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Efficiency-based Pareto Optimization of Building Energy Consumption and Thermal Comfort:A Case Study of a Residential Building in Bushehr,Iran

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第3期33卷 1037-1054页

作者： Masoud NASOURI Navid DELGARM department of Environment University of TehranAras International CampusP.O.Box ***TehranIran department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Malek-Ashtar University of TechnologyP.O.Box 83145/115IsfahanIran

In Iran,the intensity of energy consumption in the building sector is almost 3 times the world average,and due to the consumption of fossil fuels as the main source of energy in this sector,as well as the lack of optimal design of buildings,it has led to excessive release of toxic gases into the environment.This research develops an efficient approach for the simulation-oriented Pareto optimization(SOPO)of building energy efficiency to assist engineers in optimal building design in early design phases.To this end,EnergyPlus,as one of the most powerful and well-known whole-building simulation programs,is combined with the Multi-objective Ant Colony Optimization(MOACO)algorithm through the JAVA programming language.As a result,the capabilities of JAVA programming are added to EnergyPlus without the use of other plugins and third parties.To evaluate the effectiveness of the developed method,it was performed on a residential building located in the hot and semi-arid region of Iran.To obtain the optimum configuration of the building under investigation,the building rotation,window-to-wall ratio,tilt angle of shading device,depth of shading device,color of the external walls,area of solar collector,tilt angle of solar collector,rotation of solar collector,cooling and heating setpoints of heating,ventilation,and air conditioning(hvac)system are chosen as decision variables.Further,the building energy consumption(BEC),solar collector efficiency(SCE),and predicted percentage of dissatisfied(PPD)index as a measure of the occupants'thermal comfort level are chosen as the objective functions.The single-objective optimization(SO)and Pareto optimization(PO)are performed.The obtained results are compared to the initial values of the basic model.The optimization results depict that the PO provides optimal solutions more reliable than those obtained by the SOs,owing to the lower value of the deviation index.Moreover,the optimal solutions extracted through the PO are depicted in the form of Pareto fronts.Eventually,the Linear Prog

关键词： building energy consumption thermal comfort collector efficiency simulation-oriented pareto optimization

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Modeling the performance of air filters for cleanrooms using lattice Boltzmann method

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Building Simulation 2021年第2期14卷 317-324页

作者： Bin Zhou Xiao Wu Long Chen Jia-Qi Fan Lan Zhu department of hvac College of Urban ConstructionNanjing Tech University211816NanjingChina National Air Cleaner&Gas Detect Production Quality Supervision and Inspection Center(Jiangsu) SuzhouChina

Air filters with a low resistance,high filtration efficiency,and long lifetime are important to ensure good indoor air quality.In this study,the lattice Boltzmann method is applied on six types of fibrous filter media with lognormal-distribution models,which consider the influence of the solid fraction,number of fibers,and average fiber diameter.The influences of the filtration velocity and fiber layout on the resistance,efficiency,and quality factor are discussed.The resistance is found to be relatively low when the solid fraction inside the filter media is uniformly distributed.The filter media with a random lognormal-distribution model demonstrated the best filtration performance in terms of quality factor.However,when the solid fraction is uniform along the thickness of the filter media,the comprehensive filtration performance is the best when a small fiber is near the inlet and a large one is close to the outlet.This study provides a viable numerical method for performance optimization of air-filtration devices for the next-generation cleanroom industry.

关键词： LBM resistance filtration efficiency numerical simulation quality factor

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Using CONTAM to design ventilation strategy of negative pressure isolation ward considering different height of door gaps

Energy and Built Environment

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Energy and Built Environment 2024年第1期5卷 32-45页

作者： Mingyao Ma Changsheng Cao Yukun Xu Zhijian Liu Lingjie Zeng Chengquan Zhang Jun Gao School of Mechanical Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China department of Power Engineering North China Electric Power UniversityBaodingHebei 071003China College of Civil Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China

Infectious disease departments in hospitals require pressure gradient to create unidirectional airflow to prevent the spread of contaminants,typically by creating active air infiltration through the difference between supply and exhaust air volumes.The door gap is the channel of air flow between rooms,so its height has an important influence on the pressure difference and infiltration air volume of the room.There is still a lack of research on setting reasonable ventilation strategies according to the different heights of door gaps at different positions in the building.In this study,model of a set of isolation wards was established and analyzed using the multi-zone simulation software CONTAM,and the ventilation strategies with different heights of door gaps were applied to the actual infection diseases department.The results show that in a building with ventilation system divided by functional area,the difference in the height of the door gaps requires different active infiltration air volumes.Pressure fluctuations in the medical and patient corridors are greater than in other rooms.The significance of this study is to understand the active infiltration of air to guide the design and operation of ventilation systems in infectious disease hospitals or building remodeled to isolate close contacts of COVID-19 patients.It is also instructive for the design of pressure gradients in clean workshops,biological laboratories,and other similar buildings.

关键词： Door gap height Active infiltration Pressure gradient Multizone model CONTAM Control strategy

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Electrochromism-induced adaptive fresh air pre-handling system for building energy saving

Energy and Built Environment

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Energy and Built Environment 2024年第2期5卷 300-308页

作者： Dikai Xu Mingfeng Sheng Xinpeng Zhao Hua Qian Wenqing Liang Xiaohong Zheng Dongliang Zhao School of Energy and Environment Southeast UniversityNanjingJiangsu 210096China Lyles School of Civil Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907USA department of Mechanical Engineering University of Colorado BoulderBoulderCO 80309USA

Building fresh air supply needs to meet certain regulations and fit people’s ever-growing indoor air quality de-mand.However,fresh air handling requires huge energy consumption that goes against the goal of net-zero energy buildings.Thus,in this work,an adaptive fresh air pre-handling system is designed to reduce the cool-ing and heating loads of hvac system.The sky-facing surface of the system uses electrochromic mechanism to manipulate the optical properties and thus make full use of solar energy(solar heating)and deep space cold source(radiative cooling)by switching between heating and cooling modes.In the cooling mode,the sky-facing surface shows a transmittance of down to zero,while the reflectance is high at 0.89 on average.In the heating mode,the electrochromic glass is highly transparent,allowing the sunlight to reach the solar heat absorber.To obtain the energy-saving potential under different climates,six cities were selected from various climate regions in China.Results show that the adaptive fresh air pre-handling system can be effective in up to 55.4%time of a year.The maximum energy-saving ratios for medium office,warehouse,and single-family house can reach up to 11.52%,26.62%,and 18.29%,respectively.In addition,the system shows multi-climate adaptability and broad application scenarios,making it a potential solution to building energy saving.

关键词： Adaptive fresh air pre-handling Electrochromism Radiative sky cooling Solar air heating Building energy saving

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Evaluating different levels of information on the calibration of building energy simulation models

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Building Simulation 2024年第4期17卷 657-676页

作者： Siyu Cheng Zeynep Duygu Tekler Hongyuan Ji Wenxin Li Adrian Chong department of the Built Environment College of Design and EngineeringNational University of Singapore4 Architecture DriveSingapore117566Singapore School of Civil Engineering and Architecture Chongqing University of Science and TechnologyChongqing401331China School of Energy and Environment Southeast UniversityNanjing210096China

A poorly calibrated model undermines confidence in the effectiveness of building energy simulation, impeding the widespread application of advanced energy conservation measures (ECMs). Striking a balance between information-gathering efforts and achieving sufficient model credibility is crucial but often obscured by ambiguities. To address this gap, we model and calibrate a test bed with different levels of information (LOI). Beginning with an initial model based on building geometry (LOI 1), we progressively introduce additional information, including nameplate information (LOI 2), envelope conductivity (LOI 3), zone infiltration rate (LOI 4), AHU fan power (LOI 5), and hvac data (LOI 6). The models are evaluated for accuracy, consistency, and the robustness of their predictions. Our results indicate that adding more information for calibration leads to improved data fit. However, this improvement is not uniform across all observed outputs due to identifiability issues. Furthermore, for energy-saving analysis, adding more information can significantly affect the projected energy savings by up to two times. Nevertheless, for ECM ranking, models that did not meet ASHRAE 14 accuracy thresholds can yield correct retrofit decisions. These findings underscore equifinality in modeling complex building systems. Clearly, predictive accuracy is not synonymous with model credibility. Therefore, to balance efforts in information-gathering and model reliability, it is crucial to (1) determine the minimum level of information required for calibration compatible with its intended purpose and (2) calibrate models with information closely linked to all outputs of interest, particularly when simultaneous accuracy for multiple outputs is necessary.

关键词： calibration building energy simulation(BES) energy conservation measure(ECM) level of information field measurements

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A Novel Technology for Generation of Electricity and Cold by Using Energy Potential of Transmission Line＇s High Pressure Gas

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Journal of Energy and Power Engineering 2015年第10期9卷 852-859页

作者： Zohrab Melikyan hvac department National University of Architecture and Construction of Armenia Yerevan 0009 Armenia

The main objective of this paper is to develop a novel technology for combined generation of electricity and cold by using energy potential of transmission line"s high pressure gas. For this purpose, the reduction of high pressure of the gas in gas distribution station instead of useless expansion throttling process is suggested to realize by adiabatic expansion, which is executed in a gas expanding turbine. Herewith, the gas distribution station is turned into energy and cold generating plant. Simultaneous operation of energy and cold generating plant is described. A method and appropriate formulas for determination of design characteristics of considered plant are suggested. А new method for reveres order of calculation and design of the cold store based on the use of expanded cold gas as cooling agent is developed. Calculations and analysis prove high energy efficiency of suggested technology, the wide use of which will provide significant production of cheap electricity and cold and as well as reduction of fossil fuel consumption.

关键词：高压气体发电厂技术能量输电线路绝热膨胀能源效率气体膨胀

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Analysis of internal Heat Exchanger for Heat Pump System Using CO2

Analysis of internal Heat Exchanger for Heat Pump System Usi...

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第二届亚洲制冷空调大会

作者： Ook Joong Kim Yoo Yil Kim Yong Ju Hong Kong Hoon Lee hvac & Cryogenic Group Thermo-Fluid System Department 171 Jang-Dong Yusong-Gu Daejon 305-343 Korea

Analysis of internal heat exchanger for a CO heat pump system was performed using a finite elementapproach. Appropriate heat transfer correlation equations and the number of finite elements were determinedby comparing the calculation results with the experiment results from previous research. An internal heatexchanger using three tubes welded each other was suggested and designed. The performance characteristicssuch as heat transfer rate, effectiveness and pressure drop according to the variations of design parameters andoperating conditions were investigated. Not only operation conditions such as mass flow rate and inletpressure but also design parameters such as tube length, tube material and contact resistance can affect theinternal heat exchanger performance. Arrangement of tubes, counter or parallel, also brings significantperformance difference at the same operation condition.

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Effect of the Mixing Structure Parameters of a Self-reflux Burner on Combustion Characteristics and NO_(x)Emission

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Journal of Thermal Science 2021年第4期30卷 1224-1236页

作者： XU Qian SHEN Meng SHI Kejian LIU Zhihui AKKURT Nevzat XIONG Yaxuan LIU Lin FENG Junxiao WANG Jiulong School of energy and environmental engineering Shunde Graduate SchoolUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction for Metallurgical Industry Beijing 100083China department of Mechanical Engineering Munzur UniversityTunceli 62000Turkey Key Laboratory of hvac Beijing University of Civil Engineering and ArchitectureBeijing 100044China School of Mathematics and Physics University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China department of Big Data Technology and Application Development Computer Network Information CenterChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

To solve the problem of low efficiency of NO_(x)emission reduction in self-reflux burners,this study is based on the concept of coordinated control of self-reflux burner structural and thermal parameters.After completing the structural design and optimization of thermal parameters,we continue to adjust the two key structural parameters:the nozzle axis distance and the length of the cylindrical section,to minimize NO_(x)emissions.These are the two parameters that chiefly affect the mixing of flue gas and fuel gas.The results show that increasing nozzle axis distance can delay the mixing of gas and air and create a more uniform oxygen concentration field for the combustion process.The maximum combustion temperature is reduced from 1973.65 K to 1935.88 K and the volume fraction of NO_(x)in the flue gas is reduced from 188.08×10^(–6)to 143.47×10^(–6).However,compared with the nozzle axis distance,the length of the cylindrical section of the burner has little effect on the mixing of the flow field.Under different cylindrical section lengths,the maximum combustion temperature does not change more than 3 K,and the volume fraction of NO_(x)in the flue gas changes within 5×10~(–6).

关键词： self-reflux structure structural parameter control thermal parameter combustion characteristic NO_(x)emission

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Experimental and numerical investigation of gas diffusion under an urban underground construction

能源与人工环境(英文)

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能源与人工环境(英文) 2021年第4期2卷 436-444页

作者： Kang Zhou Fei Li Hao Cai Yibin Yang Fusheng Peng Li Chen Junyi Zhuang department of hvac College of Urban ConstructionNanjing Tech UniversityNanjing 210009P R China Engineering Research Center of Safety and Protection of Explosion&Impact of Ministry of Education Southeast UniversityNanjing 211189P R China College of National Defense Engineering Army Engineering UniversityNanjing 210007P R China PLA Unit 96784 LuoyangHenan 471399P R China

Rapid increase of urban underground constructions has a great consideration of underground environment safety and how to expel toxic gasses out of tunnels effectively.The utility tunnel is a typical urban tunnel construction with multiple underground pipelines including gas pipelines,and it is necessary to investigate characteristic of gas diffusion and monitor gas leakage to ensure tunnel safety.In this study,the experimental measurements of airflow and gas distributions were conducted in a 10 m full-scaled utility tunnel mockup,and gas diffusion characteristic was also investigated.Numerical simulation of utility tunnel leakage was also conducted by computational fluid dynamics(CFD).Different turbulence models and different air supply diffuser models were compared via the experimental results based on visualization and the relative root-mean-square error(RRMSE)index,which quan-titated the difference between the numerical and experimental results.The results showed that the standard k−εturbulence model and random air opening model could provide better results than other models.According to the experimental data analysis,it was necessary to consider the optimization of monitoring detector arrangements in actual utility tunnels.This study provided basic experimental data and the validated numerical model for the leakage source identification and underground tunnels simulation research.

关键词： Urban tunnel Gas leakage Gas dispersion CFD Turbulence model Air supply diffuser

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Synthesis and Characterization of Disodium Hydrogen Phosphate Dodecahydrate-Lauric-Palmitic Acid Used for Indoor Energy Storage Floor Units

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Journal of Thermal Science 2020年第2期29卷 477-485页

作者： XU Qian AKKURT Nevzat ZOU Zhenwei LIU Yang FENG Junxiao YU Chuqiao DING Chong XIONG Yaxuan ZHOU Jingzhi ZANG Yong DING Yulong School of Energy and Environmental Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China department of Mechanical Engineering Munzur UniversityTunceli 62000Turkey School of Information and Electronics Communication and Information SystemBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China School of Mathematics Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024China Key Laboratory of hvac Beijing University of Civil Engineering and ArchitectureBeijing 100044China Institute of Engineering Thermophysics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Mechanical Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

Organic and inorganic phase change materials(PCMs) are considered potential materials for thermal energy storage(TES) with different phase change characteristics. In this study, a novel organic-inorganic composite phase change material(PCM) called disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate-lauric-palmitic acid(D-LA-PACM) was prepared. Expanded graphite(EG) was selected as the support material, and the novel organic-inorganic form-stable PCM called D-LA-PAPCM/EG was prepared using the vacuum adsorption method. Differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, leakage testing, melting and solidification cycle testing, thermal conductivity testing, scanning electron microscopy observation of the micromorphology, and other characterization methods were used to study the microstructure and morphology, thermal physical parameters, thermal conductivity, stability of the PCMs, and the comprehensive material properties of D-LA-PAPCM under the composite action of EG. Results indicated that the melting and freezing temperatures and latent heats of D-LA-PAPCM/EG were measured to be 31.6℃ and 34.3℃ and 142.9 and 142.8 J/g, respectively. Although some of the lauric-palmitic acid(LA-PA) and disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate(DHPD) separated in the multiple porous structures of EG after 1000 cycles, they could still absorb and release latent heats independently, with D-LA-PAPCM/EG still exhibiting good thermal stability. The thermal conductivity of D-LA-PAPCM/EG was 1.361 W/(m·K). Therefore, the material and thermal properties of the prepared D-LA-PAPCM/EG indicate that it could be well used as a feasible material for energy-saving phase change floor units in indoor TES systems.

关键词： organic-inorganic PCM form-stable PCM thermal property energy storage

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