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Vegetation changes across the Eocene-Oligocene transition:Global signals vs. regional development

Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第09期67卷 2937-2952页

作者： Mengxiao WU Lutz KUNZMANN Shufeng LI Vasilis TEODORIDIS Zhekun ZHOU Tao SU CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of Sciences Senckenberg Natural history Collections Dresden department of Biology and Environmental Studies Faculty of EducationCharles University State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Chengdu University of Technology Institute of Sedimentary Geology Chengdu University of Technology

The Eocene-Oligocene transition(EOT) marked a rapid global cooling event, often considered as the beginning of the modern icehouse world. Influenced by various factors, including tectonic activity and paleogeographic settings, the terrestrial records indicate a diverse response of fauna and vegetation to this global event. We examined nine macrofossil assemblages from seven fossil localities on the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau and from the mid-latitudinal Europe ranging from the latest Bartonian and Priabonian(37.71–33.9 Ma) to the Rupelian(33.9–27.82 Ma). Our aims were to trace and compare the vegetation history of both regions in the late Eocene and early Oligocene. The results show that both regions experienced changes in vegetation composition in response to climate change, characterized by a decrease in the percentages of broad-leaved evergreen elements and distinctive changes in general vegetation types. A general change in the overall vegetation type from subtropical broad-leaved evergreen forests in the late Eocene to temperate broad-leaved mixed deciduous evergreen forests, or mixed mesophytic forests, in the early Oligocene is recognized in both regions. The results indicate a clear change in leaf architecture, leaf margin states, and secondary venation types in the mid-latitudinal Europe, while the results from the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau show a distinct reduction in leaf size. Our data suggest that both global and regional factors played key roles in shaping the vegetation in the two regions.

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The Silk roads: phylogeography of Central Asian dice snakes (Serpentes: Natricidae) shaped by rivers in deserts and mountain valleys

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Current Zoology 2024年第2期70卷 150-162页

作者： Daniel Jablonski Konrad Mebert Rafaqat Masroor Evgeniy Simonov Oleg Kukushkin Timur Abduraupov Sylvia Hofmann department of Zoology Comenius University in BratislavaBratislavaSlovakia Global Biology BirrSwitzerland Pakistan Museum of Natural history ShakarparianIslamabadPakistan Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution Russian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussia T.I.Vyazemski Karadag Scientific Station-Nature Reserve—Branch of A.0.Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas TheodosiaCrimea Zoological Institute of the RAS Saint PetersbourgRussia Institute of Zoology Academy of Sciences of the Republic of UzbekistanYunusabadTashkentUzbekistan Museum Koenig Bonn LIBLeibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity ChangeBonnGermany UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Department of Conservation BiologyPermoserstrasse 1504318 LeipzigGermany

Influenced by rapid changes in climate and landscape features since the Miocene,widely distributed species provide suitable models to study the environmental impact on their evolution and current genetic *** dice snake Natrix tessellata,widely distributed in the Western Palearctic is one such *** aimed to resolve a detailed phylogeography of *** with a focus on the Central Asian clade with 4 and the Anatolia clade with 3 mitochondrial lineages,trace their origin,and correlate the environmental changes that affected their distribution through *** expected time of divergence of both clades began at 3.7 Mya in the Pliocene,reaching lineage differentiation approximately 1 million years *** genetic diversity in both clades is rich,suggesting different ancestral areas,glacial refugia,demographic changes,and colonization *** Caspian lineage is the most widespread lineage in Central Asia,distributed around the Caspian Sea and reaching the foothills of the Hindu Kush Mountains in Afghanistan,and Eastern European lowlands in the *** distribution is limited by deserts,moun-tains,and cold steppe ***,Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan lineages followed the Amu Darya and the Syr Darya water systems in Central Asia,with ranges delimited by the large Kyzylkum and Karakum *** the western side,there are several lineages within the Anatolia clade that converged in the central part of the peninsula with 2 being endemic to Western *** distribution of both main clades was affected by expansion from their Pleistocene glacial refugia around the Caspian Sea and in the valleys of Central Asia as well as by environmental changes,mostly through aridification.

关键词： biogeography colonization Eurasia genetic diversity mitochondrial DNA Paratethys refugia water snakes.

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Uncovering the functional basis of mantids that resemble plants

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第1期67卷 215-216页

作者： Wei Zhang David JLohman State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research School of Life SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Biology department City College of New YorkCity University of New YorkNew York 10031 USA PhD Program in Biology City University of New YorkNew York 10016 USA Entomology Section National Museum of Natural HistoryManila 1000Philippines

Convergent evolution frequently causes one species to look like another to increase its ***“adaptive resemblance”takes many forms:edible species mimic noxious ones to avoid predation;camouflaged patterns allow an organism to blend into its environment;and being mistaken for an inedible object allows a prey species to masquerade as a twig or dead *** resemblance is relatively common in insects,which comprise around 60%of known species.

关键词： species functional mimic

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Quantitative analysis of the morphing wing mechanism of raptors:IMMU-based motion capture system and its application on gestures of a Falco peregrinus

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第1期33卷 734-742页

作者：唐迪朱力文施文熙刘大伟杨茵姚国荣严森祥范忠勇陆祎玮王思宇 College of Mechanical Engineering Zhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou 310014China High Speed Aerodynamic Institute China Aerodynamics Research and Development CenterMianyang 621000China department of Radiation Oncology The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310009China Zhejiang Museum of Natural history Hangzhou 310014China

This paper presented a novel tinny motion capture system for measuring bird posture based on inertial and magnetic measurement units that are made up of micromachined gyroscopes, accelerometers, and magnetometers. Multiple quaternion-based extended Kalman filters were implemented to estimate the absolute orientations to achieve high *** the guidance of ornithology experts, the extending/contracting motions and flapping cycles were recorded using the developed motion capture system, and the orientation of each bone was also analyzed. The captured flapping gesture of the Falco peregrinus is crucial to the motion database of raptors as well as the bionic design.

关键词： Falco peregrinus IMMU-based motion capture system flapping gesture

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晚白垩世真兽类Zalamdalestes揭示哺乳动物独特的枢椎及其复杂的进化过程

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Science Bulletin 2024年第11期69卷 1767-1775页

作者： Patrick Arnold Katarzyna Janiszewska 李茜 Jingmai K.O'Connor Lucja Fostowicz-Frelik Institute of Biochemistry and Biology University of PotsdamPotsdam D-14476Germany Environmental Paleobiology department Institute of PaleobiologyPolish Academy of SciencesWarsaw 00-818Poland Key Laboratory of Evolutionary Systematics of Vertebrates Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100044China The Field Museum of Natural history Chicago IL 60605USA department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy The University of ChicagoChicago IL 60637USA Evolutionary Paleobiology department Institute of PaleobiologyPolish Academy of SciencesWarsaw 00-818Poland

The typical mammalian neck consisting of seven cervical vertebrae(C1–C7)was established by the Late Permian in the cynodont forerunners of modern *** structure is precisely adapted to facilitate movements of the head during feeding,locomotion,predator evasion,and social ***,the clade including crown placentals,has a fossil record extending back more than 125 million years revealing significant morphological diversification in the *** very little is known concerning the early evolution of eutherian cervical morphology and its functional adaptations.A specimen of Zalambdalestes lechei from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia boasts exceptional preservation of an almost complete series of cervical vertebrae(C2–C7)revealing a highly modified axis(C2).The significance of this cervical morphology is explored utilizing an integrated approach combining comparative anatomical examination across mammals,muscle reconstruction,geometric morphometrics and virtual range of motion *** compared the shape of the axis in Zalambdalestes to a dataset of 88 mammalian species(monotremes,marsupials,and placentals)using three-dimensional landmark *** results indicate that the unique axis morphology of Zalambdalestes has no close analog among living *** range of motion analysis of the neck strongly implies Zalambdalestes was capable of exerting very forceful head movements and had a high degree of ventral flexion for an animal its *** findings reveal unexpected complexity in the early evolution of the eutherian cervical morphology and suggest a feeding behavior similar to insectivores specialized in vermivory and defensive behaviors in Zalambdalestes akin to modern spiniferous mammals.

关键词： Atlas Axis Vertebral column Stem placental Morphology paleoecology

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Flat-footed Females and Missing Males:A New Genus and Species of Pleciofungivoridae(Diptera:Bibionomorpha)Represents the First Record of the Family from Mid-Cretaceous Kachin Amber

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2024年第3期98卷 541-547页

作者： ZHANG Qingqing Wiesław KRZEMINSKI Jan SEVCIK Vladimir BLAGODEROV Agnieszka SOSZYNSKA Kornelia SKIBINSKA Yunnan Key Laboratory for Palaeobiology Institute of PalaeontologyYunnan UniversityKunming 650500China MEC International Joint Laboratory for Palaeobiology and Palaeoenvironment Yunnan UniversityKunming 650500China State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and PaleoenvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals Polish Academy of Sciences52551 KrakówPoland University of Ostrava Faculty of ScienceDepartment of Biology and EcologyChittussiho 10CZ-71000 OstravaCzech Republic National Museums Scotland EdinburghUK Natural history Museum LondonUK University of Lodz Faculty of Biology and Environmental ProtectionDepartment of Invertebrate Zoology and HydrobiologyBanacha 12/1690-237ŁódźPoland

A new genus and species,Cretopleciofungivora simpsoni *** ***.,from the extinct family Pleciofungivoridae(Diptera:Bibionomorpha),is discovered in mid-Cretaceous Kachin ***,this family was known only from imprints in sedimentary rocks of the Jurassic and the Lower *** of a representative of Pleciofungivoridae in Kachin amber confirms the presence of the family in the Upper *** new species has a unique structure of fore tarsus,with lobed and extended tarsal segments Ⅱ to Ⅳ,a feature hitherto known only in a few species of extant *** not particularly rare,the new species is currently known only from female *** reasons for this phenomenon,very unusual in Sciaroidea,are briefly discussed,including parthenogenesis as a potentially plausible hypothesis.

关键词： fungus gnats Sciaroidea Upper Cretaceous Burmese amber swollen tarsomeres

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Formation of Superthin Galaxies in IllustrisTNG

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第7期24卷 238-251页

作者： Jianhong Hu Dandan Xu Cheng Li department of Astronomy Tsinghua University

Superthin galaxies are observed to have stellar disks with extremely small minor-to-major axis ratios. In this work,we investigate the formation of superthin galaxies in the TNG100 simulation. We trace the merger history and investigate the evolution of galaxy properties of a selected sample of superthin galaxies and a control sample of galaxies that share the same joint probability distribution in the stellar-mass and color diagram. Through making comparisons between the two galaxy samples, we find that present-day superthin galaxies had similar morphologies as the control sample counterparts at higher redshifts, but have developed extended flat “superthin”morphologies since z ～ 1. During this latter evolution stage, superthin galaxies undergo an overwhelmingly higher frequency of prograde mergers(with orbit-spin angle θorb≤ 40°). Accordingly the spins of their dark matter halos have grown significantly and become noticeably higher than those of their normal disk counterparts. This further results in the buildup of their stellar disks at larger distances much beyond the regimes of normal disk galaxies. We also discuss the formation scenario of those superthin galaxies that live in larger dark matter halos as satellite galaxies therein.

关键词： Galaxies: evolution Galaxies: formation Galaxies: interactions Galaxies: star formation

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Scree conglomerate and its derivatives in the Upper Cretaceous Kallankurichchi Limestone,Ariyalur Group, Cauvery Basin, South India

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2024年第3期13卷 495-508页

作者： Shilpa Srimani department of Geological Sciences Jadavpur University

The repetitive influx of coarse clastics of mixed composition, siliciclastics and carbonates, locally common in the lower part of the Upper Cretaceous marine Kallankurichchi Limestone specifies a resurgence of tectonic unrest in the Cauvery rift basin, India. The basin-margin scree and its derivatives elicit diverse modes of emplacement and differ in many ways from denoting it only as basal conglomerate. The study meticulously reveals the depositional history of these basin-margin coarse clastics. The scree conglomerate bodies are wedge-shaped in appearance and often have flat, eroded tops. At places, their surfaces, tops and flanks, are encrusted with Inoceramus although internally, they are mostly unfossiliferous. They are clast-supported and extremely poorly sorted, having interstitial spaces filled by sand-sized grains at the basal part. The clasts can be traced into the underlying Sillakuddi Sandstone and the granitic basement. The clasts derived from the sandstone are angular and measure up to 60 cm in length, while the basement-derived clasts dominate the smaller(maximum diameter measured 5 cm) and more rounded population. The elongated clasts are chaotically arranged, even oriented sub-vertically, reclining on other clasts. The lowermost scree conglomerate has a sharp base, and the pebbles sunk into the underlying sandstone, although no discernible impact laminae wrapping their bottom were ever observed. Evidently, the scree fans were initiated under the sea, which permitted the slow sinking of assorted rock fragments dropped from above. The sporadic occurrence of marine fossils further corroborates this contention. The scree conglomerates at different stratigraphic levels transitioned laterally into conglomerates of mass flow origin and then to massive calcarenite, together forming wedge-shaped bodies. The initial alignment of clasts parallel to bedding transforms to a chaotic alignment representing the transition from internally sheared flow to debris flow

关键词： Scree conglomerate Kallankurichchi Limestone Tectonic subsidence Flow transformation Cauvery Basin

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The Intellectual Journey and Contributions of Riazanov Through the Lens of Marx’s Biography

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Journal of Literature and Art Studies 2024年第2期14卷 144-150页

作者： LIU Xun-qian department of history Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

The article delves into the intellectual endeavors and contributions of David Riazanov in the realm of Marxist scholarship,particularly through his pivotal role at the Marx-Engels Institute(MEI)following the 1917 Bolshevik *** an early academic setback,Riazanov’s self-taught expertise in various disciplines laid a solid foundation for his contributions to ***’s tenure at the MEI was marked by significant projects aimed at collecting,editing,and publishing Marx and Engels’works,culminating in the comprehensive compilation *** advocacy for an authentic representation of original texts underscored his scholarly ***’s pre-revolutionary activities and his critical stance on Bolshevik policies highlighted his dedication to a broader socialist *** ideological differences and challenges,Riazanov’s efforts significantly advanced the understanding and dissemination of Marxist thought,underscoring the complex interplay between political activism and academic scholarship in the development of socialist ideology.

关键词： Riazanov Russian Marxism biographical research

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Bridging element-free Galerkin and pluri-Gaussian simulation for geological uncertainty estimation in an ensemble smoother data assimilation framework

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Petroleum Science 2024年第3期21卷 1683-1698页

作者： Bogdan Sebacher Remus Hanea department of Applied Informatics Military Technical Academy “Ferdinand I” Equinor

The facies distribution of a reservoir is one of the biggest concerns for geologists, geophysicists, reservoir modelers, and reservoir engineers due to its high importance in the setting of any reliable decisionmaking/optimization of field development planning. The approach for parameterizing the facies distribution as a random variable comes naturally through using the probability fields. Since the prior probability fields of facies come either from a seismic inversion or from other sources of geologic information, they are not conditioned to the data observed from the cores extracted from the wells. This paper presents a regularized element-free Galerkin(R-EFG) method for conditioning facies probability fields to facies observation. The conditioned probability fields respect all the conditions of the probability theory(i.e. all the values are between 0 and 1, and the sum of all fields is a uniform field of 1). This property achieves by an optimization procedure under equality and inequality constraints with the gradient projection method. The conditioned probability fields are further used as the input in the adaptive pluri-Gaussian simulation(APS) methodology and coupled with the ensemble smoother with multiple data assimilation(ES-MDA) for estimation and uncertainty quantification of the facies distribution. The history-matching of the facies models shows a good estimation and uncertainty quantification of facies distribution, a good data match and prediction capabilities.

关键词： Element free Galerkin (EFG) Adaptive pluri-Gaussian simulation (APS) Facies distribution estimation Ensemble smoother with multiple data assimilation (ESMDA)

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