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Optimal Timing of Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation in Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome-Associated Toxoplasmic Encephalitis:A Prospective Observational Multicenter Study in China

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infectious diseases & Immunity 2024年第1期4卷 4-9页

作者： Yao Li Haidong Jiang Yanming Zeng Yanqiu Lu Siyuan Chen Yulin Zhang Zhongsheng Jiang Tongtong Yang Shuiqing Liu Yaokai Chen department of infectious diseases Chongqing Public Health Medical CenterChongqing 400036China Center for infectious diseases Beijing Youan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100069China department of infectious diseases Liuzhou People's HospitalLiuzhou 545006GuangxiChina department of infectious Disease The Public Health Clinical Center of ChengduChengdu 610066SichuanChina department of infectious Disease Guiyang Public Health Clinical CenterGuiyang 550004GuizhouChina

Background:Toxoplasmic encephalitis(TE)is the most frequent cause of expansive brain lesions among patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS).However,the optimal timing of antiretroviral therapy(ART)initiation in these patients remains *** study aims to investigate the differences in outcomes of ART initiation at different times,in order to help clarify the treatment timing of AIDS-associated ***:This multicenter prospective observational study included 87 patients recruited from 11 research centers in China(from March 2019 to December 2022).Of the patients,38 were assigned to the early ART group(initiating ART within 2 weeks after anti-Toxoplasma treatment initiation),and the remaining 49 patients received deferred ART(initiating ART at least 2 weeks after anti-Toxoplasma treatment initiation).The main outcomes includedmortality and emergence of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome(IRIS).Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-1 viral load and CD4^(+)T-cell counts at weeks 24 and 48 were ***:The number of deaths(1 vs.5,P=0.225)and incidence of IRIS(2.6%vs.0,P=0.437)were not significantly different between the early and deferred ART groups at week *** ART initiation did not contribute significantly to HIV-1 viral load control(<50 copies/mL,n=8 vs.n=3 at week 24,P=0.142;n=7 vs.n=7 atweek 48,P=1.000).The median CD4^(+)T-cell counts between the two groups were not significantly different,either at week 24(155 vs.91 cells/mm^(3),P=0.837)or atweek 48(181 vs.146 cells/mm^(3),P=0.219).Conclusion:In patients with AIDS-associated TE,early ART initiation was not significantly different from deferred ART initiation in terms of incidence of mortality,IRIS,and HIV virological and immunological *** registration:This study was registered(registration number:ChiCTR1900021195)as one of 12 clinical trials under the title of a general project at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry(***)on February 1,***

关键词： HIV Toxoplasma gondii Timing of antiretroviral therapy Virological outcome Immunological response

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Epidemic management in a measles outbreak in 2023,the return of vaccine-preventable diseases:A single center,retrospective observational study

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Asian Pacific Journal of tropical Medicine 2024年第3期17卷 110-118页

作者： Sevgi Aslan Tuncay Gulsen Akkoc Seyhan Yilmaz Burcu Parlak Pinar Canizci Erdemli Aylin Dizi Isik Didem Buyuktas Aytac Meryem Cagla Abaci Capar Eda Kepenekli Kadayifci Marmara University Faculty of Medicine Department of Pediatric Infectious DiseaseIstanbulTurkey

Objective:To investigate the importance of immunization in preventing measles infection and to determine the most useful laboratory tests for confirmation of ***:This study included pediatric cases evaluated with a presumed diagnosis of measles between December 2022 and June 2023,at Marmara University Pendik Training and Research *** effects of vaccination status and underlying disease on the clinical course,treatments,and complications were ***:In total,117 patients were enrolled in the study with a median age of 80 months(IQR:32.5-125.0).Twelve patients with contact history were asymptomatic and had an underlying disorder,and intravenous immunoglobulin was given to them for post-exposure ***-one patients had confirmed measles *** treatment was given to three patients(a newborn,a girl with rhabdomyosarcoma,and a healthy boy)with respiratory ***-eight percent of confirmed measles cases were unvaccinated,and all hospitalized cases were unvaccinated or *** full-vaccinated children had confirmed measles *** PCR from nasopharyngeal swabs was negative in all of them,and their diagnosis was established with anti-measles IgM ***:The measles vaccine is the most effective way to protect from measles and measles-related *** measles can also occur in fully vaccinated patients,the disease is milder than in unvaccinated *** ELISA and RT-PCR tests together may be beneficial in patients with high clinical suspicion for early diagnosis.

关键词： Measles Outbreak Vaccination Vitamin A Ribavirin

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Safety,immunogenicity and protective effect of sequential vaccination with inactivated and recombinant protein COVID-19 vaccine in the elderly:a prospective longitudinal study

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第6期9卷 2738-2747页

作者： Hong-Hong Liu Yunbo Xie Bao-Peng Yang Huan-Yue Wen Peng-Hui Yang Jin-E Lu Yan Liu Xi Chen Meng-Meng Qu Yang Zhang Wei-Guo Hong Yong-Gang Li Junliang Fu Fu-Sheng Wang Out-patient department of Day Diagnosis and Treatment The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing 100039China Senior department of infectious diseases The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalNational Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseasesBeijing 100039China Chinese PLA Medical School Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing 100039China Hunyuan County People’s Hospital Datong 037499 Shanxi ProvinceChina Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery Institute of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe First Medical CenterChinese PLA General HospitalBeijing 100853China

The safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines in the elderly,a high-risk group for severe COVID-19 infection,have not been fully *** clarify these issues,this prospective study followed up 157 elderly and 73 young participants for 16 months and compared the safety,immunogenicity,and efficacy of two doses of the inactivated vaccine BBIBP-CorV followed by a booster dose of the recombinant protein vaccine *** results showed that this vaccination protocol was safe and tolerable in the *** administering two doses of the BBIBP-CorV,the positivity rates and titers of neutralizing and anti-RBD antibodies in the elderly were significantly lower than those in the young *** the ZF2001 booster dose,the antibody-positive rates in the elderly were comparable to those in the young;however,the antibody titers remained ***,age,and underlying diseases were independently associated with vaccine immunogenicity in elderly *** pseudovirus neutralization assay showed that,compared with those after receiving two doses of BBIBP-CorV priming,some participants obtained immunological protection against BA.5 and BF.7 after receiving the ZF2001 *** infection symptoms last longer in the infected elderly and pre-infection antibody titers were negatively associated with the severity of post-infection *** antibody levels in the elderly increased significantly after breakthrough infection but were still lower than those in the *** data suggest that multiple booster vaccinations at short intervals to maintain high antibody levels may be an effective strategy for protecting the elderly against COVID-19.

关键词： vaccination vaccine doses

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Application of wastewater-based epidemiological monitoring of COVID-19 for disease surveillance in the city

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第8期18卷 81-87页

作者： Heng Chen Zhenhua Chen Liwen Hu Fengzhu Tang Dan Kuang Jiayi Han Yao Wang Xiao Zhang Yue Cheng Jiantong Meng Rong Lu Lan Zhang Chengdu Workstation for Emerging infectious Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesChengdu 610047China Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention Chengdu 610047China National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for infectious diseases Beijing 100050China National Institute of Environmental Health Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 100050China

Wastewater-based surveillance serves as a supplementary approach to clinical surveillance of COVID-19 during the *** study aimed to track the prevalence of the disease and the viral genetic variability through wastewater-based surveillance in the post-epidemic *** January to December 2023,samples were collected from the influent lines of two wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs),concentrated using PEG8000,and subjected to detection of the target genes ORF 1ab and N of SARS-CoV-2 via reverse transcriptional quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR).For next-generation sequencing(NGS),high-quality samples from both wastewater and clinical patients were *** analysis were performed using R software to evaluate the correlation between the SARSCoV-2 RNA concentrations in wastewater and positive rate of reported cases,indicating a positive *** diversity patterns of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater resembled those in the patient source based on Principal Coordinates Analysis(PCoA)with three clusters for different *** rise of RNA concentration in wastewater indicates the growth of cases and the emergence of new variants,serving as an early warning of potential viral mutations,disease outbreaks even possible ***,the genomic surveillance of wastewater could help identify new variants that may not be captured through population monitoring,especially when sample sizes are ***,surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in municipal wastewater has emerged as a reliable,earlywarning monitoring system for COVID-19 in the post-epidemic era.

关键词： Wastewater-based epidemiology Monitoring COVID-19 Post-epidemic era

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The History of Controlling and Treating infectious diseases in Ancient China

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Current Medical Science 2024年第1期44卷 64-70页

作者： Cui-ling LIU Tao ZHOU Liang-bin CHENG David FISHER Khrystyna PRONYUK Erkin MUSABAEV Yi-ping DANG Lei ZHAO department of infectious diseases Union HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430022China department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Huanggang Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineHubei University of Chinese MedicineHuanggang 438000China Clinical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hubei University of Chinese MedicineWuhan 430065China department of Liver diseases Hubei Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineWuhan 430061China department of Medical Biosciences Faculty of Natural SciencesUniversity of the Western CapeBellvilleCape Town 7535South Africa department of infectious diseases Bogomolets National Medical UniversityKyiv 02132Ukraine The Research Institute of Virology Ministry of HealthTashkent 100122Uzbekistan department of Vascular Surgery Union HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430022China

infectious diseases are the common enemies of *** the course of historical development,they persistently threaten human health and *** today,despite the developments in medical science,we cannot escape the fear and suffering caused by infectious *** in ancient or modern times,the source of infection,route of transmission,and a susceptible population are the three key conditions for the prevalence and spread of infectious *** factors closely related to these three conditions can affect the prevalence of infectious *** is one of the cradles of world *** ancient people accumulated a great deal of experience and lessons in the long struggle against infectious *** the face of the current threat posed by widespread infectious disease,it is imperative to review and summarize ancient Chinese ideas and health policies on epidemic prevention and control to inspire contemporary efforts in the prevention and control of infectious *** combination of prevention-oriented epidemic prevention ideology and traditional medicine provides valuable insights,especially for impoverished and medically underserved regions.

关键词： infectious diseases Chinese medicine public health historical review

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Relationship between Phenotypic Changes of Dendritic Cell Subsets and the Onset of Plateau Phase during Intermittent Interferon Therapy in Patients with CHB

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2024年第3期37卷 303-314页

作者： YANG Liu WANG Shi Yu JIANG Ting Ting DENG Wen CHANG Min WU Shu Ling CAO Wei Hua LU Yao SHEN Ge LIU Ru Yu GAO Yuan Jiao XU Meng Jiao HU Lei Ping ZHANG Lu XIE Yao LI Ming Hui department of Hepatology Division 2 Beijing Ditan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100015China Center for infectious diseases Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical UniversityXi'an 710038ShaanxiChina department of Hepatology Division 2 Peking University Ditan Teaching HospitalBeijing 100015China

Objective This study aimed to evaluate whether the onset of the plateau phase of slow hepatitis B surface antigen decline in patients with chronic hepatitis B treated with intermittent interferon therapy is related to the frequency of dendritic cell subsets and expression of the costimulatory molecules CD40,CD80,CD83,and *** This was a cross-sectional study in which patients were divided into a natural history group(namely NH group),a long-term oral nucleoside analogs treatment group(namely NA group),and a plateau-arriving group(namely P group).The percentage of plasmacytoid dendritic cell and myeloid dendritic cell subsets in peripheral blood lymphocytes and monocytes and the mean fluorescence intensity of their surface costimulatory molecules were detected using a flow *** In total,143 patients were enrolled(NH group,n=49;NA group,n=47;P group,n=47).The results demonstrated that CD141/CD1c double negative myeloid dendritic cell(DNmDC)/lymphocytes and monocytes(%)in P group(0.041[0.024,0.069])was significantly lower than that in NH group(0.270[0.135,0.407])and NA group(0.273[0.150,0.443]),and CD86 mean fluorescence intensity of DNmDCs in P group(1832.0[1484.0,2793.0])was significantly lower than that in NH group(4316.0[2958.0,5169.0])and NA group(3299.0[2534.0,4371.0]),Adjusted P all<*** Reduced DNmDCs and impaired maturation may be associated with the onset of the plateau phase during intermittent interferon therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B.

关键词： CHB Dendritic Cells Intermittent Interferon Therapy Plateau Phase

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Rocahepevirus ratti: An underrecognised cause of acute hepatitis

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第8期16卷 1084-1090页

作者： George S Gherlan department of infectious diseases “Carol Davila”University of Medicine and PharmacyBucharest 050474Romania

Zoonoses are responsible for many of all emerging infectious diseases as well as for those already *** ratti is a rat-originated virus related to the hepatitis E virus(Paslahepevirus balayani)but highly divergent genetically from this,with a high cross-species infection potential and zoonotic *** can infect humans,leading to acute hepatitis,and is primarily transmitted through the consumption of contaminated *** ratti was first discovered in Germany in *** first human case was described in 2017 in Hong Kong in an immune-compromised *** first case of chronic infection with Rocahep-evirus ratti was described in 2023.A meta-analysis based on 38 studies published between 2000 and 2023 identified 21 cases in humans described up to this date and 489 infections in different *** awareness regarding this virus is essential,as there are probably many cases that remain undiagnosed,and the virus even has the ability to produce chronic infections in selected patients.

关键词： Hepatitis Rocahepevirus ratti Rats Zoonoses Hepeviridae Liver

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Development of innovative tripartite partnership for China’s engagement in global health: recommendations from China-Tanzania Cooperation Project on Malaria Control

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贫困所致传染病(英文) 2024年第2期13卷 1-3页

作者： Ma Xuejiao Lu Shenning Ding Wei Deng Shanying Wang Duoquan Xiao Ning Mlacha Yeromin Husain Lewis Zhou Xiaonong National Institute of Parasitic diseases Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research) NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases National Center for International Research On Tropical Diseases Shanghai China University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China School of Global Health Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China Ifakara Health Institute Dar-es-Salaam Tanzania Institute of Development Studies Brighton UK

Tripartite partnership, compared with the bilateral model, is envisioned as an opportunity to foster stronger and more trusting partnerships [1]. However, China has historically been characterized as principally reliant on bilateral engagement in global health [2]. The China-Tanzania Cooperation Project on Malaria Control was conducted by National Institute of Parasitic diseases at China CDC and Chinese Center for tropical diseases Research, Ifakara Health Institute in Tanzania and funding agencies from 2015 to 2022, with an aim to explore the applicability of Chinese experience on malaria control to reduce malaria disease burden in the local context of Tanzania. In the tripartite project funded by the former UK department for International Development (DFID) and later the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF), China's partners were expected to share the extensively parallel practices achieved from the control and elimination of malaria for over 70 years, UK's partners were to deliver resources and design global health strategies, while Tanzanian local staff collaborated with triangular partners to ensure the project implementation [3]. In the project, the trilateral cooperation has transparent management mechanism to ensure the concrete management and implementation of the project [4] (Additional file 1: Figure S1). This Brief is to provide recommendations for China's engagement in global health by distilling the experience from the innovative tripartite partnership of the project.

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Changes in the etiology of liver cirrhosis and the corresponding management strategies

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第2期16卷 146-151页

作者： Jin-Jin Dai Yue-Ying Liu Zhen-Hua Zhang department of infectious diseases Suzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversitySuzhou 234000Anhui ProvinceChina department of infectious diseases The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230601Anhui ProvinceChina

We read with interest the article by Xing Wang,which was published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Hepatology 2023;15:*** article focuses particularly on the prevalence and trends in the etiology of liver cirrhosis(LC),prognosis for patients suffering from cirrhosis-related complications and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),and management *** etiology of cirrhosis varies according to geographical,economic,and population *** hepatitis is the dominant cause in *** and effective treatment have reduced the number of people with viral hepatitis,but the overall number is still *** with viral hepatitis who progress over time to LC and HCC remain an important population to *** increased incidence of metabolic syndrome and alcohol consumption is likely to lead to a potential exponential increase in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)-associated LC and alcoholic liver disease in the *** the evolution of the etiology of LC is important for guiding the direction of future research and policy *** changing trends indicate a need for greater emphasis on tackling obesity and diabetes,and implementing more effective measures to regulate alcohol consumption in order to reduce the occurrence of *** an effort to help cope with these changing trends,the authors further proposed countermeasures for healthcare authorities doctors,and patients.

关键词： Liver cirrhosis Etiology Viral hepatitis Alcoholic liver disease Hepatocellular carcinoma Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease

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Jun12682,a potent SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease inhibitor with exceptional antiviral efficacy in mice

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第9期14卷 4189-4192页

作者： Mianling Yang Meehyein Kim Peng Zhan department of Medicinal Chemistry Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology(Ministry of Education)School of Pharmaceutical SciencesShandong UniversityJi’nan 250012China infectious diseases Therapeutic Research Center Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology(KRICT)Daejeon 34114Republic of Korea

Recently,a collaborative research study published in Science,led by Jun Wang,Xufang Deng,Eddy Arnold,and Francesc Xavier Ruiz1,identified a series of potent small molecule inhibitors that specifically target SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease(PLpro).The study demonstrated nanomolar PLpro inhibitory potency with Ki values ranging from 13.2 to 88.2 nmol/*** employing a structure-based drug design strategy,the researchers discovered an exceptionally promising compound,named Jun12682,that effectively targets both the newly discovered ubiquitin Val70(Val70Ub)-binding site and the known blocking loop(BL2)groove near the S4 subsite of ***,studies on the mechanism of action revealed that Jun12682 inhibits the deubiquitinating and deISGylating activities of PLpro,which are crucial for antagonizing the host’s innate immune response upon viral *** biology studies confirmed the“two-pronged”binding mode of Jun12682,aligning perfectly with their drug design ***,Jun12682 exhibited potent antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants,including nirmatrelvir-resistant mutants,in Caco-2 cells(EC50:0.44e2.02 mmol/L).It is noteworthy that its oral administration significantly improved survival rates and alleviated both lung virus loads and histopathological lesions in a lethal SARS-CoV-2 mouse *** conclusion。

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 Papain-like protease Broad-spectrum Anti-drug resistance Drug candidate

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