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Why ecosystem characteristics predicted from remotely sensed data are unbiased and biased at the same time-and how this affects applications

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第1期11卷 24-31页

作者： Goran Ståhl Terje Gobakken Svetlana Saarela Henrik J.Persson Magnus Ekstrom Sean P.Healey Zhiqiang Yang Johan Holmgren Eva Lindberg Kenneth Nystrom Emanuele Papucci Patrik Ulvdal Hans OleØrka Erik Næsset Zhengyang Hou Håkan Olsson Ronald E.McRoberts department of Forest Resource management Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences90183UmeåSweden Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource management Norwegian University of Life SciencesÅsNorway USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research StationOgdenUTUSA The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing100083China department of Forest Resources University of MinnesotaSt.PaulMNUSA

Remotely sensed data are frequently used for predicting and mapping ecosystem characteristics,and spatially explicit wall-to-wall information is sometimes proposed as the best possible source of information for ***,wall-to-wall information typically relies on model-based prediction,and several features of model-based prediction should be understood before extensively relying on this type of *** such feature is that model-based predictors can be considered both unbiased and biased at the same time,which has important implications in several areas of *** this discussion paper,we first describe the conventional model-unbiasedness paradigm that underpins most prediction techniques using remotely sensed(or other)auxiliary *** this point of view,model-based predictors are typically ***,we show that for specific domains,identified based on their true values,the same model-based predictors can be considered biased,and sometimes severely *** suggest distinguishing between conventional model-bias,defined in the statistical literature as the difference between the expected value of a predictor and the expected value of the quantity being predicted,and design-bias of model-based estimators,defined as the difference between the expected value of a model-based estimator and the true value of the quantity being *** show that model-based estimators(or predictors)are typically design-biased,and that there is a trend in the design-bias from overestimating small true values to underestimating large true ***,we give examples of applications where this is important to acknowledge and to potentially make adjustments to correct for the design-bias *** argue that relying entirely on conventional model-unbiasedness may lead to mistakes in several areas of application that use predictions from remotely sensed data.

关键词： Bias Model-based inference Design-based inference

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Facilitating Innovation to Improve the Quality and Efficiency of Foreign Exchange Administration under the Current Account

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China Forex 2024年第1期 47-50页

作者： LIU Bin SAFE's Current Account management department

China Forex:What is theoverall direction of China's foreign exchange administration under the current account in2024?LIU Bin:In recent years,China's foreign trade structure has been continuously optimized,with new gro... 详细信息

关键词： Efficiency continuously Quality

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The impact of the COVID-19 prevention and economic interventions on express delivery industry:Evidence from China

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Journal of management Science and Engineering 2024年第1期9卷 16-37页

作者： Juan Liu Jiafu Tang Minghe Sun School of Economics Dongbei University of Finance&Economics(DUFE)Dalian116025China School of management Science&Engineering Dongbei University of Finance&Economics(DUFE)Dalian116025China department of management Science and Statistics College of BusinessThe University of Texas at San AntonioSan AntonioUSA

As a fundamental logistics service,the express delivery(ED)industry provides production and consumption activities to maintain efficient supply chain *** plays an important role in promoting industrial development and maintaining daily life and *** study examined the effects of COVID-19 on the ED industry using ED package delivery data from 31 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities)in *** a difference-in-differences method,the COVID-19 outbreak was found to have a positive effect and epidemic prevention and control(EPC)policies were found to have negative effects on the development of the ED *** addition to EPC policies,the Chinese government has implemented other short-term economic interventions(SEI),such as the resumption of work and production(RWP),policies to balance economic growth,and epidemic *** study divided the pandemic period into three stages to analyze the different impacts of EPC and SEI policy changes on the ED *** RWP policies adopted during the pandemic positively impacted the volume and income of packages delivered to the ED *** conclusions of this study are significant for the ED industry in addressing public health emergencies and for the Chinese government to formulate EPC and SEI policies during epidemic periods.

关键词： COVID-19 Epidemic prevention and control policy Resumption of work and production Express delivery industry Quasi-experiment Difference-in-differences

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Integrated Promotion of High-quality Opening-up and High-level Security in Foreign Exchange Administration under the Capital Account

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China Forex 2024年第1期 51-54页

作者： XIAO Sheng SAFE's Capital Account management department

CHINA FOREX:In2023,what work has been done to promote the high-level opening-up of the capital account,and what has been done towards serving the real economy with foreign exchange administrated under the capital acco... 详细信息

关键词： Opening serving Exchange

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Designing a Secure and Scalable Data Sharing Mechanism Using Decentralized Identifiers(DID)

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第10期141卷 809-822页

作者： Iuon-Chang Lin I-Ling Yeh Ching-Chun Chang Jui-Chuan Liu Chin-Chen Chang department of management Information Systems National Chung Hsing UniversityTaichung402Taiwan Information and Communication Security Research Center Feng Chia UniversityTaichung407Taiwan department of Information Engineering and Computer Science Feng Chia UniversityTaichung407Taiwan

Centralized storage and identity identification methods pose many risks,including hacker attacks,data misuse,and single points of ***,existing centralized identity management methods face interoperability issues and rely on a single identity provider,leaving users without control over their ***,this paper proposes a mechanism for identity identification and data sharing based on decentralized *** scheme utilizes blockchain technology to store the identifiers and data hashed on the chain to ensure permanent identity recognition and data *** is stored on InterPlanetary File System(IPFS)to avoid the risk of single points of failure and to enhance data persistence and *** the same time,compliance with World Wide Web Consortium(W3C)standards for decentralized identifiers and verifiable credentials increases the mechanism’s scalability and interoperability.

关键词： Self-sovereign identity decentralized identifier blockchain

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Smart contract applications in the built environment: How prepared are Nigerian construction stakeholders?

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Frontiers of Engineering management 2024年第1期11卷 50-61页

作者： Andrew EBEKOZIEN Clinton AIGBAVBOA Samuel Adeniyi ADEKUNLE Mohamad Shaharudin SAMSURIJAN John ALIU Bernard Martins ARTHUR-AIDOO Godpower Chinyeru AMADI department of Construction management and Quantity Surveying University of JohannesburgJohannesburg 2006South Africa School of Social Sciences Universiti Sains MalaysiaGelugor11800 USM PenangMalaysia department of Quantity Surveying Auchi PolytechnicAuchiNigeria Institute for Resilient Infrastructure Systems College of EngineeringUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGA 30602USA department of Building Technology Faculty of Built EnvironmentAccra Technical UniversityAccraGhana Nigerian Institute of management Port HarcourtNigeria

Studies have demonstrated that advanced technology,such as smart contract applications,can enhance both pre-and post-contract administration within the built environment *** contract technology,exemplifying blockchain technologies,has the potential to improve transparency,trust,and the security of data transactions within this ***,there is a dearth of academic literature concerning smart contract applications within the construction industries of developing countries,with a specific focus on ***,this study seeks to explore the relevance of smart contract technology and address the challenges impeding its adoption,offering strategies to mitigate the obstacles faced by smart contract *** investigate the stakeholders,this research conducted 14 virtual interview sessions to achieve data *** interviewees encompassed project management practitioners,senior management personnel from construction companies,experts in construction dispute resolution,professionals in construction software,and representatives from government construction *** data obtained from these interviews underwent thorough analysis employing a thematic *** study duly recognizes the significance of smart contract applications within the *** the 12 identified barriers,issues such as identity theft and data leakage,communication and synchronization challenges,high computational expenses,lack of driving impetus,excessive electricity consumption,intricate implementation processes,absence of a universally applicable legal framework,and the lack of a localized legal framework were recurrent impediments affecting the adoption of smart contract applications within the *** study also delves into comprehensive measures to mitigate these *** conclusion,this study critically evaluates the relevance of smart contract applications within the built environment,with a specific focus on promoting their *** may serve

关键词： built environment industry digitalization Nigeria smart contract technological revolution

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Hybrid Approach for Cost Efficient Application Placement in Fog-Cloud Computing Environments

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第6期79卷 4127-4148页

作者： Abdulelah Alwabel Chinmaya Kumar Swain department of Computer Sciences College of Computer Engineering and SciencesPrince Sattam bin Abdulaziz UniversityAl-Kharj11942Saudi Arabia department of Computer Science and Engineering Institute of Management and Information TechnologyCuttackBPUTOdishaIndia

Fog computing has recently developed as a new paradigm with the aim of addressing time-sensitive applications better than with cloud computing by placing and processing tasks in close proximity to the data ***,the majority of the fog nodes in this environment are geographically scattered with resources that are limited in terms of capabilities compared to cloud nodes,thus making the application placement problem more complex than that in cloud *** approach for cost-efficient application placement in fog-cloud computing environments that combines the benefits of both fog and cloud computing to optimize the placement of applications and services while minimizing *** approach is particularly relevant in scenarios where latency,resource constraints,and cost considerations are crucial factors for the deployment of *** this study,we propose a hybrid approach that combines a genetic algorithm(GA)with the Flamingo Search Algorithm(FSA)to place application modules while minimizing *** consider four cost-types for application deployment:Computation,communication,energy consumption,and *** proposed hybrid approach is called GA-FSA and is designed to place the application modules considering the deadline of the application and deploy them appropriately to fog or cloud nodes to curtail the overall cost of the *** extensive simulation is conducted to assess the performance of the proposed approach compared to other state-of-the-art *** results demonstrate that GA-FSA approach is superior to the other approaches with respect to task guarantee ratio(TGR)and total cost.

关键词： Placement mechanism application module placement fog computing cloud computing genetic algorithm flamingo search algorithm

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Improved Scatter Search Algorithm for Multi-skilled Personnel Scheduling of Ship Block Painting

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Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(New Series) 2024年第1期31卷 1-15页

作者： Guanglei Jiao Zuhua Jiang Jianmin Niu Wenjuan Yu department of Industrial Engineering and management Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Shanghai Ship Technology Research Institute Shanghai 200032China

This paper focuses on the optimization method for multi-skilled painting personnel *** budget working time analysis is carried out considering the influence of operating area,difficulty of spraying area,multi-skilled workers,and worker’s efficiency,then a mathematical model is established to minimize the completion time. The constraints of task priority,paint preparation,pump management,and neighbor avoidance in the ship block painting production are considered. Based on this model,an improved scatter search(ISS)algorithm is designed,and the hybrid approximate dynamic programming(ADP)algorithm is used to improve search efficiency. In addition,the two solution combination methods of path-relinking and task sequence combination are used to enhance the search breadth and depth. The numerical experimental results show that ISS has a significant advantage in solving efficiency compared with the solver in small scale instances;Compared with the scatter search algorithm and genetic algorithm,ISS can stably improve the solution quality. Verified by the production example,ISS effectively shortens the total completion time of the production,which is suitable for scheduling problems in the actual painting production of the shipyard.

关键词： ship painting personnel scheduling multi⁃skilled workers scatter search task constraints

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Digital Revolution and Job Quality of Lower Class Workers: Quasi-experimental Evidence from the Broadband China Program

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China & World Economy 2024年第4期32卷 146-178页

作者： Xiumei Wang Ye Jiang Famin Yi School of Business Fuyang Normal UniversityChina department of Economics Dickinson CollegeUSA School of Economics and management South China Agricultural UniversityChina

This study examines the impact of the digital revolution on the job quality of workers with a specific focus on those at the lowest end of the spectrum in China's domestic labor market. Leveraging exogenous timing variations that result from the implementation of the Broadband China Program across different cities, it provides quasi-experimental evidence concerning the effects of the digital revolution on the job quality of lower class workers, particularly rural–urban migrant workers. Using data from China Migrants Dynamic Survey, this study reveals that migrants' comprehensive job quality index increased by 0.0138 (5.33 percent), and its component indices experienced positive effects after the Broadband China Program was implemented. This study also investigates heterogeneous policy treatment effects among workers with diverse demographic and occupational characteristics. Underlying mechanisms are considered, including positive macroeconomic shocks, increased social interactions, and Internet use. In particular, migrants' attitudes toward local settlement became more positive, suggesting that the positive effects of the digital revolution on livelihood lasted for some time. Taking China as an example, this study contributes valuable empirical evidence of how the digital revolution can affect lower class workers' employment or living conditions in a developing country. Related policy implications are also considered.

关键词： Broadband China Program digital revolution job quality lower clas workers rural-urban migrants

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A Systematic Analysis of Early Life Exposure to the Chinese Famine(1959-1961)and the Health of Older Adults-China,2008-2023

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China CDC weekly 2024年第11期6卷 203-207,I0001-I0003页

作者： Chi Shen Xi Chen School of Public Policy and Administration Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an CityShaanxi ProvinceChina department of Health Policy and management Yale School of Public HealthNew HavenCTU.S department of Economics Yale UniversityNew HavenCTU.S

What is already known about this topic?There is mounting evidence indicating that the aging process initiates during early life stages,with in utero the individual’s environment playing a significant ***,it is crucial to comprehend the enduring effects of early life circumstances on health in old *** is added by this report?In this study,we conducted a meta-analysis to examine the effects of the Chinese Famine(1959–1961)on the health of older *** also explored potential mechanisms underlying these *** are the implications for public health practice?The complex interplay between early life circumstances,multiple health-related sectors,and healthy aging necessitates a comprehensive life-course approach and strategic interventions to enhance public health in an aging society.

关键词： life aging mount

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