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Advances in genotypic antimicrobialresistance testing: a comprehensive review

Science China Life Sciences 2025年第1期68卷 130-143页

作者： Boheng Duan Xianjun Zeng Junping Peng Huan Kui College of Nanchang University department of Imaging The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens National Institute of Pathogen BiologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Key Laboratory of Pathogen infection prevention and Control (Ministry of Education) State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and MultimorbidityNational Institute of Pathogen BiologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College

Antimicrobial resistance(AMR) represents a substantial threat to global public health, complicating the treatment of common infections and leading to prolonged illness and escalated healthcare expenses. To effectively combat AMR, timely and accurate detection is crucial for AMR surveillance and individual-based therapy. Phenotypic antibiotic resistance testing(AST) has long been considered the gold standard in clinical applications, serving as the foundation for clinical AMR diagnosis and optimized therapy. It has significantly contributed to ensuring patients′ health and the development of novel antimicrobials. Despite advancements in automated culture-based AST technologies,inherent limitations impede the widespread use of phenotypic AST in AMR surveillance. Genotypic AST technologies offer a promising alternative option, exhibiting advantages of rapidity, high sensitivity, and specificity. With the continuous advancement and expanding applications of genotypic AST technologies, such as microfluidics, mass spectrometry, and high-resolution melting curve analysis, new vigor has been injected into the development and clinical implementation of genotypic AST technologies. In this narrative review, we discuss the principles, applications, and advancements of emerging genotypic AST methods in clinical settings. The comprehensive review aims to highlight the significant scientific potential of emerging genotypic AST technologies in clinical AMR diagnosis, providing insights to enhance existing methods and explore novel approaches.

关键词： antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genotypic antibiotic resistance testing (AST) AST technologies review

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Tuberculosis infection Control Project Management Experience and Its Application in COVID-19 Response

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China CDC weekly 2020年第34期2卷 666-668页

作者： Qingyun Sun Xiaofeng Yan Cheng Chen Xuemei Jiang Jun Cheng department of Nosocomial infection Control and prevention Chong Qing Public Health Medical CenterChong QingChina National Center for Tuberculosis Control and prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina

The outbreak of COVID-19 resulted in many infections,including patients in health care settings(1).Although the main mode of transmission of COVID-19 is by droplets,both tuberculosis(TB)and COVID-19 are respiratory infections that can be spread by airborne ***,a set of systematic and comprehensive nosocomial infection control policies is necessary to control infectious sources,block transmission,and protect people at risk in health care settings.

关键词： respiratory tuberculosis infection

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Long-term efficacy of infliximab maintenance therapy for perianal Crohn’s disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第9期17卷 1174-1179页

作者： Motoi Uchino Hiroki Ikeuchi Toshihiro Bando Hiroki Matsuoka Yoshio Takesue Yoshiko Takahashi Takayuki Matsumoto Naohiro Tomita departments of Lower Gastroenterological Surgery Hyogo College of Medicine infection Control and prevention Hyogo College of Medicine department of Internal Medicine Division of Lower GastroenterologyHyogo College of Medicine

AIM:To assess the long-term efficacy of seton drainage with infliximab maintenance therapy in treatment of stricture for perianal Crohn’s disease(CD). METHODS:Sixty-two patients with perianal CD who required surgical treatment with or without infliximab between September 2000 and April 2010 were identified from our clinic’s *** activities of the perianal lesions were evaluated using the modified perianal CD activity index(mPDAI)*** primary endpoint was a clinical response at 12-15 wk after surgery as a shortterm *** endpoints were recurrence as reflected in the mPDAI score,defined as increased points in every major *** clinical responses were classified as completely healed(mPDAI=0),partially improved(mPDAI score decreased more than 4 points),and failure or recurrence(mPDAI score increased or decreased less than 3 points). RESULTS:There were 43 males and 19 females,of whom 26 were consecutively treated with infliximab after surgery as maintenance *** healing was not *** was seen in 10/36(27.8%) patients without infliximab and 4/26(15.4%)patients with infliximab(P=0.25).Partial improvement was seen in 26/36(72.2%)patients without infliximab and 22/26(88.5%)patients with infliximab(P=0.25). Short-term improvement was achieved in 48/62(77.4%) *** the mPDAI score improved significantly with surgery regardless of infliximab,it decreased more from baseline in patients with infliximab(50.0%) than in those without infliximab(28.6%),(P=0.003). In the long-term,recurrence rates were low regardless of infliximab in patients without anorectal *** patients with anorectal stricture,cumulative recurrence incidences increased gradually and exceeded 40%at 5 years regardless of *** efficacy of infliximab treatment was found(P=0.97).Although the cumulative rate of ostomy creation was also low in patients without stricture and high in patients with stricture,no protective efficacy was found wit

关键词： Crohn’s disease Perianal fistula Infliximab Anorectal stricture Long-term efficacy

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Contribution of fungal biomass to persistent soil carbon across natural ecosystems

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Science China Earth Sciences 2025年

作者： Xiang WANG Guang-Hui YU Yakov KUZYAKOV Bo-Hao YIN Andreas KAPPLER Cong-Qiang LIU Bohai Coastal Critical Zone National Observation and Research Station Institute of Surface-Earth System Science School of Earth System Science Tianjin Key Laboratory of Earth Critical Zone Science and Sustainable Development in Bohai Rim Tianjin University department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems Department of Agricultural Soil Science University of G?ttingen Agro-Technological Institute Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University) Geomicrobiology Center for Applied Geosciences University of Tübingen Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124 Controlling Microbes to Fight Infection University of Tübingen

Fungi are known to be crucial in the formation and stabilization of soil organic matter through their exudates and dead residues (necromass). Yet, it remains unclear how fungi contribute to the persistence of carbon in soils over millennial scales across biomes. Here, this study fills the knowledge gap by linking fungal carbon stocks with minerals-associated carbon stocks across major biomes. A strong correlation between fungal biomass and reactive mineral-associated carbon stocks in soils across six biomes supports the substantial role of fungi in soil carbon persistence at the global level. High spatial resolution nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry revealed that fungi may stabilize carbon by forming organo-mineral associations through their close physical connection to reactive minerals and weathered nanoparticles. We propose a conceptual model that emphasizes the dualistic role of hypha-mineral interactions:(i) fungi accelerate organic matter decomposition by producing reactive oxygen species on the hypha-mineral interfaces, and (ii) fungi stabilize their residues on mineral surfaces, leading to millennial scale persistence of soil C. Concluding, fungi play a fundamental role in ecosystems that extends beyond the decomposition of persistent carbon. They are crucial in stabilizing carbon on mineral surfaces, thereby facilitating the long-term removal of carbon from rapid biotic cycling.

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First attempt to produce experimental Campylobacter concisus infection in mice

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第45期14卷 6954-6959页

作者： Rune Aabenhus Unne Stenram Leif Percival Andersen Henrik Permin sa Ljungh department of Clinical Microbiology National University Hospital (Rigshospitalet) department of Pathology University of Lund department of Infectious Control and prevention National University Hospital (Rigshospitalet) department of Internal Medicine Bispebjerg Hospital department of Medical Microbiology Dermatology and Infection Lund University

AIM： TO infect mice with atypical Campylobacter concisus （C. concisus） for the first time. METHODS： Three separate experiments were conducted in order to screen the ability of five clinical C. concisus isolates of intestinal origin and the ATCC 33237 type strain of oral origin to colonize and produce infection in immunocompetent BALB/cA mice. The majority of the BALB/cA mice were treated with cyclophosphamide prior to C. concisus inoculation to suppress immune functions. Inoculation of C. conc/sus was performed by the gastric route. RESULTS： C. concisus was isolated from the liver, ileum and jejunum of cyclophosphamide-treated mice in the first experiment. No C. concisus strains were isolated in the two subsequent experiments. Mice infected with C. concisus showed a significant loss of body weight from day two through to day five of infection but this decreased at the end of the first week. Histopathological examination did not consistently find signs of inflammation in the gut, but occasionally microabscesses were found in the liver of infected animals. CONCLUSION： Transient colonization with C. concisus was observed in mice with loss of body weight. Future studies should concentrate on the first few days after inoculation and in other strains of mice.

关键词： Animal model BALB/cA mice Campylobacter concisus Colonization infection

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Fulminant phlegmonitis of the esophagus, stomach,and duodenum due to Bacillus thuringiensis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第12期21卷 3741-3745页

作者： Hisatake Matsumoto Hiroshi Ogura Masafumi Seki Mitsuo Ohnishi Takeshi Shimazu department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Division of infection Control and prevention Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine

We report a case of phlegmonitis of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum in patient in an immunocompromised state. Culture of gastric juice and blood yielded Bacillus thuringiensis. This case showed that even low-viru... 详细信息

关键词： Phlegmonous gastritis Esophagus Duodenum Bacillus

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Eczema herpeticum vs dermatitis herpetiformis as a clue of dedicator of cytokinesis 8 deficiency diagnosis:A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第29期10卷 10735-10741页

作者： Amer Alshengeti department of Pediatrics College of MedicineTaibah UniversityDepartment of Infection prevention and controlPrince Mohammad Bin Abdulaziz HospitalNational Guard Health AffairsAl-Madinah 41491Saudi Arabia

BACKGROUND Dedicator of cytokinesis 8(DOCK 8) deficiency,also known as autosomal recessive hyper immunoglobulin E(IgE) syndrome,is a combined immunodeficiency disease that was first recognized in *** is caused by genetic alterations(mutations or deletions) in the DOCK 8 gene and is characterized by multiple allergies,elevated IgE levels,and susceptibility to viral and bacterial *** diagnosis is critical to optimize the success of stem cell *** SUMMARY This study reports the case of a pediatric patient with DOCK 8 deficiency who had negative genetic testing using multiplex primary immunodeficiency(PID) panel and whole-exome sequencing(WES) with a next-generation sequencing *** presented with chronic diarrhea and was managed as celiac disease based on previous negative workup for immunodeficiency and duodenal *** developed a generalized vesicular rash which was thought to be dermatitis herpetiformis associated with celiac ***,it turned out to be Eczema herpeticum based on positive herpes simplex virus from blood and *** diagnosis was re-evaluated after the child was found to have multiple viral,bacterial,and parasitic co-infections(herpes simplex virus,cytomegalovirus,Epstein-Barr virus,Salmonella,and cryptosporidiosis).Re-evaluation with target gene testing with copy number variation(CNV) analysis and Multiplex Ligation Probe Amplification(MLPA) showed a large homozygous deletion in the DOCK 8 gene,confirming the diagnosis of DOCK 8 *** Targeted gene testing with CNV analysis might detect deletions that can be missed by WES for diagnosing patients with PID.

关键词： Immunoglobulin E Whole-exome sequencing infections Dedicator of cytokinesis 8 Case report

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Role of Leptin in Immunity

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2007年第1期4卷 1-13页

作者： Queenie Lai Kwan Lam department of Pathology and Center of infection and Immunology The University of Hong Kong

Leptin, a protein hormone produced by the adipocytes, has long been recognized to regulate metabolism, neuroendorine and other physiological functions. Early findings of increased leptin production during infection and inflammation and dysregulated immune response in leptin signaling-deficient mice provide strong evidence for the involvement of leptin in the immune responses. Recent data have established the regulatory function for leptin in immunity similar to the function of a pro-inflammatory cytokine, while gene-targeting studies also demonstrated an essential role of leptin in regulating hematopoiesis and lymphopoiesis. Moreover, there has been increasing evidence that leptin is involved in the pathogenesis of various autoimmune diseases. This review discusses recent advances in understanding the role of leptin in immunity and leptin-signaling pathways involved in modulating immune homeostasis and autoimmune pathogenesis. Cellular ＆ Molecular Immunology. 2007;4（1）：1-13.

关键词： leptin leptin signaling pro-inflammatory cytokine immune response autoimmune disease

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The Current Status and Challenges Regarding Tuberculosis infection Control in Health Care Facilities in China

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2015年第11期28卷 848-854页

作者： ZHAO Fei CHENG Jun CHENG Shi Ming ZHANG Hui ZHAO Yan Lin ZHANG Can You HU Dong Mei FAN Hai Ying HUANG Fei QU Yan HE Guang Xue WANG Li Xia National Center for Tuberculosis Control and prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Science and Technology department Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention

Health care facilities are a high-risk environment for generating and spreading respiratory infectious diseases such as tuberculosis （TB）. The TB prevention and treatment staff in health care facilities are responsi... 详细信息

关键词： TB The Current Status and Challenges Regarding Tuberculosis infection Control in Health Care Facilities in China

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Correlation Analysis on Total Lymphocyte Count and CD4 Count in HIV-infected Patients: A Retrospective Evaluation

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Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Medical Sciences) 2011年第5期31卷 712-716页

作者：王宇明梁淑英于二曼郭金玲李自钊王哲杜玉开 Henan Provincial Medical Academy department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics College of Public Health Zhengzhou University Center for AIDS/STD Control and prevention Department of Health of Henan Province Institute for infection Disease Control and prevention Henan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention department of Maternal and Child Health Care and Adolescent Hygiene School of Public Health Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology

CD4 count is the standard method for determining eligibility for highly active antiretroviral therapy （HAART） and monitoring HIV/AIDS disease progression, but it is not widely available in resource-limited settings. This study examined the correlation between total lymphocyte count （TLC） and CD4 count of HIV-infected patients before and after HAART, and assessed the thresholds of TLC for making decisions about the initiation and for monitoring HAART. A retrospective study was performed, and 665 HIV-infected patients with TLC and CD4 count from four counties （Shangcai, Queshan, Shenqiu and Weishi） were included in the study. Pearson correlation and receiver operating characteristic （ROC） were used. TLC and CD4 count after HAART was significantly increased as compared with pre-HAART （P〈0.01）. An overall positive correlation was noted between TLC and CD4 count （pre-HAART, r=0.73, P=0.0001; follow-up HAART, r=0.56, P=0.0001）. The ROC curve between TLC and CD4 count showed that TLC ≤ 1200 cells/mm3 could predict CD4 〈 200 cells/mm3 with a sensitivity of 71.12%, specificity of 66.35% at pre-HAART. After 12-month HAART, the optimum prediction for CD4 count 〈 200 cells/mm3 was a TLC ≤ 1300 cells/mm3, with a sensitivity of 63.27%, and a specificity of 74.84%. Further finding indicated that TLC change was positively correlated to CD4 change （r=0.77, P=0.0001） at the time point of 12-month treatment, and the best prediction point of TLC change for CD4 increasing was 135 cells/mm3. TLC and its change can be used as a surrogate marker for CD4 count and its change of HIV-infected individuals for making decisions about the initiation and for monitoring HAART in resource-limited settings.

关键词： HIV/AIDS CD4 count total lymphocyte count highly active antiretroviral therapy

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