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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第29期30卷 3534-3537页

作者： Faisal S Ali Sushovan Guha department of Gastroenterology Hepatologyand NutritionUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHustonTX 77054United States department of Clinical Sciences Tilman J.Fertitta Family College of MedicineUniversity of HoustonHoustonTX 77204United States

The role of endoscopy in pathologies of the bile duct and gallbladder has seen notable advancements over the past two *** advancements in stent technology,such as the development of lumen-apposing metal stents,and adoption of endoscopic ultrasound and electrosurgical principles in therapeutic endoscopy,what was once considered endoscopic failure has transformed into failure of an approach that could be salvaged by a second-or third-line endoscopic *** of these advancements in routine patient care will require formal training and multidisciplinary acceptance of established techniques and collaboration for advancement of experimental techniques to generate robust evidence that can be utilized to serve patients to the best of our ability.

关键词： Endoscopic ultrasound Guided biliary drainage Gallbladder Biliary obstruction Lumen-apposing metal stent

Effect of Nitrogen on Yield and Oil Quality of Sunflower (<i>Helianthus Annuus</i>L.) Hybrids under Sub Humid Conditions of Pakistan

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2012年第2期3卷 243-251页

作者： Wajid Nasim Ashfaq Ahmad Asghari Bano Rabiu Olatinwo Muhammad Usman Tasneem Khaliq Aftab Wajid Hafiz Mohkum Hammad Muhammad Mubeen Muzzammil Hussain Adaptive Research Farm Government of Punjab Lahore Pakistan Agro-Climatology Laboratory Department of Agronomy University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan department of Biological & Agricultural Engineering University of Georgia Griffin USA department of irrigation & drainage University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan department of Plant Sciences Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad Pakistan

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) has emerged as an economically important crop in Pakistan due to its significant share in vegetable oil production. The plant metabolic processes require protein to increase the vegetative, reproductive growth and yield of the crop. The protein is wholly dependent upon the amount of nitrogen fertilization available for plant use. A two-year field study was conducted in 2008 and 2009. The objective was to determine the effect of different nitrogen (N) levels (N1 = 0 kg·ha–1, N2 = 60 kg·ha–1, N3 = 120 kg·ha–1, N4 = 180 kg·ha–1 and N5 = 240 kg·ha–1) on three sunflower hybrids (Hysun-33, Hysun-38 and Poineer-64A93) in agro-climatic conditions of Gujranwala, a sub-humid region in the centre of the Punjab province of Pakistan. A randomized complete block design split plot experiment was set-up with cultivars in the main plots and N levels in the subplots. Results showed that Hysun-38 gave maximum TDM (15815 kg·ha–1) and maximum grain yield (3389 kg·ha–1), while minimum TDM (14640 kg·ha–1) and grain yield (3125 kg·ha–1) was observed in Hysun-33. Among different N rates evaluated, N4 gave maximum TDM (17890 kg·ha–1) and grain yield (3809 kg·ha–1) compared to the other N rates. The maximum oil content (46.2%) was observed in Hysun-38 without application of N fertilizer (N1), while the minimum oil content (40.6%) was observed from N5 treatment. In conclusion, the application of 180 kg·ha–1 N to Hysun-38 provided the best combination for good yield in sunflower crop under the prevailing sub-humid conditions of Pakistan.

关键词： Helianthus annuus L. Nitrogen Rates Yield Subhumid Conditions Pakistan

Integration of geoelectric and hydrochemical approaches for delineation of groundwater potential zones in alluvial aquifer

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Journal of Groundwater Science and Engineering 2020年第4期8卷 366-380页

作者： Qaisar Mehmood Muhammad Arshad Muhammad Rizwan Shanawar Hamid Waqas Mehmood Muhammad Ansir Muneer Muhammad Irfan Lubna Anjum department of irrigation&drainage Faculty of Agricultural Engineering&TechnologyUniversity of AgricultureFaisalabad38040Pakistan department of Agriculture(Field Wing)Government of Punjab Pakistan Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing and Geospatial Science Northwest Institute of Eco Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Khawaja Farid University of Engineering and Information Technology Pakistan Adaptive Research Farms Agriculture Department(Extension&Research Wing)PunjabPakistan PMU Agriculture DepartmentGovernment of PunjabPakistan

Geoelectric and hydrochemical approaches are employed to delineate the groundwater potential zones in District Okara,a part of Bari Doab,Punjab,***-seven VES surveys are conducted with the Electrical Resistivity *** resultant resistivity verses depth model for each site is estimated using computer-based software *** thickness maps and interpreted resistivity maps were generated from interpreted VES ***-Zarrouk parameters,transverse resistance(TR),longitudinal conductance(SL)and anisotropy(λ)were also calculated from resistivity data to delineate the potential zones of aquifer.70%of SL value is≤3S,30%of SL value is>*** to SL and TR values,the whole area is divided into three potential zones,high,medium and low potential *** spatial distribution maps show that north,south and central parts of study area are marked as good potential aquifer *** conductance values are further utilized to determine aquifer protective capacity of *** whole area is characterized by moderate to good and up to some extent very good aquifer protective area on the basis of SL *** groundwater samples from sixty-seven installed tube wells are collected for hydro-chemical *** electrical conductivity values are *** is then developed between the EC(μS/cm)of groundwater samples *** aquifer resistivity showing R2 value 0.90.

关键词： Aquifer Groundwater potential zone Longitudinal conductance VES

Endohepatology:Arrival at the frontier of interventional endosonography

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第18期30卷 2397-2401页

作者： Shane P Selvanderan Eric Lam Neal Shahidi department of Medicine University of British ColumbiaVancouver V6Z 1Y6BCCanada

Endohepatology describes the emerging field where diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)are used for the diagnosis and management of liver disease and its *** this editorial we comment on the article by Gadour et *** spectrum of EUS-guided procedures includes liver parenchymal and lesional biopsy,abscess drainage,treatment of focal liver lesions,diagnosis of portal hypertension and management of gastric *** data suggest that the application of EUS to hepatology is technically feasible and safe,heralding the arrival at a new frontier for *** data,specifically randomised trials comparing EUS to interventional radiology techniques,and continued partnership between endoscopy and hepatology are required to see this field establish itself outside expert tertiary centres.

关键词： Cancer Cirrhosis Endoscopy Endoscopic ultrasound Liver disease

Evaluation of SWAT Model performance on glaciated and non-glaciated subbasins of Nam Co Lake, Southern Tibetan Plateau, China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2019年第5期16卷 1075-1097页

作者： Muhammad ADNAN KANG Shi-chang ZHANG Guo-shuai Muhammad Naveed ANJUM Muhammad ZAMAN ZHANG Yu-qing State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences CAS Centre for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Division of Hydrology Water-Land Resources in Cold and Arid Regions Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences department of irrigation & drainage University of AgricultureFaisalabad Research Center of Fluid Machinery Engineering & Technology Jiangsu University School of Urban and Environmental Sciences Huaiyin Normal University

This paper presents an assessment of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool(SWAT) on a glaciated(Qugaqie) and a non-glaciated(Niyaqu) subbasin of the Nam Co Lake. The Nam Co Lake is located in the southern Tibetan Plateau, two subbasins having catchment areas of 59 km^2 and 388 km^2, respectively. The scores of examined evaluation indices(i.e., R^2, NSE, and PBIAS) established that the performance of the SWAT model was better on the monthly scale compared to the daily scale. The respective monthly values of R^2, NSE, and PBIAS were 0.94, 0.97, and 0.50 for the calibration period while 0.92, 0.88, and -8.80 for the validation period. Glacier melt contribution in the study domain was simulated by using the SWAT model in conjunction with the Degree Day Melt(DDM) approach. The conjunction of DDM with the SWAT Model ensued improved results during both calibration(R^2=0.96, NSE=0.95, and PBIAS=-13.49) and validation (R^2=0.97, NSE=0.96, and PBIAS=-2.87) periods on the monthly time scale. Average contribution(in percentage) of water balance components to the total streamflow of Niyaqu and Qugaqie subbasins was evaluated. We found that the major portion(99.45%) of the streamflow in the Niyaqu subbasin was generated by snowmelt or rainfall surface runoff(SURF_Q), followed by groundwater(GW_Q, 0.47%), and lateral(LAT_Q, 0.06%) flows. Conversely, in the Qugaqie subbasin, major contributor to the streamflow(79.63%) was glacier melt(GLC_Q), followed by SURF_Q(20.14%), GW_Q(0.13%), and LAT_Q(0.089%). The contribution of GLC_Q was the highest(86.79%) in July and lowest(69.95%) in September. This study concludes that the performance of the SWAT model in glaciated catchment is weak without considering glacier component in modeling; however, it performs reasonably well in non-glaciated catchment. Furthermore, the temperature index approach with elevation bands is viable in those catchments where streamflows are driven by snowmelt. Therefore, it is recommended to use the SWAT Model in con

关键词： SWAT Model Nam Co Lake Degree-day melt model Streamflow Hydrological Response Unit

Role of endoscopic-ultrasound-guided biliary drainage with electrocautery-enhanced lumen-apposing metal stent for palliation of malignant biliary obstruction

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第7期16卷 1981-1985页

作者： Smit S Deliwala Emad Qayed department of Medicine Division of Digestive DiseasesEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGA 30303United States

In this editorial,we discuss the article by Peng et al in the recent issue of the World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery,focusing on the evolving role of endoscopicultrasound-guided biliary drainage(EUS-BD)with electrocautery lumen apposing metal stent(LAMS)for distal malignant biliary *** endoscopy has rapidly advanced in decompression techniques,with growing evidence of its safety and efficacy surpassing percutaneous and surgical *** endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)has been the gold standard for biliary decompression,its failure rate approaches 10.0%,prompting the exploration of alternatives like *** random-effects meta-analysis demonstrated high technical and clinical success of over 90.0% and an adverse event rate of 17.5%,mainly in the form of stent *** based on stent size were not reported but the majority used 6 mm and 8 mm *** the body of literature continues to demonstrate the effectiveness of this technique,the challenges of stent dysfunction need to be addressed in future *** strategy that has shown promise is placement of double-pigtail stents,only 18% received the prophylactic intervention in this *** expect this to improve with time as the technique continues to be refined and *** results above establish EUS-BD with LAMS as a reliable alternative after failed ERCP and considering EUS to ERCP upfront in the same session is an effective *** the promising results,studies must explore the role of EUS-BD as first-line therapy for biliary decompression.

关键词： Endoscopic-ultrasound Malignant biliary obstruction Lumen apposing metal stent Choledochoduodenostomy Hepaticogastrostomy

Control of Seepage through Earth Dams Based on Pervious Foundation Using Toe drainage Systems

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2016年第12期8卷 1158-1174页

作者： Magdy M. Aboelela irrigation Engineering and Hydraulics department Faculty of Engineering Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt

Many dangerous effects arise from seepage through earth dams based on pervious layer. Therefore, the dam embankment must be provided with seepage control measures to avoid such effects. In the present work, different control methods were used such as flat slopes, toe drainage systems, and a catch drain in the tail water. The hydraulic performance of each control measure was evaluated using the analytical solutions, previously developed, to estimate the seepage quantity (q), the height of seepage surface (h3), and the coordinates of the free surface (hx). Study was conducted on a physical model for a dam embankment having a top width (b) = 10.0 meter, height (Hd) = 30.0 meter, and slope factor (m) = 1.5. The obtained results were analyzed and presented in dimensionless charts. Results showed that, the used control measures possess a great effect on the characteristics of seepage through earth dams based on pervious foundations. A comparative study was conducted between the studied toe drainage systems to enable the designers the better choice for design purposes.

关键词： Earth Dam Pervious Foundation Pipe drainage drainage Banquette Inclined drainage Catch Drain Seepage Discharge

Effect of Elevation Data Accuracy on Storm drainage Schemes, Lagos, Nigeria

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Natural Resources 2015年第7期6卷 433-441页

作者： Ashraf M. Elmoustafa Hesham N. Farres Mohamed M. ElFawy irrigation and Hydraulics department Faculty of Engineering Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt

The check of elevation data is an essential step prior the start of any drainage study. An investigation for this concept was done in Lagos, Nigeria using two types of survey sources;a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) with a 15 m resolution produced from Russian Stereo Satellite images (RSS) and a LiDAR survey with a 5 m DEM resolution. A comparison between the RSS model survey and the LiDAR survey showed that LiDAR survey was more accurate than RSS survey and given high reliability. The study also showed that RSS survey could sometimes become misleading and could not assure reliability. A watershed modeling tool was used to analyze both surveys to produce the expected drainage streams. It was found that some locations using RSS had a false drainage direction when compared with higher accurate LiDAR surveys.

关键词： Lagos DEM LiDAR drainage RSS

Stable channel analysis with sediment transport for rivers in Malaysia:A case study of the Muda,Kurau,and Langat rivers

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2020年第5期35卷 455-466页

作者： Mohd Afiq Harun Aminuddin Ab Ghani Reza Mohammadpour Ngai Weng Chan River Engineering and Urban drainage Research Centre (REDAC) Universiti Sains MalaysiaEngineering Campus department of Civil Engineering Estahban BranchIslamic Azad University School of Civil Engineering Universiti Sains MalaysiaEngineering Campus School of Humanities Universiti Sains Malaysia

Assessments of a stable channel were done to evaluate the conditions of three rivers in Malaysia,using an analytical method that modifies the stable channel flowchart developed by Chang(1988) and Ariffin(2004).The analytical approach was selected to calculate the suitable dimensions for a stable channel,using equations that describe the physical relation of sediment transport,flow resistance,and dynamic *** field data were used as the input data for the stable channel program,which then processed the data until the input discharge was equal to the output ***,this method depends on the accuracy of the sediment transport equation that is used in the stable channel *** equations recommended by the department of irrigation and drainage(DID),Malaysia,were found to be unsuitable because of their low discrepancy ratio(DR) values,which were below 42%.These are the equations of Engelund and Hansen(1967) and Yang(1979),as well as existing local equations from Ariffin(2004) and Sinnakaudan et al.(2006).Therefore,revised equations were developed in the current study to increase the accuracy of the total bed material load equations for use in Malaysian *** newly revised Ariffin(2004) and Sinnakaudan et al.(2006) equations yielded better DRs of 66.34 and 64.49%,*** assessments done on the Kurau River(a small river),the Muda River(a medium-size river),and the Langat River(a large river) show that these rivers have experienced different levels of *** the Kurau River was found to have minimal erosion and sedimentation ***,stable channel assessments for the Muda River and the Langat River revealed that both rivers had experienced severe erosion,due to excessive sand *** all the cross section sampling points on the Muda River and Langat River were deeper than the suggested stable channel heights.

关键词： Stable channel Sediment transport Total bed material load

Sustainable development of unconventional resources: Analysis of the transient linear flow oriented straight-line analysis technique

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Energy Reviews 2024年第1期3卷 49-75页

作者： Dan Xue Liangliang Jiang Zixiang Wei Maojie Chai Jiang Liu Peng Deng Fuhe Lin Jian Li Jiansheng Zhang Zhangxing Chen department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering University of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada Guangdong University of Petrochemical and Technology MaomingChina School of Mathematics and Data Science Shaanxi University of Science and TechnologyXi'anChina department of Energy and Power Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina Eastern Institute for Advanced Study NingboChina China University of Petroleum(Beijing) BeijingChina

On the backdrop of dwindling conventional reserves,unconventional reservoirs have emerged as a pivotal chapter in resource *** their challenges,such as low permeability,complex fluid storage,and flow mechanisms,hydraulic fracturing technology has underpinned the development of unconventional ***,this has brought about a shift in the sequence of flow regimes,e.g.,the transient radial flow regime has been largely shortened by the lengthy transient linear flow regime due to the low permeability of unconventional ***,straight-line analysis(SLA),the simplest technique in rate transient analysis(RTA),is a fundamental and potent tool for swiftly extracting reservoir and hydraulic fracture information,estimating oil and gas reserves,and furnishing crucial initial data for subsequent historical matching ***,there is currently a dearth of review papers pertaining to a necessary guide of applying SLA in various transient linear flow(TLF)regimes and different unconventional ***,this paper commences by elucidating the classification of TLF regimes,commonly used methods for recognizing flow regimes,and the diverse SLA methods used for different TLF ***,it delves into a discussion of different modification techniques for variable rate/flowing pressure,gas phase,complex reservoir characteristics in unconventional reservoirs,and dynamic drainage area concepts ***,the application of SLA in specific domains,namely core analysis and the flowback period,is *** culminates by surveying the advancements through an integration of novel technologies to enhance estimation *** paper also highlights certain drawbacks of current SLA technology and proposes new research ***,this paper would serve as an indispensable resource,offering foundational knowledge for the application of SLA in TLF to promote the production of global unconventional resources in a c

关键词： Unconventional reservoirs Straight-line analysis(SLA) Transient linear flow(TLF) Oil/gas reserves Hydraulic fracture information