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Intraspecific scaling and early life history determine the cost of free-flight in a large beetle(Batocera rufomaculata)

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Insect Science 2024年第2期31卷 524-532页

作者： Tomer Urcai Eran Levin Eran Gefen Gal Ribak Faculty of Life Sciences School of ZoologyTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael Steinhardt Museum of Natural history Israel National Center for Biodiversity StudiesTel AvivIsrael department of Biology University of Haifa-OranimKiryat TivonIsrael

The scaling of the energetic cost of locomotion with body mass is well documented at the interspecific ***,methodological restrictions limit our understanding of the scaling of flight metabolic rate(MR)in free-flying *** is particularly true at the intraspecific level,where variation in body mass and flight energetics may have direct consequences for the fitness of an *** applied a 13C stable isotope method to investigate the scaling of MR with body mass during free-flight in the beetle Batocera *** species exhibits large intraspecific variation in adult body mass as a consequence of the environmental conditions during larval *** show that the flight-MR scales with body mass to the power of 0.57,with smaller conspecifics possessing up to 2.3 fold higher mass-specific flight MR than larger *** the scaling exponent of free-flight MR was found to be like that determined for tethered-flight,the energy expenditure during free-flight was more than 2.7 fold higher than for *** metabolic cost of flight should therefore be studied under free-flight conditions,a requirement now enabled by the 13C technique described herein for insect flight.

关键词： allometry body mass Coleoptera free-flight insect flight stable carbon isotope tethered-flight

Rising concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in Nigerian foodstuffs despite global restrictions

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Emerging Contaminants 2024年第1期10卷 54-59页

作者： Yulong Ma William A.Stubbings Reginald Cline-Cole Mohamed Abou-Elwafa Abdallah Stuart Harrad School of Geography Earthand Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamB152TTUK department of African studies&Anthropology School of History and CulturesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamB152TTUK

The presence of brominated flame retardants(BFRs)in foodstuffs of African origin is poorly *** fill this gap,animal-derived food samples comprising 13 different items originally from Nigeria were obtained in 2021,and concentrations of novel brominated flame retardants(NBFRs),polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs),and hexabromocyclododecane(HBCDD)were *** mean concentrations of NBFRs,PBDEs,and HBCDD in Nigerian foodstuffs were 2.1 ng/g(18 ng/g lipid weight(lw)),1.3 ng/g(9.2 ng/g lw),and 0.42 ng/g(2.8 ng/g lw),with median concentrations of 1.7 ng/g(14 ng/g lw),1.1 ng/g(8.2 ng/g lw),andstudies reveals rising concentrations of PBDEs in Nigerian foodstuffs in recent years with associated rises in dietary exposure,possibly due to active domestic use of PBDEs in ***,comparison of our exposure estimates with health-based limit values suggests adverse health effects of dietary intake of BFRs by Nigerians are unlikely to occur.

关键词： BFRs Alternative flame retardants Dietary exposure Health risks Food

Reflections on the importance of built heritage inventory as a tool for preservation in Karachi-a case study of Wadhumal Odharam(Jail)Quarter in Karachi,Sindh,Pakistan

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Built Heritage 2024年第1期8卷 29-45页

作者： Tania Ali Soomro department of Architecture and Urban studies Politecnico Di MilanoMilanoItaly

The cultural heritage inventory is an alternate tool to document historic buildings to establish a protected enlistment *** the importance of inventories for developing knowledge of historical and cultural patterns,multiple attempts are being made to record Karachi's historic buildings in the form of inventory *** research investigates the various approaches used for inventorying Karachi's cultural heritage and their potential impact on the survival of the city's historical *** literature,this research provides a brief overview of Karachi's architectural development before and after its annexation to the British Raj(Term used by scholars to represent the British Crown in *** term'The Raj'is also sometimes used.)(1843-1947),which is now considered the historic core of the city of Karachi,together with the systems of inventorying the built heritage over *** Odharam(Jail)Quarter is shortlisted as a case study for this research,which will be examined from the perspective of inventory making in relation to its specific physical and sociocultural context as documented through the inventorying *** Quarter is also referred to as'Jail Quarter'because of the presence of the Jail building within the Quarter precinct,which was demolished during the British era;it is discussed in further detail later in this *** research approach follows a survey of the quarter conducted between August and September 2022,followed by a mapping of the historic *** inventory mapping of the Quarter is performed by using an available database(Database of various historic Quarters of Karachi by Heritage Cell-DAPNED).The data for inventory also helps provide an understanding of the history and development of the *** other aspects of the research methodology include intreating questions and collecting data about various aspects of the Quarter,such as the building information,photographic documentation of the properties,an

关键词： inventorying inventory making heritage conservation commercialisation pressure

Quantitative estimation of global mean precipitation throughout the Phanerozoic era

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第5期67卷 1616-1624页

作者： Xiujuan BAO Yongyun HU Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmospheric studies Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic SciencesSchool of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

Quantitatively estimating the global mean precipitation(GMP)throughout Earth's history is crucial for enhancing our understanding of long-term climate evolution and the hydrological ***,currently there is no established methodology for estimating global mean ***,we present the first study that estimates GMP in the Phanerozoic *** relationship between GMP and global mean surface temperature(GMST)is investigated by analyzing data from 23 models in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6(CMIP6).The result reveals consistent and significant impact of temperature on precipitation,with a sensitivity range of 2–3%K^(-1).Additionally,we propose a method for accessing latitudinal variations in precipitation caused by land area distributions and paleo-Koppen climatic *** climatic belts are determined based on geological indicators such as coals,evaporites,and glacial *** GMP is thus quantitatively estimated by combining variations in GMST,land area distributions,and paleo-koppen climatic belts,spanning from 540 Ma to the present *** quantitative GMP curve demonstrates fluctuations in GMP about 500 mm yr^(-1),with values ranging from 948 to1442 mm yr-1over the Phanerozoic *** curve aligns closely with findings derived from numerical *** presented paleoprecipitation variations facilitate a more comprehensive understanding of the interconnected geological and paleoclimatic developments.

关键词： Paleoprecipitation Paleoclimate K?ppen climatic belts Global mean precipitation Hydrological cycle

The Conceptual Transformation of“National Language”and the Initial Construction of National Common Language at the End of Qing Dynasty

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Journal of the Chinese Nation studies 2024年第1期3卷 86-127页

作者： Xingtao HUANG Juan HUANG Lin WANG(Translator) Renmin University of China BeijingChina Chinese Academy of history BeijingChina department of English School of Foreign StudiesMinzu University of China

At the end of Qing Dynasty(1864-1911),the traditional concept of"national language"underwent a modern transformation,which began to refer to the common language of the *** conceptual change was stimulated by both Japanese thought and *** construction of the national common language formally started with the promulgation and implementation of the"Gui-Mao school system,"accelerated by the opening of the preparatory constitution,and began in its early practice through the enactment of the Statutes for the Establishment of Schools in the Mongolian,Tibetan and Hui Areas and the Decision of the Central Educational Conference of the Ministry of Education on the Unification of the State *** construction was always led by the court,jointly promoted by people from the government and the folk,and Manchu,Mongolian,and Han officials inclining the *** not only can be regarded as one of the important contents of the New Deal and Constitutional Movement at the end of Qing Dynasty that has been neglected,but also the result of the long-term implementation of the official language by the Qing court and the increasing role of the Chinese language in the country's domestic and foreign *** had an important impact on the emergence and early development of the consciousness of the modern Chinese nation.

关键词： national language official language common language consciousness of the modern Chinese nation

Perceptions and Controversies on Cholera in the Traditional Chinese Medicine Field in the Late Qing Dynasty

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Chinese Medicine and Culture 2024年第2期7卷 143-151页

作者： GUO Shiqiang WU Haohuan WU Yinghua The department of history College of Liberal Arts Of Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 510632China Jinan University Library Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 510632China

At the beginning of the initial cholera outbreak in China,Wang Qingren(王清任),after years of clinical trials,became an early representative who discovered the infectious characteristics and observed the course of cholera in the field of traditional Chinesse medicine(TCM).Kou Langao(寇兰皋)and Xu Zimo(徐子默),both medical practitioners,constructed a diagnosis and treatment system for cholera with cold patterns under the theory of *** represented“School of Cholera with Cold Patterns”(SCCP).In the 1860s,with the influence of Wang Shixiong’s(王士雄)studies on the nature of cholera under the theory of epidemic febrile disease,the“School of Cholera with Heated Patterns”(SCHP)prevailed *** two schools complemented each other in theories and contributed to the integrity of TCM in cholera diagnosis and *** reviewing previous literature,books,clinical cases,and historical materials in medical field,this article aims 1)to summarise the influence of TCM on the cognitive development towards cholera in the late Qing dynasty;2)to explore the origin of the controversy between SCCP and SCHP from historical evidence;3)to summarize the historical lessons from the debate over cholera in TCM based on the principle of treatment based on pattern identification,and offer suggestions for the current prevention and treatment of new diseases using TCM.

关键词： Traditional Chinese medicine Cholera School of Cholera with Cold Patterns School of Cholera with Heated Patterns Wang Shixiong Xu Zimo

Case Records as Medical Stories: A Song-dynasty Doctor’s Narration of His Own Medicine-Xu Shuwei (1080-1154)

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Chinese Medicine and Culture 2024年第2期7卷 95-103页

作者： Asaf Goldschmidt department of East Asian studies Tel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv 39040Israel

The key point in studying or teaching the history of Chinese medicine is on the doctrines underlying it and on its perception of the body,physiology,pathology,and its ***,there is often a tendency to focus on reading and analysing the classical canons and therapy-related texts including formularies and materia medica ***,focusing on these sources provides us with a one-sided presentation of Chinese *** primary sources lack the clinical down-to-earth know-how that encompasses medical treatment,which are represented,for instance,in the clinical rounds of modern medical *** traditional focus on the medical canons and formularies provides almost no clinical knowledge,leaving us with a one-sided narrative that ignores how medicine and healing are actually practiced in the *** paper focuses on the latter aspect of medicine from a historical *** written and visual sources dating to the Song dynasty,clinical encounters between doctors and patients including their families are depicted based on case records recorded by a physician,members of the patient’s family,and *** array of case records or case stories will enable us to narrate the interaction between physicians and patients both from the clinical perspective and from the social *** paper will also discuss visual depictions of the medical encounter to provide another perspective for narrating medicine during the Song *** case records and paintings depicting medical encounters are exemplary of the potential of Chinese primary sources for narrative medicine.

关键词： Clinical encounter Medical practice Song dynasty Xu Shuwei Case records

Comparative analysis of 12 water lily plastid genomes reveals genomic divergence and evolutionary relationships in early flowering plants

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Marine Life Science & Technology 2024年第3期6卷 425-441页

作者： Weicai Song Wenbo Shi Huan Wang Zirui Zhang Ruiqing Tao Jin Liu Shuo Wang Michael S.Engel Chao Shi College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering Qingdao University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266042China Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center Germplasm Bank of Wild Species in Southwest ChinaKunming Institute of BotanyThe Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650204China Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops Xishuangbanna 666100China American Museum of Natural history New YorkNY 10024-5192USA Natural history Museum and Department of Ecology&Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of KansasLawrenceKS 66045USA

The aquatic plant Nymphaea,a model genus of the early flowering plant lineage Nymphaeales and family Nymphaeaceae,has been extensively ***,the availability of chloroplast genome data for this genus is incomplete,and phylogenetic relationships within the order Nymphaeales remain *** this study,12 chloroplast genomes of Nymphaea were assembled and analyzed for the first *** genomes were 158,290-160,042 bp in size and contained 113 non-repeat genes,including 79 protein-coding genes,30 tRNA genes,and four rRNA *** also report on codon usage,RNA editing sites,microsatellite structures,and new repetitive sequences in this *** genomics revealed that expansion and contraction of IR regions can lead to changes in the gene ***,it was observed that the highly variable regions of the chloroplast genome were mainly located in intergenic ***,the phylogenetic tree showed the order Nymphaeales was divided into three families,and the genus Nymphaea can be divided into five(or three)subgenera,with the subgenus Nymphaea being the *** divergence times of nymphaealean taxa were analyzed,with origins of the order Nymphaeales and family Nymphaeaceae being about 194 and 131 million years,*** results of the phylo-genetic analysis and estimated divergence times will be useful for future evolutionary studies of basal angiosperm lineages.

关键词： Aquatic plants Nymphaea Phylogenetic analysis Plastid genomics Structural variation

Vegetation changes across the Eocene-Oligocene transition:Global signals *** development

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第9期67卷 2937-2952页

作者： Mengxiao WU Lutz KUNZMANN Shufeng LI Vasilis TEODORIDIS Zhekun ZHOU Tao SU CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMengla 666303China Senckenberg Natural history Collections Dresden Konigsbrücker LandstraBe 159Dresden 01109Germany department of Biology and Environmental studies Faculty of EducationCharles UniversityMagdalény Rettigové411639 Prague 1Czech Republic State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu 610059China Institute of Sedimentary Geology Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu 610059China

The Eocene-Oligocene transition(EOT)marked a rapid global cooling event,often considered as the beginning of the modern icehouse *** by various factors,including tectonic activity and paleogeographic settings,the terrestrial records indicate a diverse response of fauna and vegetation to this global *** examined nine macrofossil assemblages from seven fossil localities on the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau and from the mid-latitudinal Europe ranging from the latest Bartonian and Priabonian(37.71-33.9 Ma)to the Rupelian(33.9-27.82 Ma).Our aims were to trace and compare the vegetation history of both regions in the late Eocene and early *** results show that both regions experienced changes in vegetation composition in response to climate change,characterized by a decrease in the percentages of broad-leaved evergreen elements and distinctive changes in general vegetation types.A general change in the overall vegetation type from subtropical broad-leaved evergreen forests in the late Eocene to temperate broad-leaved mixed deciduous evergreen forests,or mixed mesophytic forests,in the early Oligocene is recognized in both *** results indicate a clear change in leaf architecture,leaf margin states,and secondary venation types in the mid-latitudinal Europe,while the results from the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau show a distinct reduction in leaf *** data suggest that both global and regional factors played key roles in shaping the vegetation in the two regions.

关键词： Eocene-Oligocene transition Plant fossil Paleoclimate Leaf architecture Biodiversity