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The Probability Density Function Related to Shallow Cumulus Entrainment Rate and Its Influencing Factors in a Large-Eddy Simulation

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第1期41卷 173-187页

作者： Lei ZHU Chunsong LU Xiaoqi XU Xin HE Junjun LI Shi LUO Yuan WANG Fan WANG Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters(CIC-FEMD)and Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Nanjing Joint Institute for Atmospheric Sciences Nanjing 210019China college of Aviation Meteorology Civil Aviation Flight University of ChinaGuanghan 618307China Collaborative Innovation Center for western Ecological Safety Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China department of Geography Hong Kong Baptist UniversityHong Kong SAR 999077China

The process of entrainment-mixing between cumulus clouds and the ambient air is important for the development of cumulus *** obtaining the entrainment rate(λ)is particularly important for its parameterization within the overall cumulus parameterization *** this study,an improved bulk-plume method is proposed by solving the equations of two conserved variables simultaneously to calculateλof cumulus clouds in a large-eddy *** results demonstrate that the improved bulk-plume method is more reliable than the traditional bulk-plume method,becauseλ,as calculated from the improved method,falls within the range ofλvalues obtained from the traditional method using different conserved *** probability density functions ofλfor all data,different times,and different heights can be well-fitted by a log-normal distribution,which supports the assumed stochastic entrainment process in previous *** analysis demonstrate that the relationship betweenλand the vertical velocity is better than other thermodynamic/dynamical properties;thus,the vertical velocity is recommended as the primary influencing factor for the parameterization ofλin the *** results of this study enhance the theoretical understanding ofλand its influencing factors and shed new light on the development ofλparameterization.

关键词： large-eddy simulation cumulus clouds entrainment rate probability density functions spatial and temporal distribution

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Species Account of Anura ns from the western Slope of Mt. Kita nglad, Mindanao Island, Philippines

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Asian Herpetological Research 2021年第1期12卷 76-87页

作者： Elsa May Delima BARON Mark Oliver D.MARIN Benjo A.LOGRAMONTE Alma B.MOHAGAN Biology Natural Sciencesand Math Division.Arts and Sciences DepartmentSan Pedro CollegeDavao City 8000MindanaoPhilippines Biology department College of Arts and SciencesCentral Mindanao UniversityMusuanBukidnon 8714MindanaoPhilipines

The Mt. Kitanglad Range is one of the country’s important key biodiversity sites;however, information about anuran diversity in this protected area remains depauperate. Herein we provided accounts of anuran species from high-elevation forests, in three sites of the western slope of Mt. Kitanglad range. The combined belt-transect sampling and microha bitat searches accounted for 13 species representing five families. The most represented family was Rhacophoridae with five representative species of the genus Philautus. Twelve out of the 13 species documented in the current survey are endemic. Four previously unaccounted species(Pelophr yne brevipes, Pulchrana grandocula, Sanguirana mearnsi, and Philautus surrufus) were added and brought the total anurans known from Mt. Kitanglad to 26 species. Most of the species were also recorded in forested sites, suggestive of their lesser affinity to non-forested ecosystems. The additional species detected during our survey may also imply that full understanding of anuran diversity of Mt. Kitanglad remains far from complete.

关键词： key biodiversity area Mindanao faunal region Philippine endemic anurans upper elevation forests wildlife inventory in Mindanao

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Anti-inflammatory mechanism of rhein in treating asthma based on network pharmacology

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2022年第2期42卷 296-303页

作者： FENG Junfang CHEN Ou WANG Yibiao department of Pediatrics the Second HospitalCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinan 250033China School of Nursing Cheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinan 250012China

OBJECTIVE:To predict the anti-inflammatory targets and related pathways of rhein in the treatment of asthma by using network pharmacology,and to further explore its potential mechanism in ***:The corresponding targets of rhein were obtained from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP),and the rhein-target network was constructed with Cytoscape 3.7.1 *** Genbank and Drugbank databases were used to collect and screen asthma targets,and the rhein-target-disease interaction network was constructed.A target protein-protein interaction(PPI)network was constructed using the STRING database to screen key ***,Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)enrichment analysis was used to identify biological processes and signaling *** anti-asthmatic effects of rhein were tested in vitro,and the expression levels of proteins in the mitogen-activated protein kinase/nuclear factor kappa-B(MAPK/NF-κB)signaling pathway were assessed by western blot ***:Altogether,83 targets of rhein were screened in the relevant databases,989 targets of asthma were obtained in the National Center for Biotechnology information(NCBI)GENE *** network analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis predicted that rhein could regulate the epidermal active growth factor receptor(EGFR),mitogen-activated protein kinase 14(MAPK14),tumour necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A(TNFRSF1A),receptor tyrosineprotein kinase erb B-2(ERBB2),and other signaling ***,we selected the MAPK signaling pathway to determine the anti-inflammatory effects of ***,further in vitro experiments demonstrated that rhein was shown to inhibit HBE cells ***:The anti-inflammatory mechanism of rhein in the treatment of asthma may be related to EGFR,MAPK14,TNFRSF1A and ERBB2 as well as their signaling *** prevent the exacerbation of asthma,instead of targeting a

关键词： asthma rhein anti-inflammatory agents pharmacology drug development

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Evaluation of ERA-Interim Monthly Temperature Data over the Tibetan Plateau

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Journal of Mountain Science 2014年第5期11卷 1154-1168页

作者： GAO Lu HAO Lu CHEN Xing-wei college of Geographical Sciences Fujian Normal University Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center for Monitoring and Assessing Terrestrial Disasters Research Center for National Geographical Condition Monitoring and Emergency Support in the Economic Zone on the West Side of the Taiwan Strait college of Applied Meteorology Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology

In this study, surface air temperature from 75 meteorological stations above 3000 m on the Tibetan Plateau are applied for evaluation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF) third-generation reanalysis product ERA-Interim in the period of 1979-2010. High correlations ranging from 0.973 to 0.999 indicate that ERA-Interim could capture the annual cycle very well. However, an average root-meansquare error(rmse) of 3.7°C for all stations reveals that ERA-Interim could not be applied directly for the individual sites. The biases can be mainly attributed to the altitude differences between ERA-Interim grid points and stations. An elevation correction method based on monthly lapse rates is limited to reduce the bias for all stations. Generally, ERA-Interim captured the Plateau-Wide annual and seasonal climatologies very well. The spatial variance is highly related to the topographic features of the TP. The temperature increases significantly(10°C- 15°C) from the western to the eastern Tibetan Plateau for all seasons, in particular during winter and summer. A significant warming trend(0.49°C/decade) is found over the entire Tibetan Plateau using station time series from 1979-2010. ERA-Interim captures the annual warming trend with an increase rate of 0.33°C /decade very well. The observation data and ERA-Interim data both showed the largest warming trends in winter with values of 0.67°C/decade and 0.41°C/decade, respectively. We conclude that in general ERA-Interim captures the temperature trends very well and ERA-Interim is reliable for climate change investigation over the Tibetan Plateau under the premise of cautious interpretation.

关键词： Reanalysis Air temperature Warming trend Tibetan Plateau

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Data Mining and Systems Pharmacology to Elucidate Effectiveness and Mechanisms of Chinese Medicine in Treating Primary Liver Cancer

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2022年第7期28卷 636-643页

作者： ZHANG Zhen LI Jun-wei ZENG Pu-hua GAO Wen-hui TIAN Xue-fei department of Internal Medicine College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine of Hunan University of Chinese MedicineChangsha 410208China Hunan Key Laboratory of TCM Prescription and Syndromes Translational Medicine Hunan University of Chinese MedicineChangsha 410208China department of Pharmacy Shenzhen People's Hospital(the Second Clinical Medical CollegeJinan Universitythe First Affiliated HospitalSouthern University of Science and Technology)Shenzhen 518020Guangdong ProvinceChina the First Affiliated Hospital Southern University of Science and Technology)5.Department of OncologyAffiliated Hospital of Hunan Academy of Traditional Chinese MedicineChangsha 410006China

Objective: To identify specific Chinese medicines(CM) that may benefit patients with primary liver cancer(PLC), and to explore the mechanism of action of these medicines. Methods: In this retrospective, singlecenter study, prescription information from PLC patients was used in combination with Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Supports System to identify the specific core drugs. A system pharmacology approach was employed to explore the mechanism of action of these medicines. Results: Taking CM more than 6 months was significantly associated with improved survival outcomes. In total, 77 putative targets and 116 bioactive ingredients of the core drugs were identified and included in the analysis(P<0.05). A total of 1,036 gene ontology terms were found to be enriched in PLC. A total of 75 pathways identified from Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes were also enriched in this disease, including fluid shear stress, interleukin-17 signaling, signaling between advanced glycan end products and their receptors, cellular senescence, tumor necrosis factor signaling, p53 signaling, cell cycle signaling,steroid hormone biosynthesis, T-helper 17 cell differentiation, and metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome. Docking studies suggested that the ingredients in the core drugs exert therapeutic effects in PLC by modulating c-Jun and interleukin-6. Conclusions: Receiving CM for 6 months or more improves survival for the patients with PLC. The core drugs that really benefit for PLC patients likely regulates the tumor microenvironment and tumor itself.

关键词： Chinese medicine primary liver cancer system pharmacology bioinformatics tumor microenvironment

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Role of Organic Amendments to Mitigate Cd Toxicity and Its Assimilation in Triticum aestivum L.

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2022年第11期91卷 2491-2504页

作者： Tauqeer Ahmad Yasir Sobia Aslam Muhammad Shahid Rizwan Allah Wasaya Muhammad Ateeq Muhammad Naeem Khan Sikander Khan Tanveer Walid Soufan Basharat Ali Allah Ditta Arpna Kumari Ayman EL Sabagh college of Agriculture Bahauddin Zakariya UniversityBahadur Sub-Campus Layyah31200Pakistan Cholistan Institute of Desert Studies The Islamia University of BahawalpurBahawalpur63100Pakistan Directorate General Soil Survey of Punjab Agriculture DepartmentLahore54780Pakistan National Agricultural Research Centre Islamabad44000Pakistan Plant Production department College of Food and Agriculture SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11451Saudi Arabia department of Agricultural Engineering Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information TechnologyRahim Yar Khan64200Pakistan School of Biological Sciences The University of Western AustraliaPerthWA 6009Australia department of Environmental Sciences Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University SheringalDir(U)Khyber Pakhtunkhwa18000Pakistan Academy of Biology and Biotechnology Southern Federal UniversityRostov-on-Don344006Russia department of Agronomy Faculty of AgricultureKafrelsheikh UniversityKafr El Sheikh33511Egypt

In soil biota,higher and enduring concentration of heavy metals like cadmium(Cd)is hazardous and associated with great loss in growth,yield,and quality parameters of most of the crop ***,in-situ applications of eco-friendly stabilizing agents in the form of organic modifications have been utilized to mitigate the adverse effects of *** controlled experiment was laid down to appraise the imprints of various applied organic amendments namely poultry manure(PM),farmyard manure(FYM),and sugarcane press mud(PS)to immobilize Cd in polluted ***,phytoavailability of Cd in wheat was also accessed under an alkaline *** revealed that the addition of FYM(5–10 ton ha^(-1))in Cd-contaminated soil significantly increased germination rate,leaf chlorophyll content,plant height,spike length,biological and grain yield amongst all applied organic ***,the addition of FYM(5–10 ton ha^(-1))also reduced the phytoavailability of Cd by 73–85%in the roots,57–83%in the shoots,and 81–90%in grains of wheat ***,it is affirmed that incorporation of FYM(5–10 ton ha^(-1))performed better to enhance wheat growth and yield by remediating ***,the application of FYM(5–10 ton ha^(-1))reduced the toxicity induced by Cd to plants by declining its uptake and translocation as compared to all other applied organic amendments to immobilize Cd under sandy alkaline polluted soil.

关键词： Cadmium toxicity mitigation chlorophyll attributes morphometry yield attributes cereal

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External validation of the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial and the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer risk calculators in a Chinese cohort

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2012年第5期14卷 738-744页

作者： Yao Zhu Jin-You Wang Yi-Jun Shen Bo Dai Chun-Guang Ma Wen-Jun Xiao Guo-Wen Lin Xu-Dong Yao Shi-Lin Zhang Ding-Wei Ye department of Urology Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center Shanghai 200032 China department of Oncology Shanghai Medical College Fudan University Shanghai 200032 China

Several prediction models have been developed to estimate the outcomes of prostate biopsies. Most of these tools were designed for use with western populations and have not been validated across different ethnic groups. Therefore, we evaluated the predictive value of the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial （PCPT） and the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer （ERSPC） risk calculators in a Chinese cohort. Clinicopathological information was obtained from 495 Chinese men who had undergone extended prostate biopsies between January 2009 and March 2011. The estimated probabilities of prostate cancer and high-grade disease （Gleason 〉6） were calculated using the PCPT and ERSPC risk calculators. Overall measures, discrimination, calibration and clinical usefulness were assessed for the model evaluation. Of these patients, 28.7% were diagnosed with prostate cancer and 19.4% had high-grade disease. Compared to the PCPT model and the prostate-specific antigen （PSA） threshold of 4 ng m1-1, the ERSPC risk calculator exhibited better discriminative ability for predicting positive biopsies and high-grade disease （the area under the curve was 0.831 and 0.852, respectively, P〈O.01 for both）. Decision curve analysis also suggested the favourable clinical utility of the ERSPC calculator in the validation dataset. Both prediction models demonstrated miscalibration： the risk of prostate cancer and high-grade disease was overestimated by approximately 20% for a wide range of predicted probabilities. In conclusion, the ERSPC risk calculator outperformed both the PCPT model and the PSA threshold of 4 ng ml- z in predicting prostate cancer and high-grade disease in Chinese patients. However, the prediction tools derived from western men significantly overestimated the probability of prostate cancer and high-grade disease compared to the outcomes of biopsies in a Chinese cohort.

关键词： European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC) predictive value of tests prostate cancer prostate-specific antigen (PSA) Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial (PCPT)

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Vegetation Change Prediction with Geo-information Techniques in the Three Gorges Area of China

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Pedosphere 2006年第4期16卷 457-467页

作者： M. T. JABBAR SHI Zhi-Hua WANG Tian-Wei CAI Chong-Fa Huazhong Agriculture University Wuhan 430070 （China）. department-of Soil and Water College of Agriculture University of Basrah （Iraq）

A computerized parametric methodology was applied to monitor, map, and estimate vegetation change in combination with '3S' (RS-remote sensing, GIS-geographic information systems, and GPS-global positioning system) technology and change detection techniques at a 1:50000 mapping scale in the Letianxi Watershed of western Hubei Province, China. Satellite images (Landsat TM 1997 and Landsat ETM 2002) and thematic maps were used to provide comprehensive views of surface conditions such as vegetation cover and land use change. With ER Mapper and ERDAS software, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was computed and then classified into six vegetation density classes. ARC/INFO and ArcView software were used along with field observation data by GPS for analysis. Results obtained using spatial analysis methods showed that NDVI was a valuable first cut indicator for vegetation and land use systems. A regression analysis revealed that NDVI explained 94.5% of the variations for vegetation cover in the largest vegetation area, indicating that the relationship between vegetation and NDVI was not a simple linear process. Vegetation cover increased in four of areas. This meant 60.9% of land area had very slight to slight vegetation change, while 39.1% had moderate to severe vegetation change. Thus, the study area, in general, was exposed to a high risk of vegetation cover change.

关键词： geo-information techniques vegetation change vegetation indices

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Lagrangian eddies in the Northwestern Pacifi c Ocean

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2022年第1期40卷 66-77页

作者： Qiu HE Fenglin TIAN Xiaokun YANG Ge CHEN department of Marine Technology College of Information Science and EngineeringOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)Qingdao 266237China Key Laboratory of Urban Land Resources Monitoring and Simulation Ministry of Natural ResourcesShenzhen 518034China

The Lagrangian eddies in the western Pacifi c Ocean are identifi ed and analysed based on Maps of Sea Level Anomaly(MSLA)data from 1998 to *** calculating the Lagrangian eddy advected by the AVISO velocity fi eld,we analyzed the variations in Lagrangian eddies and the average transport eff ects on diff erent time *** introducing the Niño coeffi cient,the lag response of the Lagrangian eddy to El Niño is *** data are helpful to further explore the role of mesoscale eddies in ocean energy *** normalized chlorophyll data,we observed chlorophyll aggregation and hole eff ects caused by Lagrangian *** fi ndings demonstrate the important role of Lagrangian eddies in material *** transportation volume of the Lagrangian eddy is calculated quantitatively,and several major transport routes have been identifi ed,which helps us to more accurately and objectively estimate the transport capacity of Lagrangian eddies in the western Pacifi c Ocean.

关键词： Lagrangian coherent structure(LCS) mesoscale eddy distribution character material transport

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Gene flow among wild and cultivated common walnut(Juglans regia)trees in the Qinling Mountains revealed by microsatellite markers

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Journal of Forestry Research 2021年第5期32卷 2189-2201页

作者： Huijuan Zhou Peng Zhao Keith Woeste Shuoxin Zhang college of Forestry Northwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxi 712100People’s Republic of China Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in western China Ministry of EducationCollege of Life SciencesNorthwest UniversityXi’anShaanxi 710069People’s Republic of China USDA Forest Service Hardwood Tree Improvement and Regeneration Center(HTIRC) Department of Forestry and Natural ResourcesPurdue University715 West State StreetWest LafayetteIN 47907USA

Patterns of gene flow and gene introgres sion can be used to assess the risk of genetic pollution of wild forest trees from widespread cultivated trees.A comprehensive understanding of the genetic relationships and levels of gene flow among wild and cultivated common walnut(Juglans regia)has become an urgent *** twelve microsatellite markers,we investigated the genetic diversity and gene flow between cultivated and wild trees of *** in the Qinling Mountains,China.A high level of genetic variation was detected in both cultivated and wild *** mean number of alleles per locus was *** heterozygosity(HO)and expected heterozygosity(HE)were 0.777 and 0.800,*** of mother trees was not by nearest neighbors,and a paternity of 60.7%of offspring evaluated could not be assigned to a local,sampled *** flow from cultivated trees to wild trees was infrequent(5.4%),and selfing rates ranged from zero to 25.0%.Male parents were located from 0 to 1005 m from their female partners,with an average pollination distance of 285.1 *** results are discussed in light of the cultivated species’diversity,outlining the frequent spontaneous genetic contributions from the wild to the cultivated *** addition,the pollen flow parameters provide useful information about the dynamics of pollen movement within *** populations.

关键词： Genetic diversity Juglans regia Mating patterns Microsatellites Pollen flow

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