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Essential oils improve nursery pigs' performance and appetite via modulation of intestinal health and microbiota

animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 174-188页

作者： Bi-Chen Zhao Tian-Hao Wang Jian Chen Bai-Hao Qiu Ya-Ru Xu Jin-Long Li College of Veterinary medicine Northeast Agricultural University Heilongjiang Key laboratory for laboratory animals and Comparative medicine Northeast Agricultural University Key laboratory of the Provincial Education department of Heilongjiang for Common animal Disease Prevention and Treatment Northeast Agricultural University

Optimal intestinal health and functionality are essential for animal health and performance,and simultaneously intestinal nutrient transporters and intestinal peptides are also involved in appetite and feed intake control *** the potential of essential oil (EO) in improving animal performance and improving feed palatability,we hypothesized that dietary supplementation of cinnamaldehyde and carvacrol could improve performance and appetite of nursery pigs by modulating intestinal health and *** (100 mg/kg),carvacrol (100 mg/kg),and their mixtures(including 50 mg/kg cinnamaldehyde and 50 mg/kg carvacrol) were supplemented into the diets of 240 nursery pigs for 42 d,and data related to performance were ***,the influence of EO on intestinal health,appetite and gut microbiota and their correlations were *** supplementation increased (P<0.05) the body weight,average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) of piglets,and reduced (P<0.05) diarrhea rates in nursery ***,EO increased (P<0.05) the intestinal absorption area and the abundance of tight junction proteins,and decreased (P<0.05) intestinal permeability and local *** terms of intestinal development and the mucus barrier,EO promoted intestinal development and increased (P<0.05) the number of goblet ***,we found that piglets in the EO-supplemented group had upregulated (P<0.05) levels of transporters and digestive enzymes in the intestine,which were significantly associated with daily gain and feed *** addition,EO supplementation somewhat improved appetite in nursery pigs,increased the diversity of the gut microbiome and the abundance of beneficial bacteria,and there was a correlation between altered bacterial structure and appetite-related *** findings indicate that EO is effective in promoting growth performance and nutrient absorption as well as in regulating appetite by improving int

关键词： Nursery pig Essential oil Intestinal health Appetite Microbiota

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Fermented calcium butyrate supplementation in post-peak laying hens improved ovarian function and tibia quality through the“gut-bone” axis

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animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 350-362页

作者： Huaiyong Zhang Yongshuai Wang Yilu Wang Bin Wei Leilei Wang Minh Tu Nguyen Xiangyun Lv Yanqun Huang Wen Chen College of animal Science and Technology Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and NutritionMinistry of AgricultureHenan Agricultural University laboratory for animal Nutrition and animal Product Quality Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic EcologyGhent University department of Agriculture and Forestry Hue University Charoen Pokphand Group Co. Ltd.

The compromised egg quality and leg abnormality during the end of the laying cycle(after 40 weeks)have been leading to poor animal welfare and substantial economic losses. Therefore, the effects of fermented calcium(Ca) butyrate, produced by fermentation by Clostridium butyricum, on production,eggshell quality, and tibial property of hens were explored. A total of 192 Hy-line brown laying hens at50-week-old were assigned to a basal diet or the basal diet with 300 mg/kg of the fermented Ca butyrate from 50 to 58 weeks of age. Each treatment had 6 replicates with 16 hens each. The diet supplemented with 300 mg/kg fermented Ca butyrate notably increased egg weight, ovarian follicle number, and eggshell strength(P = 0.072) as compared to the basal diet, which were associated with cytokine secretion, toll-like receptor signaling pathways, and intestinal immunity based on the RNA-seq data from the granulosa. Dietary Ca butyrate inclusion decreased the expression of ileal tumor necrosis factor-alpha and serum pro-inflammatory cytokine concentration, as well as increased the content of serum immunoglobulin A when compared to the basal diet(both P 0.05). In addition, the diet with fermented Ca butyrate reduced the number of osteoclasts in the proximal tibia and the level of C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen, a bone resorption marker(P < 0.05), whereas it tended to increase the concentration of the procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide that reflects bone formation marker in serum. Moreover, the layers fed fermented Ca butyrate diets possessed higher(P < 0.05) bone area and trabecular number of the proximal tibia, yield load, and ultimate load than those that consumed basal diets. Collectively, dietary fermented Ca butyrate supplementa

关键词： Fermented Ca butyrate Ovarian property Tibia metabolism Layer

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The virulence regulator AbsR in avian pathogenic Escherichia coli has pleiotropic effects on bacterial physiology

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第2期23卷 649-668页

作者： Dongfang Zhao Haobo Zhang Xinyang Zhang Fengwei Jiang Yijing Li Wentong Cai Ganwu Li State Key laboratory for animal Disease Control and Prevention Harbin Veterinary Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesHarbin 150069China College of Veterinary medicine Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin 150038China National animal Tuberculosis Reference laboratory Division of Zoonoses SurveillanceChina Animal Health and Epidemiology CenterQingdao 266032China department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production animal medicine College of Veterinary MedicineIowa State UniversityAmesIowa 50011-1134the United States

Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli(APEC)belonging to extraintestinal pathogenic ***(ExPEC)can cause severe infections in extraintestinal tissues in birds and humans,such as the lungs and ***(microcin production regulation,locus A,herein renamed AbsR,a blood survival regulator),a member of the MarR(multiple antibiotic resistance regulator)transcriptional regulator family,governs the expression of capsule biosynthetic genes in human ExPEC and represents a promising druggable target for ***,a deep understanding of the AbsR regulatory mechanism as well as its regulon is *** this study,we present a systems-level analysis of the APEC AbsR regulon using ChIP-Seq(chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing)and RNA-Seq(RNA sequencing)*** found that AbsR directly regulates 99 genes and indirectly regulates 667 ***,we showed that:1)AbsR contributes to antiphagocytotic effects by macrophages and virulence in a mouse model for systemic infection by directly activating the capsular gene cluster;2)AbsR positively impacts biofilm formation via direct regulation of the T2SS(type II secretion system)but plays a marginal role in virulence;and 3)AbsR directly upregulates the acid tolerance signaling system EvgAS to withstand acid stress but is dispensable in ExPEC ***,our data indicate that the role of AbsR in virulence gene regulation is relatively conserved in ExPEC ***,this study provides a comprehensive analysis of the AbsR regulon and regulatory mechanism,and our data suggest that AbsR likely influences virulence primarily through the control of capsule ***,we found that AbsR severely represses the expression of the type I-F CRISPR(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)-Cas(CRISPR associated)systems,which could have implications in CRISPR biology and application.

关键词： avian pathogenic Escherichia coli(APEC) extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli(ExPEC) AbsR RNA-Seq ChIP-Seq gene regulation

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Abomasal infusion of branched-chain amino acids or branched-chain keto-acids alter lactation performance and liver triglycerides in fresh cows

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Journal of animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 1145-1157页

作者： Kristen Gallagher Isabelle Bernstein Cynthia Collings David Main Ghayyoor Ahmad Sarah Naughton Jayasimha Daddam Vengai Mavangira Mike Vandehaar Zheng Zhou department of animal Science Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing 48824USA department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production animal medicine Ames 50011USA

Background Dairy cows are at high risk of fatty liver disease in early lactation,but current preventative measures are not always *** with fatty liver have lower circulating branched-chain amino acid(BCAA)concentra-tions whereas cows with high circulating BCAA levels have low liver triglyceride(TG).Our objective was to determine the impact of BCAA and their corresponding ketoacids(branched-chain ketoacids,BCKA)on production performance and liver TG accumulation in Holstein cows in the first 3 weeks *** Thirty-six multiparous Holstein cows were used in a randomized block design *** were abomasally infused for the first 21 d postpartum with solutions of 1)saline(CON,n=12);2)BCA(67 g valine,50 g leu-cine,and 34 g isoleucine,n=12);and 3)BCK(77 g 2-ketovaline calcium salt,57 g 2-ketoleucine calcium salt,and 39 g 2-ketoisoleucine calcium salt,n=12).All cows received the same *** effects were determined using PROC GLIMMIX in *** No differences were detected for body weight,body condition score,or dry matter intake averaged over the first 21 d *** receiving BCK had significantly lower liver TG concentrations compared to CON(6.60%vs.4.77%,standard error of the mean(SEM)0.49)during the first 3 weeks of *** of BCA increased milk yield(39.5 vs.35.3 kg/d,SEM 1.8),milk fat yield(2.10 vs.1.69 kg/d,SEM 0.08),and lactose yield(2.11 vs.1.67 kg/d,SEM 0.07)compared with *** to CON,cows receiving BCA had lower plasma glucose(55.0 vs.59.2 mg/dL,SEM 0.86)but higherβ-hydroxybutyrate(9.17 vs.6.00 mg/dL,SEM 0.80).Conclusions Overall,BCAA supplementation in this study improved milk production,whereas BCKA supplementa-tion reduced TG accumulation in the liver of fresh cows.

关键词： Branched-chain amino acids Branched-chain ketoacids Fatty liver Fresh cow

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Prenatal cadmium exposure impairs neural tube closure via inducing excessive apoptosis in neuroepithelium

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第4期138卷 572-584页

作者： Shiyong Zhu Xuenan Li Xueyan Dai Jinlong Li College of Veterinary medicine Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin 150030China Key laboratory of the Provincial Education department of Heilongjiang for Common animal Disease Prevention and Treatment Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin 150030China Heilongjiang Key laboratory for laboratory animals and Comparative medicine Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin 150030China

Birth defects have become a public health *** hazardous environmental factors exposure to embryos could increase the risk of birth ***,a toxic environmental factor,can cross the placental barrier during *** woman may be subjected to cadmium before taking precautionary protective ***,the link between birth defects and cadmium remains *** exposure can induce excessive apoptosis in neuroepithelium during embryonic development *** exposure activated the p53 via enhancing the adenosine 5‘-monophosphate(AMP)-activated protein kinase(AMPK)and reactive oxygen species'(ROS)*** cadmium decreases the level of Paired box 3(Pax3)and murine double minute 2(Mdm2),disrupting the process of p53 *** p53 accumulation induced excessive apoptosis in neuroepithelium during embryonic development *** apoptosis led to the failure of neural tube *** study emphasizes that environmental materials may increase the health risk for *** caused the failure of neural tube closure during early embryotic *** women may be exposed by cadmium before taking precautionary protective actions,because of cadmium concentration-containing foods and environmental tobacco *** suggests that prenatal cadmium exposure is a threatening risk factor for birth defects.

关键词： Cadmium Neural tube closure Excessive apoptosis p53 Embryogenesis

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Potential role of tubulin glutamylation in neurodegenerative diseases

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第6期19卷 1191-1192页

作者： Abdullah Md.Sheikh Shatera Tabassum department of laboratory medicine Shimane University Faculty of Medicine

The differentiation of neuronal stem cells into mature neurons is a complex process that involves both structural and functional changes. As cells undergo differentiation, there are notable functional changes, including the expression of various transcription factors, cytokines, and neurotransmitiers. Additionally, structural changes occur as the cells develop various processes from the cell body and establish synaptic contacts with other cells.

关键词： POLARITY

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Emerging tropane alkaloids:Global development and potential health threats

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Food Quality and Safety 2024年第1期8卷 12-26页

作者： Zile Wang Shiqi Chen Pimiao Zheng Zhenhui Ren Huixia Zhang Jing Zhang Bing Shao Congming Wu Haiyang Jiang department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food SafetyBeijing Laboratory for Food Quality and SafetyNational Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and SafetyCollege of Veterinary MedicineChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina. College of Veterinary medicine Shandong Agricultural UniversityTaianChina. Tianjin Key laboratory of Agricultural animal Breeding and Healthy Husbandry College of Animal Science and Veterinary MedicineTianjin Agricultural UniversityTianjinChina Beijing Key laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and ControlBeijingChina.

Tropane alkaloids(TAs)are a kind of plant secondary metabolite that mainly originate from *** have potent anticholinergic activity,and are well-known anticholinergic drugs,but have also been reported as plant *** studies have been conducted on TAs,but no scientometric research has been *** study aimed to expound the knowledge network and development of the feld of TAs and predict the emerging development topics based on *** particular,this research combined VOSviewer and CiteSpace for visualization and covered 1,298 related scientifc publications(1953–2022).The research on TAs is rapidly developing,with the participation of 86 countries,1,129 research institutions,and 4,087 ***,the University of Geneva,and *** are the most productive country,institution,and researcher,***,the main research topics on TAs include biosynthesis,in vitro synthesis,chemical synthesis,and determination *** 2018,the monitoring of TAs in food related to human health has shown citation burst characteristics,which is considered an emerging development trend in the *** fndings of this study will enable researchers to quickly tap into the knowledge background/structure of TAs from massive data to provide a reference for further research.

关键词： Tropane alkaloids bibliometrics biosynthesis in vitro synthesis chemical synthesis determination contamination food safety

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Quercetin Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Cardiac Inflammation via Inhibiting Autophagy and Programmed Cell Death

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2024年第1期37卷 54-70页

作者： YU Jin Hai HU Guo Liang GUO Xiao Quan CAO Hua Bin XIA Zhao Fei AMIN Buhe Jiangxi Provincial Key laboratory for animal Health Institute of Animal Population HealthCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyJiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchang 330045JiangxiChina Internal medicine laboratory Department of Veterinary Clinical MedicineCollege of Veterinary MedicineChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100091China department of Cancer Surgery Beijing Shijitan Hospital Affiliated with Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100038China

Objective The aim of this study is to explore the potential modulatory role of quercetin against Endotoxin or lipopolysaccharide(LPS)induced septic cardiac *** Specific pathogen-free chicken embryos(n=120)were allocated untreated control,phosphate buffer solution(PBS)vehicle,PBS with ethanol vehicle,LPS(500 ng/egg),LPS with quercetin treatment(10,20,or 40 nmol/egg,respectively),Quercetin groups(10,20,or 40 nmol/egg).Fifteenday-old embryonated eggs were inoculated with abovementioned solutions via the allantoic *** embryonic day 19,the hearts of the embryos were collected for histopathological examination,RNA extraction,real-time polymerase chain reaction,immunohistochemical investigations,and Western *** They demonstrated that the heart presented inflammatory responses after LPS *** LPS-induced higher mRNA expressions of inflammation-related factors(TLR4,TNFα,MYD88,NF-κB1,IFNγ,IL-1β,IL-8,IL-6,IL-10,p38,MMP3,and MMP9)were blocked by quercetin with three *** significantly decreased immunopositivity to TLR4 and MMP9 in the treatment group when compared with the LPS *** significantly decreased protein expressions of TLR4,IFNγ,MMP3,and MMP9 when compared with the LPS *** treatment prevented LPS-induced increase in the mRNA expression of Claudin 1 and ZO-1,and significantly decreased protein expression of claudin 1 when compared with the LPS *** significantly downregulated autophagyrelated gene expressions(PPARα,SGLT1,APOA4,AMPKα1,AMPKα2,ATG5,ATG7,Beclin-1,and LC3B)and programmed cell death(Fas,Bcl-2,CASP1,CASP12,CASP3,and RIPK1)after LPS *** significantly decreased immunopositivity to APOA4,AMPKα2,and LC3-II/LC3-I in the treatment group when compared with the LPS *** significantly decreased protein expressions of AMPKα1,LC3-I,and *** significantly decreased the protein expression to CASP1 and CASP3 by immunohistochemical investigation or

关键词： Quercetin Lipopolysaccharide Inflammation Autophagy Programmed cell death Myocardiocytes permeability

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Invasive ant learning is not affected by seven potential neuroactive chemicals

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Current Zoology 2024年第1期70卷 87-97页

作者： Henrique Galante Tomer J.Czaczkes department of Zoology and Evolutionary Biology Animal Comparative Economics LaboratoryUniversity of Regensburg93053 Regensburg Germany

Argentine ants Linepithema humile are one of the most damaging invasive alien species *** or disrupting cognitive abilities,such as learning,has the potential to improve management efforts,for example by increasing preference for a bait,or improving ants'ability to learn its characteristics or ***-feeding insects are often the victims of psychoactive manipulation,with plants lacing their nectar with secondary metabolites such as alkaloids and non-protein amino acids which often alter learning,foraging,or ***,the effect of neuroactive chemicals has seldomly been explored in ***,we test the effects of seven potential neuroactive chemicals-two alkaloids:caffeine and nicotine;two biogenic amines:dopamine and octopamine,and three nonprotein amino acids:β-alanine,GABA and taurineon the cognitive abilities of invasive *** using bifurcation *** results confirm that these ants are strong associative learners,requiring as little as one experience to develop an ***,we show no short-term effect of any of the chemicals tested on spatial learning,and in addition no effect of caffeine on short-term olfactory *** lack of effect is surprising,given the extensive reports of the tested chemicals affecting learning and foraging in *** mismatch could be due to the heavy bias towards bees in the literature,a positive result publicationbias,ordifferences inmethodology.

关键词： associativelearning caffeine memory neuroactivechemicals

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Fucoidan protects against LPS-induced mastitis and enhances the integrity of blood-milk barrier by activating AMPK/Nrf2 and autophagy

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年

作者： Xiaoben Liang Yuhong Chen Zhijie Zheng Yonghui Zheng Haichong Wu Longyan University & Fujian Provincial Key laboratory for Prevention and Control of animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology College of animal Sciences and Veterinary medicine Guangxi University department of Veterinary medicine College of animal Sciences Zhejiang University

Mastitis often occurs during women’s lactation period， causing great psychological and physical pain to women. Fucoidan， a sulfated polysaccharide obtained from brown algae， has much broader biological properties. However， the roles of fucoidan in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced mastitis are still undiscovered. The present study was aimed to evaluate the influences of fucoidan on LPS-induced mouse mastitis and investigate its possible mechanisms. The expression profiles of fucoidan acting on mastitis were analyzed by Network pharmacology. Additionally， mechanism experiments verified the mechanism of fucoidan on mastitis. The results of in vivo study displayed that the treatment of fucoidan to LPS-stimulated mouse mastitis decreased the inflammatory damage， proinflammatory cytokines level and repaired the completeness of blood-milk barrier. In the study of mouse mammary epithelial cells， fucoidan suppressed the secretion of reactive oxygen species (ROS)and enhanced the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Molecular experiments suggested that fucoidan promoted Nrf2 nuclear import and autophagy via activating the AMPK signaling pathway. The above results indicated that in mastitis， fucoidan promoted Nrf2 nuclear import and autophagy via activating the AMPK signaling pathway， thereby suppressing oxidative stress and inflammatory injury to the mammary glands and protecting the blood-milk barrier.

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