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Otolaryngology residency program factors associated with female resident representation

World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-head and neck surgery 2024年第1期10卷 7-11页

作者： Julia E.Canick James C.Campbell Charles R.Woodard Lars J.Grimm Alissa M.Collins Duke University School of Medicine DurhamNorth CarolinaUSA department of head and neck surgery&Communication Sciences Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA department of Radiology Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA

Objective:Female representation in the field of otolaryngology is lacking.Residency is the first point at which medical school graduates specialize in a chosen field and thus represents an opportunity to recruit and train more female otolaryngologists.This study sought to identify program factors associated with greater female representation among resident physicians.Methods:departmental websites of all 124 otolaryngology residency programs in the United States and Puerto Rico were examined for a list of residents.For programs with a resident roster available,the genders of residents,faculty,program directors,and chairpersons were recorded.Location and city population for each program was also recorded,as was female resident representation.Programs were compared using Pearson Chi‐squared univariate tests.Results:1,632 residents and 2,605 faculty were included in the analysis of 109 programs.The median female resident representation was 40%.Programs with larger faculty sizes,more female faculty,and urban location were associated with an above‐median female resident representation.Programs with a larger residency cohort approached significance regarding above‐median female resident representation.Higher female faculty representation,program director gender,chairperson gender,and US region were not associated with variation in female resident representation.Conclusions:Greater female otolaryngology residency representation was associated with programs having an urban location and greater numbers of female and total faculty.It was also likely that a larger resident cohort size may affect female resident representation.The proportions of female faculty,program director,and chairperson gender,as well as the US region,were not associated with variation in female resident gender representation.

关键词： gender program director recruitment residency training

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Recent advances in the application of MXenes for neural tissue engineering and regeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第2期19卷 258-263页

作者： Menghui Liao Qingyue Cui Yangnan Hu Jiayue Xing Danqi Wu Shasha Zheng Yu Zhao Yafeng Yu Jingwu Sun Renjie Chai State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryZhongda HospitalSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyAdvanced Institute for Life and HealthJiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical ResearchSoutheast UniversityNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration Nantong UniversityNantongJiangsu ProvinceChina department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan ProvinceChina First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University SuzhouJiangsu ProvinceChina department of Otolaryngology-head and neck surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of USTCDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui ProvinceChina department of Otolaryngology head and neck surgery Sichuan Provincial People’s HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduSichuan ProvinceChina Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina

Transition metal carbides and nitrides(MXenes)are crystal nanomaterials with a number of surface functional groups such as fluorine,hydroxyl,and oxygen,which can be used as carriers for proteins and drugs.MXenes have excellent biocompatibility,electrical conductivity,surface hydrophilicity,mechanical properties and easy surface modification.However,at present,the stability of most MXenes needs to be improved,and more synthesis methods need to be explored.MXenes are good substrates for nerve cell regeneration and nerve reconstruction,which have broad application prospects in the repair of nervous system injury.Regarding the application of MXenes in neuroscience,mainly at the cellular level,the long-term in vivo biosafety and effects also need to be further explored.This review focuses on the progress of using MXenes in nerve regeneration over the last few years;discussing preparation of MXenes and their biocompatibility with different cells as well as the regulation by MXenes of nerve cell regeneration in two-dimensional and three-dimensional environments in vitro.MXenes have great potential in regulating the proliferation,differentiation,and maturation of nerve cells and in promoting regeneration and recovery after nerve injury.In addition,this review also presents the main challenges during optimization processes,such as the preparation of stable MXenes and long-term in vivo biosafety,and further discusses future directions in neural tissue engineering.

关键词： hydrogels MXenes nerve regeneration neural cells neural stem cells organoids spiral ganglion neurons

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Laryngopharyngeal reflux disease:Updated examination of mechanisms,pathophysiology,treatment,and association with gastroesophageal reflux disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第16期30卷 2209-2219页

作者： Na Cui Ting Dai Yang Liu Ya-Yu Wang Jia-Yu Lin Qing-Fan Zheng Dong-Dong Zhu Xue-Wei Zhu department of Otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun 130033Jilin ProvinceChina department of Ultrasound China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun 130033Jilin ProvinceChina department of Gastroenterology China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun 130033Jilin ProvinceChina

Laryngopharyngeal reflux disease(LPRD)is an inflammatory condition in the laryngopharynx and upper aerodigestive tract mucosa caused by reflux of stomach contents beyond the esophagus.LPRD commonly presents with symptoms such as hoarseness,cough,sore throat,a feeling of throat obstruction,excessive throat mucus.This complex condition is thought to involve both reflux and reflex mechanisms,but a clear understanding of its molecular mechanisms is still lacking.Currently,there is no standardized diagnosis or treatment protocol.Therapeutic strategies for LPRD mainly include lifestyle modifications,proton pump inhibitors and endoscopic surgery.This paper seeks to provide a comprehensive overview of the existing literature regarding the mechanisms,pathophysiology and treatment of LPRD.We also provide an in-depth exploration of the association between LPRD and gastroesophageal reflux disease.

关键词： Laryngopharyngeal reflux Gastroesophageal reflux head neck surgery Laryngitis Otolaryngology

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Carrimycin ameliorates lipopolysaccharide and cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis in mice

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Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines 2024年第3期22卷 235-248页

作者： LAI Junzhong LIANG Jiadi CHEN Kunsen GUAN Biyun CHEN Zhirong CHEN Linqin FAN Jiqiang ZHANG Yong LI Qiumei SU Jingqian CHEN Qi LIN Jizhen The Cancer Center Fujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhou 350001China Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology Biomedical Research Center of South ChinaFujian Normal UniversityFuzhou 350117China The department of Otolaryngology Head&Neck SurgeryUniversity of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisMN 55455USA

Carrimycin(CA),sanctioned by China’s National Medical Products Administration(NMPA)in 2019 for treating acute bronchitis and sinusitis,has recently been observed to exhibit multifaceted biological activities,encompassing anti-inflammatory,antiviral,and anti-tumor properties.Despite these applications,its efficacy in sepsis treatment remains unexplored.This study introduces a novel function of CA,demonstrating its capacity to mitigate sepsis induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS)and cecal ligation and puncture(CLP)in mice models.Our research employed in vitro assays,real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR),and RNA-seq analysis to establish that CA significantly reduces the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines,namely tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),interleukin 1 beta(IL-1β),and interleukin 6(IL-6),in response to LPS stimulation.Additionally,Western blotting and immunofluorescence assays revealed that CA impedes Nuclear Factor Kappa B(NF-κB)activation in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells.Complementing these findings,in vivo experiments demonstrated that CA effectively alleviates LPS-and CLP-triggered organ inflammation in C57BL/6 mice.Further insights were gained through 16S sequencing,highlighting CA’s pivotal role in enhancing gut microbiota diversity and modulating metabolic pathways,particularly by augmenting the production of short-chain fatty acids in mice subjected to CLP.Notably,a comparative analysis revealed that CA’s anti-inflammatory efficacy surpasses that of equivalent doses of aspirin(ASP)and TIENAM.Collectively,these findings suggest that CA exhibits significant therapeutic potential in sepsis treatment.This discovery provides a foundational theoretical basis for the clinical application of CA in sepsis management.

关键词： Carrimycin Inflammation Lipopolysaccharide Cecal ligation and puncture Sepsis Gut microbiota

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Evaluating implicit gender bias at Canadian otolaryngology meetings through use of professional title

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-head and neck surgery 2024年第1期10卷 12-17页

作者： Kylen Van Osch Agnieszka Dzioba Khadija Ahmed Andrew MacDonald Jamila Skinner Harley Williams Julie E.Strychowsky M.Elise Graham department of Otolaryngology-head&neck surgery Schulich School of Medicine&DentistryWestern UniversityLondonOntarioCanada department of Otolaryngology London Health Sciences Centre Children's HospitalLondonOntarioCanada Faculty of Medicine Schulich School of Medicine&DentistryWestern UniversityLondonOntarioCanada

Objectives:Increasing numbers of women enter medical school annually.The number of female physicians in leadership positions has been much slower to equalize.There are also well‐documented differences in the treatment of women as compared to men in professional settings.Female presenters are less likely to be introduced by their professional title(“Doctor”)for grand rounds and conferences,especially with a man performing the introduction.This study reviewed the Canadian Society of Otolaryngology–head and neck surgery(CSOHNS)meetings from 2017 to 2020 to determine the proportion of presenters introduced by their professional title and whether this varied by gender.Methods:Recordings from CSOHNS meetings were reviewed and coded for introducer and presenter demographics,including leadership positions and gender.Chi‐squared tests of proportion and multivariate logistic regression was used to compare genders and identify factors associated with professional versus unprofessional forms of address.Results:No significant association was found between professional title use and introducer or presenter gender.Female presenters were introduced with professional title 69.6%of the time,while male presenters were introduced with professional title 67.6%of the time(P=0.69).Residents were introduced with a professional title with the most frequency(75.8%),while attending staff were introduced with a professional title with the least frequency(63.0%)(P=0.02).Conclusions:The lack of gender bias in speaker introductions at recent CSOHNS meetings demonstrates progress in achieving gender equity in medicine.Research efforts should continue to define additional forms of unconscious bias that may be contributing to gender inequity in leadership positions.

关键词： attitude of health personnel gender identity Otolaryngology women

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Congenital cholesteatoma of the middle ear-a report of 10 cases

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Journal of Otology 2007年第2期2卷 119-123页

作者： SHEN Wei-dong, HAN Wei-ju, YANG Shi-ming, DAI Pu, LIU Liang-fa, FENG Bo, WANG Jia-ling, ZHOU Qi-you, HAN Dong-yi department of Otolaryngology, head and neck surgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China 100853 department of Otolaryngology head and Neck Surgery PLA General Hospital Beijing China 100853

Objectives To study clinical, imaging features and treatment outcomes of congenital cholesteatoma of middle ear (CCME). Methods This is a retrospective review of 10 CCME cases selected from 952 cholesteatoma cases treated between January 1995 and December 2005 at the department of Otolaryngology-head and neck surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital. The main outcome measures were the site of origin, clinical features, surgical findings, imaging characteristics and hearing results. Results The mean age of the 10 patients was 16 years(ranged from 10 to 24 years), with 6 being older than 18 years. There were 7 males and 3 females. The average delay to diagnosis was longer than 2 years. The mean preoperative PTA was 55 dB HL, with a mean ABG of 45 dB. Typical cholesteatomas were seen behind the tympanic membrane in the superoposterior quadrant on otoscopy only in 2 patients. High resolution CT was completed in all patients. Most of the patients(8/10) were diagnosed with otosclerosis or ossicular abnormality before operation. All patients underwent a one-stage tympanoplasty following transmeatal explorative tympanotomy and complete cholesteatoma removal, except one, who underwent a CWU mastoidectomy due to extensive cholesteatoma involvement. The choleasteatoma lesion was confined to the superoposterior mesotympanum in all patients. The mean postoperative PTA was 20 dB HL. All patients were followed-up for at least 1.5 years postoperatively. Revision procedures were performed in 2 patients for hearing deterioration. No residual or recurrence of cholesteatoma was found. Conclusion CCME is a rare disease that often gets delayed diagnosis. Residual lesions and the prognosis mainly depend on the extent of the lesion.

关键词： congenital cholesteatoma middle ear surgery

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Laryngeal leiomyoma:A case report and review of literature

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第18期12卷 3529-3533页

作者： Yu Wu Jing-Man Li Tian-Jiao Zhang Xin Wang department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun 130000Jilin ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Leiomyomas(LMs)are mesenchymal tumors that arise from smooth muscle cells.LMs most commonly arise in organs with an abundance of smooth muscle such as the uterus and gastrointestinal tract.Conversely,LMs are rarely detected in the head and neck region.In this study,we report a rare case of laryngeal LM(LLM)and summarized the clinical characteristics of reported LLMs to help clinicians better understand this rare disease and improve its diagnosis,treatment,and postoperative course.CASE SUMMARY A 49-year-old man was admitted to our ENT outpatient clinic with a chief complaint of pharynx discomfort for 2 months.Laryngoscopy performed under topical anesthesia revealed a solitary,pink mass at the tubercle of epiglottis.surgery via laryngeal endoscopy was performed under general anesthesia,and the lesion was excised easily.Positive immunohistochemical staining for desmin and smooth-muscle actin indicated a smooth muscle origin and the diagnosis was laryngeal leiomyoma.After surgery,the patient’s condition was stable,and he was discharged 2 d after surgery.During the 1-year postoperative period,the patient’s condition remained stable without evidence of recurrence.CONCLUSION Surgical resection is the preferred treatment for LLMs,its early diagnosis and differential diagnosis have important clinical significance.

关键词： Leiomyoma Larynx Smooth tumor Endoscopic surgery Case report

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Myosin-7A Mutation Screening in Patients with Prelingual Non-Syndromic Hearing Impairment

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Journal of Otology 2006年第2期1卷 103-106页

作者： HU Peng1, XIE Ding-hua1, XIAO Zi-an1, ZHU Gang-hua1, WU Weijing1, CHEN Yong2, XIA Kun2 1. department of Otolaryngology and head & neck surgery of The Second Xiangya Hospital, and Hearing Research Insititute 2. National Laboratory of Medical Genetics , Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China department of Otolaryngology and head & neck surgery of The Second Xiangya Hospital， and Hearing Research Insititute

Objective To screen for mutations in myosin-7A gene(MYO7A) in patients with prelingual nonsyndromic hearing impairment. Methods 31 sporadic patients with congenital hearing impairment and 65 patients from 34 families with prelingual hereditary hearing impairment in China were tested in this study, and 100 hearing normal individuals were used as control. Genomic DNA isolated from whole blood of all subjects was subjected to polymerase chain reaction(PCR) to amplify selected exons of MYO7A gene. The PCR products were subsequently screened using single strand conformational polymorphism analysis(SSCP) and direct sequencing when the fragments showed an abnormal electrophoretic pattern. Results GgA transition at position 617 in exon 7, which would produce an A206G amino acid substitution, was detected in two patients but in none of the unaffected members in the families. This heterozygous missense mutation happened within a highly conserved heptapeptide sequence of MYO7A protein, and is closely relevant to preligual nonsyndromic deafness. Conclusions The A206G substitution is possibly a new mutation to cause preligual nonsyndromic hearing impairment. Our results provide evidence that exon 7 of MYO7A is a mutational hotspot in genetic hearing impairment.

关键词： gene mutation preligual hearing impairment myosin

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Immediate implantation of ultrafine fiber slow-release system based on cell electrospinning to induce osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells

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Regenerative Biomaterials 2024年第2期3卷 76-87页

作者： Tao Lu Long Yang Zhuoyang Li Yin Liu Shun'en Xu Chuan Ye department of Orthopaedics The Affliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang 550004China department of Orthopaedics The First People's Hospital of GuiyangGuiyang 550004China Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Research Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang 550004China department of Otolaryngology head and neck surgery Xinqiao HospitalArmy Medical University(Third Military Medical University)Chongqing 400037China department of Dental implant Stomatological Hospital of GuiyangGuiyang 550000China

This study presents the development and evaluation of a poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate)(P34HB)ultrafine fiber slow-release system for in vivo osteogenic induction of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells(HUCMSCs).Utilizing dual-nozzle and cell electrospinning techniques,the system encapsulates L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate magnesium(AsP),βB-glycerophosphate sodium and dexamethasone(DEX)within the'fbers,ensuring sustained osteogenic differentiation.The scaffold's morphology,characterization,hydrophilicity,mechanical properties and cellular behavior were examined.Immediate subcutaneous implantation in rabbits was con-ducted to observe its ectopic osteogenic induction effect.Successfully fabricated P34HB ultrafine fiber slow-release sys-tem.Charact ization med.theuniform distribution of HUCMSCs and inducing components within the scaffold,with no chemical reactions affecting the active components.In vitro tests showcased a prolonged release of DEX and ASP,while biocompatibility assays highlighted the scaffold's suitability for cellular growth.Alizarin Red,type I collagen,and osteopontin(OPN)staining verifed the scaffold's potent osteogenic induction effect on HUCMsCs.Notably,immediate implantation into New Zealand White rabbits led to significant new bone formation within 8 weeks.These findings underscore the system's potential for immediate in vivo implantation without prior in vitro induction,marking a promising advancement in bone tissue engineering.

关键词： bone tissue engineering cell electrospinning in vivo induction immediate implantation biomaterials

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Management of endolymphatic sac tumors:a case series report

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Journal of Otology 2009年第2期4卷 119-123页

作者： HUANG De-liang, YUAN Yong-yi, HAN Dong-yi, SHEN Wei-dong, LIU Jun, LI Qi department of Otolaryngology-head and neck surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China department of Otolaryngology – head and neck surgery Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing 100853 China

Objective To study clinical characteristics of endolymphatic sac tumor (ELST) and its diagnosis and treatment. Methods ELST was diagnosed in 6 cases based on surgical and histological findings. These cases were reviewed for their clinical manifestations, differential diagnosis and surgical treatment techniques. Results There were 1 male and 5 females in this group, aged from 28 to 59 years (mean age=38.7 years). The tumor was in left ear in 4 cases and in right ear in the other 2 cases. Disease courses ranged from 5 to 30 years (mean duration=12.6 years). Clinical presentations included sensorineural hearing loss (n=4), otorrhea and tinnitus (n=2), tinnitus and facial spasm(n=1), otorrhea with facial paralysis(n=1), and hearing loss with tinnitus (n=2). None of the cases was diagnosed as ELST preoperatively. Two cases were misdiagnosed as glomus jugulare tumor, 2 as chronic suppurative otitis media, 1 as sweat gland adenoma on biopsy and 1 as temporal bone tumor. Tumors were surgically resected in all 6 cases via the mastoidectomy (n=2) or combined oto-cervical or cranio-oto-cervical approaches(n=4). Postoperative cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea occurred in 1 case. The tumors were confirmed on histological examination to be a low -grade adenocarcinoma. All patients have survived at the time of this paper. Conclusion ELST is rare and commonly misdiagnosed and inadequately treated. Its prognosis is relatively favorable because of its slow growth rate.

关键词： Endolymphatic sac neoplasm

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