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Spatial diversion and coordination of flood water for an urban flood control project in Suzhou, China

Water Science and Engineering 2024年第2期17卷 108-117页

作者： Yu Xu You-peng Xu Qiang Wang Yue-feng Wang Chao Gao department of Geography and Spatial Information techniques Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315211China State Key Laboratoryof Hydology Water Resources and Hydraulic Enginering Nanjing Hydraulic Research InstitueNanjing 210029China Laboratory of Sustainable Urban drainage Ningbo UniversityNingbo 31521lChina Schol of Gegraphical and Oceanographic Sciences Nanjing UniversiyNanjing 210023China School of Geography and Tourism Chongqing Normal UniversityChongqing 401331China

Suzhou City,located in the Yangtze River Delta in China,is prone to flooding due to a complex combination of natural factors,including its monsoon climate,low elevation,and tidally influenced position,as well as intensive human *** Large Encirclement Flood Control Project(LEFCP)was launched to cope with serious floods in the urban *** project changed the spatiotemporal pattern of flood processes and caused spatial diversion of floods from the urban area to the outskirts of the ***,this study developed a distributed flood simulation model in order to understand this transition of flood *** results revealed that the LEFCP effectively protected the urban areas from floods,but the present scheduling schemes resulted in the spatial diversion of floods to the outskirts of the *** rainstorm frequencies of 10.0%to 0.5%,the water level differences between two representative water level stations(Miduqiao(MDQ)and Fengqiao(FQ))located inside and outside the LEFCP area,ranged from 0.75 m to 0.24 m and from 1.80 m to 1.58 m,*** addition,the flood safety margin at MDQ and the duration with the water level exceeding the warning water level at FQ ranged from 0.95 m to 0.43 m and from 4 h to 22 h,*** scheduling schemes for the hydraulic facilities of the LEFCP in extreme precipitation cases were developed ac-cording to food simulations under seven scheduling *** helps to regulate the spatial flood diversion caused by the LEFCP during extreme precipitation.

关键词： Urban flooding Urban flood control project Rainstorm fregue ncy Flood simulation model Suzhou City

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Effect of Saline Water on Soil Acidity, Alkalinity and Nutrients Leaching in Sandy Loamy Soil in Rwamagana Bella Flower Farm, Rwanda

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第1期15卷 15-35页

作者： Abel Mwubahaman Wali Umaru Garba Hussein Bizimana Jean de Dieu Bazimenyera Eric Derrick Bugenimana Jean Nepomuscene Nsengiyumva department of irrigation and drainage School of Agriculture Engineering College of Agriculture Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine University of Rwanda Nyagatare Campus Kigali Rwanda department of Agricultural Engineering Rwanda Polytechnic—IPRC Gishari Kigali Rwanda

The necessity to saline and sodic waters is sometimes used for irrigating agricultural activities under certain circumstances, but it is important to note that the use of these waters comes with specific considerations and limitations. One way to decrease undesirable effects of sodic waters on the physical and chemical properties of soils is to apply organic and chemical amendments within the soil. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of saline water on soil acidity, alkalinity and nutrients leaching in sandy loamy soil at Bella flower farm, in Rwamagana District, Rwanda. The water used was from the Muhazi Lake which is classified as Class I (Saline water quality). Column leaching experiments using treated soils were then conducted under saturated conditions. The soil under experimental was first analyzed for its textural classification, soil properties and is classified as sandy loamy soil. The t-test was taken at 1%, 5% and 10% levels of statistical significance compared to control soil. The results indicated that the application of saline water to soils caused an increase in some soil nutrients like increase of Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K+), Magnesium (Mg2+), Sulphur (S), CN ratio and Sodium (Na+) and decreased soil texture, physical and chemical properties and remained soil nutrients. Consequently, the intensive addition of saline water leachates to soil in PVC pipes led to decreased of soil EC through leaching and a raiser Soluble Sodium Percentage (SSP). The rate of saline water application affected the increase accumulation of SAR and Na% in the top soil layers. The study indicated that saline water is an inefficient amendment for sandy soil with saline water irrigation. The study recommends further studies with similar topic with saline water irrigation, as it accentuated the alkalinity levels.

关键词： Nutrients Leaching Saline Water Soil Acidity Soil Alkalinity

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Assessment of future climate change impacts on hydrological behavior of Richmond River Catchment

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Water Science and Engineering 2017年第3期10卷 197-208页

作者： Hashim Isam Jameel Al-Safi Priyantha Ranjan Sarukkalige department of Civil Engineering Curtin UniversityPerth 6102Australia department of irrigation and drainage techniques Technical Institute of ShatrahSouthern Technical UniversityDhi QarIraq

This study evaluated the impacts of future climate change on the hydrological response of the Richmond River Catchment in New South Wales(NSW), Australia, using the conceptual rainfall-runoff modeling approach(the Hydrologiska Byrans Vattenbalansavdelning(HBV)model). Daily observations of rainfall, temperature, and streamflow and long-term monthly mean potential evapotranspiration from the meteorological and hydrological stations within the catchment for the period of 1972 e2014 were used to run, calibrate, and validate the HBV model prior to the streamflow prediction. Future climate signals of rainfall and temperature were extracted from a multi-model ensemble of seven global climate models(GCMs) of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 3(CMIP3) with three regional climate scenarios, A2, A1 B,and B1. The calibrated HBV model was then forced with the ensemble mean of the downscaled daily rainfall and temperature to simulate daily future runoff at the catchment outlet for the early part(2016 e2043), middle part(2044 e2071), and late part(2072 e2099) of the 21 st *** scenarios during the future periods present decreasing tendencies in the annual mean streamflow ranging between 1% and 24.3% as compared with the observed period. For the maximum and minimum flows, all scenarios during the early, middle, and late parts of the century revealed significant declining tendencies in the annual mean maximum and minimum streamflows, ranging between 30% and 44.4% relative to the observed period. These findings can assist the water managers and the community of the Richmond River Catchment in managing the usage of future water resources in a more sustainable way.

关键词： Climate change impact Hydrological modeling HBV model GCMs Richmond River Catchment Australia

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The effects of deficit irrigation on nitrogen consumption,yield,and quality in drip irrigated grafted and ungrafted watermelon

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第5期14卷 966-976页

作者： Selcuk zmen Riza Kanber Nebahat Sari Mustafa nl University of Dzce Department of Biosystem Engineering University of Cukurova Department of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering University of Cukurova Department of Horticulture

The aim of this study is to determine the effects of deficit irrigation on nitrogen consumption,yield,and quality in grafted and ungrafted *** study was conducted in Cukurova region,Eastern Mediterranean,Turkey,between 2006 and 2008,and employed 3 irrigation rates（full irrigation（l_（100）） with no stress,moderate irrigation（Dl_（70））,and low irrigation（Dl_（50））;Dl_（70） and Dl_（50） were considered deficit irrigation） on grafted（CTJ,Crimson Tide＋Jumbo） and the ungrafted（CT,Crimson Tide） *** amount of irrigation water（IR） applied to the study plots were calculated based on cumulative pan evaporation that occurred during the irrigation *** consumption was 16%lower in CTJ plants than in CT *** the other hand,consumption of nitrogen was 28%higher in Dl_（50） plants than in Dl_（70） plants while it was 23%higher in Dl_（50） plants than in l_（100） *** grafting,the average amount of nitrogen content in seeds,pulps and peels for CTJ was 30,43 and 56%more than those of CT,*** yield and the quality were not significantly affected by the deficit *** this respect,grafting of watermelon gave higher yield,but,it had a slight effect on fruit *** highest yield values of 16.90 and 19.32 kg plant^（-1） in 2008 were obtained with l_（100）and in CTJ plants,***,Dl_（50） treatment could be taken into account for the development of reduced irrigation strategies in semiarid regions where irrigation water supplies are ***,the yield increased by applying CTJ treatment to the watermelon production.

关键词： irrigation deficit grafted grafting fruit slight ammonium consumed solids leaching

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Modelling reference evapotranspiration using gene expression programming and artificial neural network at Pantnagar,India

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2023年第4期10卷 547-563页

作者： Pangam Heramb Pramod Kumar Singh K.V.Ramana Rao A.Subeesh Division of irrigation and drainage Engineering ICAR-Central Institute of Agricultural EngineeringBhopal 462038India department of irrigation and drainage Engineering G.B.Pant University of Agriculture and TechnologyPantnagar 263145India Division of Agricultural Mechanization ICAR-Central Institute of Agricultural EngineeringBhopal 462038India

Evapotranspiration is an essential component of the hydrological cycle that is of particular interest for water resource *** quantification is helpful in irrigation scheduling,water balance studies,water allocation,*** of reference evapotranspiration(ET0)using both gene expression programming(GEP)and artificial neural network(ANN)techniques was done using the daily meteorological data of the Pantnagar region,India,from 2010 to 2019.A total of 15 combinations of inputs were used in developing the ET0 *** model with the least number of inputs consisted of maximum and minimum air temperatures,whereas the model with the highest number of inputs consisted of maximum air temperature,minimum air temperature,mean relative humidity,number of sunshine hours,wind speed at 2mheight and extra-terrestrial radiation as inputs and with ET0 as the output for all the *** the GEP models were developed for a single functional set and pre-defined genetic operator values,while the best structure in each ANN model was found based on the performance during the testing *** was found that ANN models were superior to GEP models for the estimation *** was evident from the reduction in RMSE values ranging from 2%to 56%during training and testing phases in all the ANN models compared with GEP *** ANN models showed an increase of about 0.96%to 9.72%of R2 value compared to the respective GEP *** comparative study of these models with multiple linear regression(MLR)depicted that the ANN and GEP models were superior to MLR models.

关键词： Artificial Neural Networks Evolutionary algorithms Gene Expression Programming Machine Learning Regression Analysis Reference evapotranspiration models

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Differences in changes of potential evaporation in the mountainous and oasis regions of the Tarim basin, northwest China

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2009年第8期52卷 1981-1989页

作者： HAN SongJun HU HePing YANG DaWen LIU QunChang department of irrigation and drainage China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower ResearchBeijing 100044China State Key Laboratory of Hydro-Science and Engineering Department of Hydraulic EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Data from eleven meteorological stations in the Tianshan mountains and the north slope of west Kunlun mountains, and eighteen meteorological stations in the Kaidu-Kongque river, Akesu river, Kashiger river and Yankant river oases were examined to assess the differences in changes in potential evaporation from 1960 to 2006 in the mountainous and oasis regions of the Tarim basin and the relationships of these changes to meteorological factors. The decreasing trends in potential evaporation were primarily due to the decrease in the aerodynamic terms in both the mountainous and oasis regions, but the trends in the oasis regions were more pronounced. Based on the complementary relationship between potential and actual evaporation, the decreasing trends in potential evaporation appeared to be related to the increasing trends in precipitation in the mountainous regions and the increasing trends in water consumption in the oasis regions, thus reflecting the different impacts of natural changes and anthropogenic influences.

关键词： potential evaporation Tarim basin climate change anthropogenic influence

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Effects of rates and time of zeolite application on controlling runoff generation and soil loss from a soil subjected to a freeze-thaw cycle

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2017年第2期5卷 95-101页

作者： Morteza Behzadfar Seyed Hamidreza Sadeghi Mohamad Javad Khanjani Zeinab Hazbavia Watershed Management department Faculty of Natural ResourcesTarbiat Modares UniversityIran department of irrigation and drainage Engineering Shahid Bahonar UniversityKermanIran

Many factors such as freeze-thaw(FT)cycle influence soil *** of soil amendments can play an important role on runoff time commencement(RT),volume(RV)and soil loss(SL)on soils subjected to FT ***,limited studies have been documented on this *** present study was therefore carried out under rainfall simulation circumstances to investigate the effect of different rates of zeolite ap-plication to control the effects of FT on basic hydrological variables such as runoff production and soil *** this attempt,the effect of application of different rates of 250,500 and 750 gm^(-2) of zeolite applied before,during and after the occurrence of FT cycle on RT,RV and SL was assessed in a completely randomized *** were set up in two categories ***(without zeolite application),and three rates and times of zeolite application in small 0.25 m-experimental plots in three *** results showed that application of zeolite had significant effects on hydrological behavior of soil induced by FT ***-plication rate of 750 gm^(-2) prior to FT cycle increased RT and reduced RV and SL at rates of 644%,68% and 91%,*** results also verified that zeolite could successfully mitigate the impacts of FT cycle on the main soil hydrological variables of soil profile induced by FT *** is accordingly recommended to employ zeolite as an effective amendment to control soil erosion in steep and degraded rangelands where surface soil is exposed to rainfall and runoff.

关键词： Soil amendment Erosion plot Rainfall simulation Sediment yield Soil frost

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Wetting Patterns and Nitrate Distributions in Layered-Textural Soils Under Drip irrigation

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2007年第8期6卷 970-980页

作者： LI Jiusheng JI Hong-yan LI Bei LIU Yu-chun department of irrigation and drainage China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research Beijing 100044 P.R.China

Laboratory experiments were conducted in different sequence and thickness of the soil layers to investigate the effects of layered-textural soils on wetting patterns and water and nitrate distributions from a surface point source under various combinations of application rate and applied volume. Three layered soils, including a sandy-over-sandy loam （SL）, a sandy loam-over-sandy （LS）, and a sandy loam-sandy-sandy loam （LSL）, and two uniform soils （a uniform sandy loam and a uniform sandy soil） were tested. In the experiments, the application rate was varied from 0.69 to 3.86 L h^-1 and the applied volume from 5.7 to 12.1 L. The experimental results demonstrated that the wetting patterns and water and nitrate distributions were greatly affected by the sequence and thickness of soil layers as well as the application rate and volume applied. An interface existing in the layered soils, whether a fine-over-coarse or a coarse-over-fine, had a common feature of limiting downward water movement and of increasing horizontal water movement. For the fine-over-coarse layered soils of LS and LSL, water and nitrate were uniformly distributed at a given depth in the top layer soil. For a coarse-over-fine layered soil of SL, however, water accumulated in the sublayer soil underneath the interface and a zone of lower nitrate concentration was observed. The effect of application rate on water distribution pattern was dependent upon soil layering. A minor influence of application rate on water distribution for the fine-over-coarse layered soils （LS and LSL） than for the uniform soils was found. To obtain a greater wetted depth through selecting the emitters having a smaller application rate, which is a common method in the system design for a uniform soil, may not be necessarily applied for the layered soils. Measurements of nitrate distribution showed that nitrate accumulated toward the boundary of the wetted volume for both the uniform and the layered soils. This suggests the import

关键词： drip irrigation fertigation layered-textural soil soil water nitrate

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Modeling Soil Water Retention Curve with a Fractal Method

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Pedosphere 2006年第2期16卷 137-146页

作者： HUANG Guan-Hua ZHANG Ren-Duo HUANG Quan-Zhong department of irrigation and drainage Chinese-Israeli International Center for Research and Training in Agriculture China Agricultural University Beijing 100083 （China）. department of Renewable Resources University of Wyoming Laramie WY 82071-3354 （USA）

Many empirical models have been developed to describe the soil water retention curve (SWRC). In this study, a fractal model for SWRC was derived with a specially constructed Menger sponge to describe the fractal scaling behavior of soil; relationships were established among the fractal dimension of SWRC, the fractal dimension of soil mass, and soil texture; and the model was used to estimate SWRC with the estimated results being compared to experimental data for verification. The derived fractal model was in a power-law form, similar to the Brooks-Corey and Campbell empirical functions. Experimental data of particle size distribution (PSD), texture, and soil water retention for 10 soils collected at different places in China were used to estimate the fractal dimension of SWRC and the mass fractal dimension. The fractal dimension of SWRC and the mass fractal dimension were linearly related. Also, both of the fractal dimensions were dependent on soil texture, i.e., clay and sand contents. Expressions were proposed to quantify the relationships. Based on the relationships, four methods were used to determine the fractal dimension of SWRC and the model was applied to estimate soil water content at a wide range of tension values. The estimated results compared well with the measured data having relative errors less than 10% for over 60% of the measurements. Thus, this model, estimating the fractal dimension using soil textural data, offered an alternative for predicting SWRC.

关键词： fractal dimension soil texture soil water retention curve

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Estimating Water Retention with Pedotransfer Functions Using Multi-Objective Group Method of Data Handling and ANNs

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Pedosphere 2011年第1期21卷 107-114页

作者： H.BAYAT M.R.NEYSHABOURI K.MOHAMMADI N.NARIMAN-ZADEH department of Soil Science Faculty of AgricultureBu Ali Sina University department of Soil Science Faculty of AgricultureTabriz University department of irrigation and drainage Engineering Tarbiat Modares University department of Mechanical Engineering Engineering FacultyGuilan University

Pedotransfer functions （PTFs） have been developed to estimate soil water retention curves （SWRC） by various techniques. In this study PTFs were developed to estimate the parameters （θs, θr, α and λ） of the Brooks and Corey model from a data set of 148 samples. Particle and aggregate size distribution fractal parameters （PSDFPs and ASDFPs, respectively） were computed from three fractal models for either particle or aggregate size distribution. The most effective model in each group was determined by sensitivity analysis. Along with the other variables, the selected fractal parameters were employed to estimate SWRC using multi-objective group method of data handling （mGMDH） and different topologies of artificial neural networks （ANNs）. The architecture of ANNs for parametric PTFs was different regarding the type of ANN, output layer transfer functions and the number of hidden neurons. Each parameter was estimated using four PTFs by the hierarchical entering of input variables in the PTFs. The inclusion of PSDFPs in the list of inputs improved the accuracy and reliability of parametric PTFs with the exception of ~s- The textural fraction variables in PTF1 for the estimation of a were replaced with PSDFPs in PTF3. The use of ASDFPs as inputs significantly improved a estimates in the model. This result highlights the importance of ASDFPs in developing parametric PTFs. The mCMDH technique performed significantly better than ANNs in most PTFs.

关键词： aggregate size distribution fraetal parameters particle size distribution

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