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自然湖泊主导全球地表水量变化

Science Bulletin 2024年第8期69卷 1016-1019页

作者：徐南卢麾李纹宇宫鹏 College of Geography and Remote Sensing Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Water Resources and Environment Assessment Using Remote Sensingand Key Laboratory of Hydrologic-Cycle and Hydrodynamic-System of Ministry of Water ResourcesHohai UniversityNanjing 210098China department of Earth System Science Institute of Global Change StudiesTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China department of Geography and Planning University of TorontoToronto ON M5S 3G3Canada department of Geography Department of Earth ScienceUniversity of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Tsinghua University(department of Earth System Science)-Xi’an Institute of Surveying and Mapping Joint Research Center for Next-Generation Smart Mapping Beijing 100084China

Although land surface water only covers a small portion(~3.7%) of our planet,it plays many essential roles:e.g.,freshwater storage,industrial consumption,agricultural irrigation,and biodiversity maintenance [1,2].Water storage variability is associated with various natural processes and human activities on the Earth [3,4] and it is well known that reservoir regulation is the most widely distributed and fundamental human activity capable of altering the global water cycle.In recent years,through reservoir regulation,humans have been able to obtain more freshwater from the Earth’s surface,with great benefits to human wellbeing.Currently,however,the extent to which human activities affect the global water cycle remains unknown.As a result,there is an urgent need to quantify and understand the role of human activities in the global water cycle to ensure that freshwater resources are managed sustainably at the global scale.

关键词： reservoir Earth planet

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大陆岩石圈与地球深部动力过程的协同演化

科学通报 2024年第2期69卷 200-214页

作者：刘丽军陈凌中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所岩石圈演化国家重点实验室北京100029 department of Earth Science and Environmental change University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbana IL 61801USA 中国科学院大学地球与行星科学学院北京100049

陆地是人类最主要的栖息地,然而其下方岩石圈的性质仍存在很多未知的因素.传统的板块构造理论认为大陆漂移是受大洋板块运动所控制,大陆岩石圈与对流地幔的物质交换局限在板块边界或热点附近,而大陆内部,尤其是克拉通的构造变形主要是... 详细信息

陆地是人类最主要的栖息地,然而其下方岩石圈的性质仍存在很多未知的因素.传统的板块构造理论认为大陆漂移是受大洋板块运动所控制,大陆岩石圈与对流地幔的物质交换局限在板块边界或热点附近,而大陆内部,尤其是克拉通的构造变形主要是大陆岩石圈对深部动力过程的被动响应.该认识的一个理论基础是tectosphere模型,即大陆内部的克拉通岩石圈地幔密度小而黏度高,从而能够长期稳定存在.然而近期的研究表明,克拉通岩石圈并非如传统认为的长期保持稳定,很多克拉通都发生过不同程度的结构改变,甚至破坏.相应地,对克拉通岩石圈地幔动力学性质的认知也在发生重大转变,如发现其密度高于周围地幔并且具有分层性,而其内部也存在不同尺度的薄弱带/层,在特定的构造扰动下,克拉通岩石圈会发生失稳而形成大规模拆沉.因此,本文认为,大陆岩石圈与深部地幔在超大陆时间尺度上是协同演化的,前者可以通过拆沉和折返的形式主动参与地幔对流,进而更加深刻地影响深浅能量和物质交换.这一认识的转变表明,大陆岩石圈对深部动力过程具有主动作用,因此我们对固体地球演化、环境气候变迁等重大问题的探索需要更多地引入大陆岩石圈本身的贡献.

关键词：大陆岩石圈大洋俯冲地幔柱拆沉深浅耦合协同演化

Indoor air particles in research vessel from Shanghai to Antarctic: Characteristics, influencing factors, and potential controlling pathway

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第4期126卷 784-793页

作者： Xudong Wu Fange Yue Jiancheng Wang Xiawei Yu Hongwei Liu Weihua Gu Mingming Han Juan Li Zhouqing Xie Anhui Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and global change Department of Environmental Science and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China department of Anesthesiology the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230001China Center for Excellence in Urban Atmospheric Environment Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China

Despite millions of seafarers and passengers staying on ships each year, few studies have been conducted on the indoor air quality inside ship hulls. In this study, we investigated the levels and size distribution of indoor particulate matter during two cruises of the research vessel “Xuelong” from Shanghai to Antarctica. The results showed that the particle size less than 2.5 μm(PM_(2.5)), and particle size less than 10 μm(PM_(10)) concentrations in different rooms of the ship widely varied. We observed high particulate matter(PM) levels in some of the rooms. The mass concentration distribution was dominated by 1–4 μm particles, which may have been caused by the hygroscopic growth of fine particles. The dominant factors influencing PM concentrations were indoor temperature, relative humidity, and human activity. We quantified contributions of these factors to the levels of indoor particles using a generalized additive model. In clean rooms, the levels of indoor particles were controlled by temperature and relative humidity, whereas in polluted rooms, the levels of indoor particles were mainly influenced by temperature and human activity, which implied that controlling temperature and human activity would efficiently reduce the levels of indoor particles.

关键词： Indoor air Ship Influencing factor Generalized additive model(GAM) Quantification Controlling pathway

global and regional trends in the incidence and mortality burden of endometrial cancer,1990–2019:Updated results from the global Burden of Disease Study,2019

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Chinese Medical Journal 2024年第3期137卷 294-302页

作者： Jianyang Feng Rongjin Lin Haoxian Li Jiayan Wang Hong He department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseasethe Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong 510000China department of Fetal Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong 510000China

Background:The disease burdens for endometrial cancer(EC)vary across different countries and geographical regions and change every year.Herein,we reported the updated results of the global Burden of Disease Study 2019 on EC with respect to age-standardized incidence and mortality from 1990 to 2019.Methods:The annual percentage change(APC)of incidence and mortality was evaluated using joinpoint regression analysis to examine the temporal trends during the same timeframe in terms of the global landscape,different sociodemographic indices(SDI),and geographic regions.The relationship between human Development Index(HDI)and incidence and mortality was additionally explored.Results:The age-standardized incidence rates(ASIRs)revealed a significant average global elevation by 0.5%per year(95%confidence interval[CI],0.3–0.7;P<0.001).The age-standardized mortality rates(ASMRs),in contrast,fell by an average of 0.8%per year(95%CI,−1.0 to−0.7;P<0.001)worldwide.The ASIRs and ASMRs for EC varied across different SDIs and geographical regions.We noted four temporal trends and a significant reduction by 0.5%per year since 2010 in the ASIR,whereas we detected six consecutively decreasing temporal trends in ASMR during the entire period.Notably,the estimated APCs were significantly positively correlated with HDIs(ρ=0.22;95%CI,0.07–0.35;P=0.003)with regard to incident cases in 2019.Conclusions:Incidence rates for EC reflected a significant increase overall(although we observed a decline since 2010),and the death rates declined consecutively from 1990 to 2019.We posit that more precise strategies can be tailored and then implemented based on the distinct age-standardized incidence and mortality burden in different geographical areas.

关键词： Endometrial cancer global Burden of Disease Incidence Mortality Trends

Climate change and human health: Last call to arms for us

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第11期12卷 1870-1874页

作者： Antonio Corrente Maria Caterina Pace Marco Fiore department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine The Anastasia Guerriero HospitalMarcianise 81025CasertaItaly department of Women Child and General and Specialized SurgeryUniversity of Campania“Luigi Vanvitelli”Naples 80138Italy

Climate change,now the foremost global health hazard,poses multifaceted challenges to human health.This editorial elucidates the extensive impact of climate change on health,emphasising the increasing burden of diseases and the exacerbation of health disparities.It highlights the critical role of the healthcare sector,particularly anaesthesia,in both contributing to and mitigating climate change.It is a call to action for the medical community to recognise and respond to the health challenges posed by climate change.

关键词： Climate change Carbon footprint Sustainability Greenhouse gases Anaesthetic gases Environmental impact Disposable laryngoscope blades

A U.S.‒China coal power transition and the global 1.5℃ pathway

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Advances in Climate change Research 2022年第2期13卷 179-186页

作者： Ryna Yiyun CUI Nathan HULTMAN Di-Yang CUI Haewon MCJEON Leon CLARKE Jia-Hai YUAN Wen-Jia CAI Center for global Sustainability School of Public PolicyUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMD20742USA Joint global change Research Institute Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryCollege ParkMD20740USA School of Economics and Management North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing102206China department of Earth System Science Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China

As the world seeks to increase ambition rapidly to limit global warming to 1.5℃,joint leadership from the world's largest greenhouse gas(GHG)emitters-the United States(U.S.)and China-will be critical to deliver significant emissions reductions from their own countries as well as to catalyze increased international action.After a period of uncertainty in international climate policy,these countries now both have current leadership that supports ambitious climate action.In this context,a feasible,high-impact,and potentially globally catalytic agreement by the U.S.and China to transition away from coal to clean energy would be a major contribution toward this global effort.We undertake a plant-by-plant assessment in the power sector to identify practical coal retirement pathways for each country that are in line with national priorities and the global 1.5℃ target.Our plant-by-plant analysis shows that the 1.5℃-compatible pathways may result in an average retirement age of 47 years for the U.S.coal plants and 22 years for Chinese coal plants,raising important questions of how to compare broader economic,employment,and social impacts.We also demonstrate that such pathways would also lead to significant emissions reductions,lowering overall global energy-related CO_(2) emissions by about 9%in 2030 relative to 2020.A catalytic effect from the possibility of other countries taking compatible actions is estimated to reduce global emissions by 5.1 Gt CO_(2) in 2030 and by 10.1 Gt CO_(2) in 2045.

关键词： U.S.‒China Coal power transition Climate mitigation Paris agreement Integrated assessment modeling

Effect of intensity and duration of anthropic noises on European mink locomotor activity and fecal cortisol metabolite levels

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Current Zoology 2022年第6期68卷 688-699页

作者： Lorena ORTIZ-JIMENEZ Carlos IGLESIAS-MERCHAN Alba Itzel MARTıNEZ-SALAZAR Isabel BARJA department of Biology Zoology UnitUniversidad Autonoma de MadridMadrid28049Spain department of Forest and Environmental Engineering and Management Universidad Politecnica de MadridMadridSpain Geographic Information Systems Laboratory Institute of BiologyUniversidad Nacional Autonoma de MexicoMexico CityMexico Biodiversity and global change Research Centre(CIBC-UAM) Universidad Autonoma de MadridMadridSpain

human activities involving noise emission can affect wild animals.European mink was exposed to road noise and human voice playbacks to analyze how sound intensity level and duration of both noises altered the time that individuals were active and if their fecal cortisol metabolite(FCM)levels varied.A Hierarchical Analysis Cluster was performed to establish 2 mink groups with respect to both noise source type:short duration/low intensity(SL)and long duration/high intensity(LH).We performed general linear mixed models to evaluate the variation in locomotor activity duration(s)and FCM(nanogram per gram)levels,respectively.The results showed both road noise and human voices decreased locomotor activity duration in SL more sharply compared with LH,and human voices were the triggers that induced the most pronounced response to both exposure conditions.FCM(ng/g)levels increased in SL compared with LH during road noise while the opposite happened during human voices.Differences based on sex and age of individuals were observed.In conclusion,noise characteristics given by the sound type determined the variations in locomotor activity duration while noise exposure level determined the variations in FCM(ng/g)levels.Attention should be paid to noisy activities(e.g.,recreational activities for visitors in protected natural areas)and loud groups of people to conserve wildlife,especially noise sensitive species.

关键词： anthropic disturbances European mink fecal cortisol metabolites noise exposure locomotor activity behavioral response

Urbanization,economic development,and environmental changes in transitional economies in the global south:a case of Yangon

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Ecological Processes 2022年第1期11卷 929-945页

作者： Peilei Fan Jiquan Chen Cadi Fung Zaw Naing Zutao Ouyang Khaing Moe Nyunt Zin Nwe Myint Jiaguo Qi Joseph P.Messina Soe W.Myint Brad G.Peter School of Planning Designand Construction and Center for Global Change and Earth ObservationsMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA department of Geography Environmentand Spatial Sciences and Center for Global Change and Earth ObservationsMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA department of Geography University of AlabamaTuscaloosaAL 35487USA Mandalay Technology YangonMyanmar Earth System Science Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA Yangon City Development Committee YangonMyanmar Yangon University YangonMyanmar College of Arts and Sciences University of AlabamaTuscaloosaAL 35487USA School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning Arizona State UniversityTempeAZ 85287-5302USA department of Geosciences University of ArkansasFayettevilleAR 72701PUSA

Background:Transitional economies in Southeast Asia—a distinct group of developing countries—have experienced rapid urbanization in the past several decades due to the economic transition that fundamentally changed the function of their economies,societies and the environment.Myanmar,one of the least developed transitional economies in Southeast Asia,increased urbanization substantially from 25%in 1990 to 31%in 2019.However,major knowledge gaps exist in understanding the changes in urban land use and land cover and environment and their drivers in its cities.Methods:We studied Yangon,the largest city in Myanmar,for the urbanization,environmental changes,and the underlying driving forces in a radically transitioned economy in the developing world.Based on satellite imagery and historic land use maps,we quantified the expansion of urban built-up land and constructed the land conversion matrix from 1990 through 2020.We also used three air pollutants to illustrate the changes in environmental conditions.We analyzed the coupled dynamics among urbanization,economic development,and environmental changes.Through conducting a workshop with 20 local experts,we further analyzed the influence of human systems and natural systems on Yangon’s urbanization and sustainability.Results:The city of Yangon expanded urban built-up land rapidly from 1990 to 2000,slowed down from 2000 to 2010,but gained momentum again from 2010 to 2020,with most newly added urban built-up land appearing to be converted from farmland and green land in both 1990–2000 and 2010–2020.Furthermore,the air pollutant concen-tration of CO decreased,but that of NO_(2)and PM_(2.5)increased in recent years.A positive correlation exists between population and economic development and the concentration of PM_(2.5)is highly associated with population,the economy,and the number of vehicles.Finally,the expert panel also identified other potential drivers for urbanization,including the extreme climate event of Cyclone Nargis,capital relocation,and globalization.Conclusio

关键词： Urbanization Economic development Environmental change Transitional economy globalization Extreme climate event Capital relocation Myanmar

Associative cultural landscape approach to interpreting traditional ecological wisdom:A case of Inuit habitat

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2024年第1期13卷 79-96页

作者： Peng Zhang Shuai Li department of Landscape Architecture College of Architecture and Urban PlanningTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China

global climate change and the accelerated melting of glaciers have raised concerns about the ability to manage ice-snow environments.Historically,human ancestors have mastered the ecological wisdom of working with ice-snow environments,but the phenomenon has not yet been articulated in cultural landscape methodologies that emphasize“nature-culture relevance”.The challenging living environment often compels indigenous people to form a strong bond with their surroundings,leading to the creation of long-term ecological wisdom through synergistic relationships with the environment.This ecological environment is conceptualized as a cognitive space in the form of the landscape,with which the aboriginal community norms and individual spirits continually interact.Such interactions generate numerous non-material cultural evidences,such as culture,art,religion,and other ideological aspects of the nation.These evidences symbolize the intellectual outcome of the relationship between humans and the landscape,and they create the“spiritual relevance”through personification and contextualization.The aim of the study is to explore the traditional ecological wisdom of the Inuit people who live in the harsh Arctic,and analyze the Inuit’s interaction with the landscape through the lens of“associative cultural landscape”,and decode the survival experience that the Inuit have accumulated through their long-term synergy with the Arctic environment.The findings focus on the synergy between the Inuit and the ice-snow landscape,examining the knowledge and ecological wisdom that the Inuit acquire from the ice-snow landscape.Our goal is to develop a perspective of the ecological environment from the viewpoint of aboriginal people and establish a methodology,model,and framework for“associative cultural landscape”that incorporates ethnic non-material cultural evidences.From the results,a total of nine models for interpreting traditional Inuit ecological wisdom are generated based on the“diamond model”of“associative cultural landscape”,coverin

关键词： Landscape architecture Associative cultural landscape Nature-culture relevance Cultural landscape Traditional ecological wisdom Non-material cultural evidence Methodology Habitat Living environment Ice-snow landscape