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Resident immune responses to spinal cord injury:role of astrocytes and microglia

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第8期19卷 1678-1685页

作者： Sydney Brockie Cindy Zhou Michael G.Fehlings Division of Genetics and development Krembil Research InstituteUniversity Health NetworkTorontoONCanada Institute of Medical Science University of TorontoTorontoONCanada Division of Neurosurgery and Spine Program Department of SurgeryUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada

Spinal cord injury can be traumatic or non-traumatic in origin,with the latter rising in incidence and prevalence with the aging demographics of our *** r,as the global population ages,individuals with co-existent degenerative spinal pathology comprise a growing number of traumatic spinal cord injury cases,especially involving the cervical spinal *** makes recovery and treatment approaches particula rly challenging as age and comorbidities may limit regenerative *** these reasons,it is critical to better understand the complex milieu of spinal cord injury lesion pathobiology and the ensuing inflammatory *** review discusses microglia-specific purinergic and cytokine signaling pathways,as well as microglial modulation of synaptic stability and plasticity after ***,we evaluate the role of astrocytes in neurotransmission and calcium signaling,as well as their border-forming response to neural *** the inflammatory and reparative roles of these cells have eluded our complete understanding and remain key therapeutic targets due to their extensive structural and functional roles in the nervous *** advances have shed light on the roles of glia in neurotransmission and reparative injury responses that will change how interventions are *** key processes and existing knowledge gaps will allow future research to effectively target these cells and harness their regenerative potential.

关键词： astrocytes glial signaling microglia spinal cord injury synaptic transmission

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Understanding pediatric surgical needs in North Korea: a modeling analysis

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World Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2024年第1期7卷 47-53页

作者： Phillip J Hsu Sangchul Yoon Kee B Park University of Michigan Ann ArborMichiganUSA department of global health and Social Medicine Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA department of Medical Humanitiesand Social Sciences Yonsei University SeoulSouth Korea

Background Sixty-five percent of children worldwide lack access to surgical care,the majority of whom live in low-income and middle-income countries(LMiCs).Developing surgical infrastructure requires information on surgical need;however,this information is often limited in *** Korea(Democratic People's Republic of Korea,DPRK)has a low amount of publicly available ***,we analyzed available modeled data to understand the causes of pediatric deaths due to conditions treatable with surgery in *** We used World Bank data and models from the Institute for health Metrics and Evaluation to identify causes of pediatric deaths affecting pediatric patients(agehealthcare more efficiently than economic peers,DPRK may benefit from improvement in pediatric surgical *** availability of data and close international collaboration could be potential solutions to bridge this gap.

关键词： pediatric surgical injuries

Prevalence and intensity of urinary schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminths among women of reproductive age in Mwaluphamba,Kwale

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2024年第2期17卷 71-83页

作者： Samuel M.Ngui Joseph M.Mwangangi Joachim Richter Josephine W.Ngunjiri department of Biological Sciences University of EmbuKenya Medical Entomology Kenya Medical Research Institute(KEMRI)Center for Geographic Medicine Research Coast KilifiKenya Institute of International health Global Health CenterCharitéUniversity MedicineBerlinCorporate Member of Free University and Humboldt University and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany Swiss Tropical and Public health Institute BaselSwitzerland Tropical and Infectious Diseases Department of Biological sciencesUniversity of EmbuKenya

Objective:To assess the epidemiology of urinary schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis among women of reproductive age in Mwaluphamba,Kwale County,***:A community-based cross-sectional study design was employed to randomly sample 422 women of reproductive age(15-<50 years)from four villages in Mwaluphamba *** specimens were collected and examined using the Kato-Katz method,while filtration technique was used to analyze urine ***’sociodemographic details were obtained using a standardized ***:Urinary schistosomiasis prevalence was at 4.7%(20/422,95%CI 2.8%-6.9%)while the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminthiasis infection was 4.5%(19/422,95%CI 2.6%-6.7%).The infection intensities of urinary schistosomiasis among the study participants ranged from 1 to 120 eggs/10 mL of urine with median egg count of 18.45 eggs/10 *** patients were diagnosed with light infection,of 56.16 egg/gram and 48.48 egg/gram for Trichuris trichiura and hookworms,*** without latrines had 15.7 times higher risk of having urinary schistosomiasis compared to those with a ***,use of surface water(aOR=1.0,95%CI 0.2-1.4,P=0.010)and crossing the river to go to a place(aOR=1.1,95%CI 0.3-1.6,P=0.009)were statistically significant risk factors for getting urinary *** bivariable regression analysis,defecating around the water source(OR=4.3,95%CI 1.5-12.9)had a statistically significant association with the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminthiasis(P=0.008).Conclusions:This study has given an insight on the prevalence and intensity of urinary schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis in Mwaluphamba location that form a basis for strengthening the control and elimination programmes for these neglected tropical diseases.

关键词： Urinary schistosomiasis Prevalence Soiltransmitted helminths Mwaluphamba

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Oncology Research 2024年第2期32卷 421-432页

作者： SEUNG-HEE GWAK JUHYUN LEE EUNJI OH DOHYUN LEE WONSHIK HAN JONGMIN KIM KYONG-TAI KIM department of Life Sciences Pohang University of Science and TechnologyPohang37673Korea R&D Center NovMetaPharma Co.Ltd.Pohang37668Korea department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoul03080Korea Generative Genomics Research Center Global Green Research&Development CenterHandong Global UniversityPohang37554Korea

Genetic information is transcribed from genomic DNA to mRNA,which is then translated into threedimensional *** can undergo various post-transcriptional modifications,including RNA editing that alters mRNA sequences,ultimately affecting protein *** this study,RNA editing was identified at the 499th base(c.499)of human vaccinia-related kinase 2(VRK2).This RNA editing changes the amino acid in the catalytic domain of VRK2 from isoleucine(with adenine base)to valine(with guanine base).Isoleucine-containing VRK2 has higher kinase activity than the valine-containing VRK2,which leads to an increase in tumor cell *** we reported that VRK2 directly interacts with dystrobrevin-binding protein(dysbindin)and results in reducing its ***,we demonstrate that isoleucine-containing VRK2 decreases the level of dysbindin than valinecontaining *** interacts with cyclin D and thereby regulates its expression and *** reduction in the level of dysbindin by isoleucine-containing VRK2 further enhances the cyclin D expression,resulting in increased tumor growth and reduction in survival *** has also been observed that in patient samples,VRK2 level was elevated in breast cancer tissue compared to normal breast ***,the isoleucine form of VRK2 exhibited a greater increase in breast cancer ***,it is concluded that VRK2,especially dependent on the 167th variant amino acid,can be one of the indexes of tumor progression and proliferation.

关键词： VRK2 Kinase activity Breast cancer Tumor RNA editing Cell proliferation Cell growth

Individual and joint exposures to PMconstituents and mortality risk among the oldest-old in China

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Science China Life Sciences 2024年

作者： Yaqi Wang Yang Yuan Shaocai Mo Fang Wang Jing Wei Yao Yao Yi Zeng Yunquan Zhang Institute of Social development and health Management Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control School of Public Health Wuhan University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Bao'an District Songgang People's Hospital School of Public health Xuzhou Medical University department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center University of Maryland College Park China Center for health development Studies Peking University Center for healthy Aging and development Studies National School of Development Peking University

Cohort evidence linking long-term survival of older adults with exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) constituents remains scarce in *** constructing a dynamic cohort based on the Chinese Longitudinal healthy Longevity Study,we aimed to assess the individual and joint associations of major PM2.5constituents with all-cause death in Chinese oldest-old （≥80 years） ***-dependent Cox proportional hazards models were adopted to estimate death risks of long-term exposure to *** 14,884 participants,totaling 56,342 person-years of follow-up,12,346 deaths were *** highest mortality risk associated with an interquartile range（IQR） increase in exposure was 1.081 （95%confidence interval[CI]:1.055–1.108） for sulfate (IQR=4.1μg m–3),followed by 1.078 （95%CI:1.056–1.101） for black carbon (IQR=1.6μg m–3),1.056 （95%CI:1.028–1.084） for ammonium (IQR=3.2μg m–3),1.050 （95%CI:1.021–1.080） for nitrate (IQR=5.8μg m–3),and 1.049 （95%CI:1.024–1.074） for organic matter (IQR=10.3μg m–3).In joint exposure,each IQR-equivalent rise of all five PM2.5constituents was associated with an 8.2%（95%CI:4.0%–12.6%） increase in mortality *** weight analysis indicated the predominant role of sulfate and black carbon in driving PM2.5-related *** （aged 80–89 years） and rural dwellers were at significantly greater risk of mortality from individual and joint exposures to *** study suggests that later-life exposure to PM2.5constituents,particularly sulfate and black carbon,may curtail long-term survival of the oldest-old in China.

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A Modeling Study Recurrent Tuberculosis Towards End TB Strategy—China,2025-2035

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China CDC weekly 2024年第35期6卷 885-890页

作者： Tao Li Xin Du Zhongwei Jia Yanlin Zhao department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijingChina Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention BeijingChina National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina Center for Intelligent Public health Institute for Artificial IntelligencePeking UniversityBeijingChina department of global health School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijingChina Center for Drug Abuse Control and Prevention National Institute of Health Data SciencePeking UniversityBeijingChina

Summary What is already known about this topic?The recurrence of tuberculosis(TB)following successful treatment presents a significant *** is added by this report?Achieving the global End TB Strategy milestones and targets with the current strategies in China is ***,interventions following recovery to prevent recurrence,in conjunction with preventive treatment for latent TB infection(LTBI),will aid in meeting these objectives.

关键词： Strategy tuberculosis treatment

Causal genetic regulation of DNA replication on immune microenvironment in colorectal tumorigenesis: Evidenced by an integrated approach of trans-omics and GWAS

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The Journal of Biomedical Research 2024年第1期38卷 37-50页

作者： Sumeng Wang Silu Chen Huiqin Li Shuai Ben Tingyu Zhao Rui Zheng Meilin Wang Dongying Gu Lingxiang Liu department of Oncology the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu 210029China department of Environmental Genomics Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer BiomarkersPrevention and TreatmentCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu 211166China department of Genetic Toxicology the Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of EducationCenter for Global HealthSchool of Public HealthNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu 211166China department of Biostatistics Center for Global HealthSchool of Public HealthNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu 211166China department of Oncology Nanjing First HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu 210006China.

The interplay between DNA replication stress and immune microenvironment alterations is known to play a crucial role in colorectal tumorigenesis,but a comprehensive understanding of their association with and relevant biomarkers involved in colorectal tumorigenesis is *** address this gap,we conducted a study aiming to investigate this association and identify relevant *** analyzed transcriptomic and proteomic profiles of 904 colorectal tumor tissues and 342 normal tissues to examine pathway enrichment,biological activity,and the immune ***,we evaluated genetic effects of single variants and genes on colorectal cancer susceptibility using data from genome-wide association studies(GWASs)involving both East Asian(7062 cases and 195745 controls)and European(24476 cases and 23073 controls)*** employed mediation analysis to infer the causal pathway,and applied multiplex immunofluorescence to visualize colocalized biomarkers in colorectal tumors and immune *** findings revealed that both DNA replication activity and the flap structure-specific endonuclease 1(FEN1)gene were significantly enriched in colorectal tumor tissues,compared with normal ***,a genetic variant rs4246215 G>T in FEN1 was associated with a decreased risk of colorectal cancer(odds ratio=0.94,95%confidence interval:0.90–0.97,P_(meta)=4.70×10^(-9)).Importantly,we identified basophils and eosinophils that both exhibited a significantly decreased infiltration in colorectal tumors,and were regulated by rs4246215 through causal pathways involving both FEN1 and DNA *** conclusion,this trans-omics incorporating GWAS data provides insights into a plausible pathway connecting DNA replication and immunity,expanding biological knowledge of colorectal tumorigenesis and therapeutic targets.

关键词： trans-omics DNA replication tumor immune microenvironment causal mediation colorectal tumorigenesis

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health Systems Strengthening to Tackle the global Burden of Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease: A Diagonal Approach

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Congenital Heart Disease 2024年第2期19卷 131-138页

作者： Dominique Vervoort Amy Verstappen Sreehari Madhavankutty Nair Chong Chin Eu Bistra Zheleva Institute of health Policy Management and EvaluationUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada Division of Cardiac Surgery University of TorontoTorontoCanada global Alliance for Rheumatic and Congenital Hearts PhiladelphiaUSA department of health Services Government of KeralaKeralaIndia Ministry of health PutrajayaMalaysia Children’s HeartLink MinneapolisUSA

1 Background Congenital heart disease(CHD)is the most common major congenital anomaly,affecting approximately one in every 100 live births[1].Among congenital anomalies,66%of preventable deaths are due to CHD,and 58%of the avertable morbidity and mortality due to congenital anomalies would result from scaling congenital heart surgery services[2].Every year,nearly 300,000 children and adults die from CHD,the majority of whom live in low-and middle-income countries(LMICs)[3].Approximately 49%of all individuals with CHD will require surgical or interventional care at some point in their lifetime[4];as a result of advances in access to and the delivery of such services,over 95%of children born with CHD in high-income countries now live into adulthood[3].Here,adults have surpassed children in the number of CHD cases at a ratio of 2:1[5].

关键词： Congenital heart disease pediatric heart disease global health health systems health policy

Benign stricture of bilioenteric anastomosis after Whipple withsynthetic polypropylene suture

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2024年第1期23卷 103-105页

作者： A Michael Devane Christine MG Schammel department of Radiology Prisma Health UpstateGreenvilleUSA department of Pathology Prisma Health UpstateGreenvilleUSA

To the Editor:Biliary stricture formation at the bilioenteric anastomosis is an infrequent complication(2%-3%)after pancreaticoduodenectomy;the average presentation is within 13-14 months(range from 1 month to 9 years)after surgery[1,2].While the etiology is unknown,development of biliary stricture has shown to be more likely if a bile leak occurs in the postoperative period[3,4]and with younger patients[5].

关键词： stricture anastomosis Whipple

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