ethiopia Faculty of environmental Sciences and Natural Resource management Norwegian University of Life Sciences(NMBU)Ås 1432Norway department of Natural Resources management Adigrat UniversityAdigrat 50Ethiopia

Proposed agroforestry options should begin with the species that farmers are most familiar with,which would be the native multipurpose trees that have evolved under smallholder farms and socioeconomic *** African birch(Anogeissus leiocarpa(DC.)Guill.&Perr.)and pink jacaranda(Stereospermum kunthianum Cham.)trees are the dominant species in the agroforestry parkland system in the drylands of Tigray,*** farmers highly value these trees for their multifunctional uses including timber,firewood,charcoal,medicine,*** trees also could improve soil ***,the amount of soil physical and chemical properties enhanced by the two species must be determined to maintain the sustainable conservation of the species in the parklands and to scale up to similar agroecological ***,we selected twelve isolated trees,six from each species that had similar dendrometric characteristics and were growing in similar environmental *** divided the canopy cover of each tree into three radial distances:mid-canopy,canopy edge,and canopy gap(control).At each distance,we took soil samples from three different *** collected 216 soil samples(half disturbed and the other half undisturbed)from each canopy position and soil *** density(BD),soil moisture content(SMC),soil organic carbon(SOC),total nitrogen(TN),available phosphorus(AP),available potassium(AK),p H,electrical conductivity(EC),and cation exchange capacity(CEC)were *** revealed that soil physical and chemical properties significantly improved except for soil texture and EC under both species,CEC under ***,and soil p H under ***,all the studied soils were improved under both species canopy as compared with canopy ***,TN,AP,and AK under canopy of these trees were respectively 24.1%,11.1%,55.0%,and 9.3% higher than those soils under *** two parkland agroforestry species significantly enhanced soil fertility near the canopy of top

关键词： agroforestry bulk density carbon stock dispersed tree soil texture tree canopy

Intelligent speed adaptation for visibility technology affects drivers’speed selection along curves with sight limitations

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2024年第1期11卷 16-27页

作者： Abrar Hazoor Alberto Terrafino Leandro L.Di Stasi Marco Bassani department of environment Landand Infrastructure EngineeringPolitecnico di TorinoTorino 10129Italy Road Traffic Division Nord UniversityStjørdal 7502Norway Mind Brainand Behavior Research Centre(CIMCYC)University of GranadaGranada 18071Spain

Sight obstructions along road curves can lead to a crash if the driver is not able to stop the vehicle in *** is a particular issue along curves with limited available sight,where speed management is necessary to avoid unsafe situations(e.g.,driving off the road or invading the other traffic lane).To solve this issue,we proposed a novel intelligent speed adaptation(ISA)system for visibility,called V-ISA(intelligent speed adaptation for visibility).It estimates the real-time safe speed limits based on the prevailing sight conditions.V-ISA comes with three variants with specific feedback modalities(1)visual and(2)auditory information,and(3)direct intervention to assume control over the vehicle ***,we investigated the efficiency of each of the three V-ISA variants on driving speed choice and lateral behavioural response along road curves with limited and unsafe available sight distances,using a driving *** also considered curve road geometry(curve direction:rightward ***).Sixty active drivers were recruited for the *** half of them(experimental group)tested the three V-ISA variants(and a V-ISA off condition),the other half always drove with the V-ISA off(validation group).We used a linear mixed-effect model to evaluate the influence of V-ISA on driver *** V-ISA variants were efficient at reducing speeds at entrance points,with no discernible negative impact on driver lateral *** rightward curves,the V-ISA intervening variant appeared to be the most effective at adapting to sight *** of the current study implies that V-ISA might assist drivers to adjust their operating speed as per prevailing sight conditions and,consequently,establishes safer driving conditions.

关键词： Sight distance Intelligent speed adaptation Driver behaviour Road safety Driving simulation Advanced driver assistance systems

Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on carbon assimilation and ecological stoichiometry of maize under combined abiotic stresses

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2024年第2期17卷 74-88页

作者： Qiong Ran Songlin Zhang Muhammad Arif Xueting Yin Shanshan Chen Guangqian Ren School of management Chongqing University of TechnologyChongqing 400054China Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic environment Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesChongqing 400714China Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region(Ministry of Education) State Cultivation Base of Eco-agriculture for Southwest Mountainous LandSchool of Life SciencesSouthwest UniversityChongqing 400715China Institute of environment and Ecology Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological SecuritySchool of the Environment and Safety EngineeringJiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)enhance plant tolerance to abiotic stresses like salinity and improve crop ***,their effects are variable,and the underlying cause of such variation remains largely *** study aimed to assess how drought modifed the effect of AMF on plant resistance to high calcium-saline stress.A pot experiment was performed to examine how AMF inoculation affects the growth,photosynthetic activity,nutrient uptake and carbon(C),nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)stoichiometric ratio(C:N:P)of maize under high calcium stress and contrasting water *** results showed that high calcium stress signifcantly reduced mycorrhizal colonization,biomass accumulation,C assimilation rate and C:N stoichiometric ratio in plant ***,the adverse effects of calcium stress on photosynthesis were exacerbated under *** inoculation profoundly alleviated such reductions under drought and saline ***,it barely affected maize performance when subjected to calcium stress under well-watered ***,watering changed AMF impact on nutrient allocation in plant *** well-watered conditions,AMF stimulated P accumulation in roots and plant growth,but did not induce leaf P accumulation proportional to C and N,resulting in increased leaf C:P and N:P ratios under high calcium *** contrast,AMF decreased N content and the N:P ratio in leaves under ***,AMF inoculation improved maize resistance to calcium-salt stress through enhanced photosynthesis and modulation of nutrient stoichiometry,particularly under water defcit *** results highlighted the regulatory role of AMF in carbon assimilation and nutrient homeostasis under compound stresses,and provide signifcant guidance on the improvement of crop yield in saline and arid regions.

关键词： arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi compound abiotic stresses C:N:P stoichiometry induced systemic resistance calcium-salt stress