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Glaucomatous optic neuropathy treatment options:the promise of novel therapeutics,techniques and tools to help preserve vision

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第7期13卷 1145-1150页

作者： Najam A.Sharif department of global Alliances & External Research Global Ophthalmology Research & DevelopmentSanten Incorporated department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Texas Southern University department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience University of North Texas Health Sciences Center department of Pharmacy Sciences Creighton University department of Surgery & Cancer Imperial College of Science and TechnologySt.Mary's Campus

Peripheral vision loss followed by ＂tunnel vision＂ and eventual irreversible blindness is the fate of patients afflicted by various forms of glaucoma including primary open-angle glaucoma（POAG） and normotensive glaucoma（NTG）.These complex and heterogeneous diseases are characterized by extensive death of retinal ganglion cells（RGCs） accompanied by retraction and severance of their axonal connections to the brain and thus damage to and thinning of the optic *** patients suffering from this glaucomatous optic neuropathy（GON） first notice visual impairment when they have lost 〉 40% of their RGCs,early diagnosis is the key to retard the progression of *** intraocular pressure（IOP）,low cerebrospinal and/or low intracranial fluid pressure,advancing age,and ethnicity are major risk factors associated with ***,retinal vascular abnormalities and a high sensitivity of RGCs and optic nerve head components to neurotoxic,inflammatory,oxidative and mechanical insults also contribute to vision loss in POAG/*** treatment modalities for POAG and NTG involve lowering IOP using topical ocular drugs,combination drug products,and surgical *** recently approved multi-pharmacophoric drugs（e.g.,rho kinase inhibitor,Netarsudil;a drug conjugate,Latanoprostene Bunod） and novel aqueous humor drainage devices（i Stent and Cy Pass） are also gaining acceptance for treating POAG/*** and regenerative agents,coupled with electroceutical,mechanical support systems,stem cell transplantation and gene therapy are emerging therapeutics on the horizon to help combat *** latter techniques and approaches hope to rejuvenate RGCs and repair the optic nerve structures,thereby providing a gain of function of the visual system for the glaucoma patients.

关键词： glaucoma ocular hypertension glaucomatous optic neuropathy drainage device optic nerve degeneration retinal ganglion cells nerve regeneration neuroprotection

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Crohn’s disease in low and lower-middle income countries: A scoping review

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第43期26卷 6891-6908页

作者： Ruma Rajbhandari Samantha Blakemore Neil Gupta Alma J Adler Christopher Allen Noble Sara Mannan Klejda Nikolli Alison Yih Sameer Joshi Gene Bukhman Division of global health Equity Department of MedicineBrigham and Women’s HospitalBostonMA 02115United States department of global health and Social Medicine Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02199United States Partners in health NCD SynergiesBostonMA 02199United States Western Reserve health Education Trumbull Regional Medical CenterWarrenOH 44483United States

BACKGROUND While Crohn’s disease has been studied extensively in high-income countries,its epidemiology and care in low and lower-middle income countries(LLMICs)is not well established due to a lack of disease registries and diagnostic *** To describe the published burden,diagnostic/treatment capacity,service utilization,challenges/barriers to individuals with Crohn’s in LLMICs and their *** We conducted a scoping review utilizing a full search strategy was developed and conducted in PubMed,Embase and World health Organization global Index *** independent reviewers screened the titles and abstracts of all of the publications found in this search,reviewed selected publications,and extracted relevant data,which underwent descriptive review and was analyzed in *** The database search yielded 4486 publications,216 of which were determined to be relevant to the research *** all 79 LLMICs,only 21(26.6%)have publications describing individuals with Crohn’***,the highest number of studies came from India,followed by Tunisia,and *** mean number of Crohn’s patients reported per study is 57.84 and the median is 22,with a wide range from one to *** This scoping review has shown that,although there is a severe lack of populationbased data about Crohn’s in LLMICs,there is a signal of Crohn’s in these settings around the world.

关键词： Crohn’s disease Low and lower-middle income countries Scoping review Service utilization Diagnostic/Treatment capacity

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Factors associated with the utilization of diagnostic tools among countries with different income levels during the COVID-19 pandemic

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global health Research and Policy 2023年第1期8卷 78-86页

作者： Shuduo Zhou Xiangning Feng Yunxuan Hu Jian Yang Ying Chen Jon Bastow Zhi-Jie Zheng Ming Xu department of global health School of Public HealthPeking University38 Xue Yuan RoadHaidian DistrictBeijing 100191China Institute for global health and Development Peking UniversityBeijingChina Independent Diagnostics and health Systems Expert GenevaSwitzerland

Background Disparities in the utilization of essential medical products are a key factor contributing to inequality in health *** aimed to analyze the trends and influencing factors in using Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)diagnostic tools and disparities in countries with different income *** We conducted a cross-sectional study using open and publicly available data *** were mainly collected from the Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics,"Our World in Data,"and the global Burden of Disease *** binomial regression model and generalized linear mixed model were employed to investigate into five sets of factors associated with the usage of diagnostics:severity of COVID-19,socioeconomic status,health status,medical service capacity,and rigidity of *** analysis was utilized to compare the relative importance of these *** Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition was used to decompose the difference in the usage of diagnostics between *** The total COVID-19 testing rate ranged from 5.13 to 22,386.63 per 1000 people from March 2020 to October 2022 and the monthly testing rate declined dramatically from January 2022 to October 2022(52.37/1000 vs 5.91/1000)..The total testing rate was primarily associated with socioeconomic status(37.84%),with every 1 standard deviation(SD)increase in Gross Domestic Product per capita and the proportion of people aged≥70,the total testing rate increased by 88%and 31%.And so is the medical service capacity(33.66%),with every 1 SD increase in health workforce density,the number increased by 38%.The monthly testing rate was primarily associated with socioeconomic status(34.72%)and medical service capacity(28.67%),and the severity of COVID-19(21.09%).The average difference in the total testing rates between high-income and low-income countries was 2726.59 per 1000 people,and 2493.43(91.45%)of the differences could be explained through the five sets of *** R

关键词： Diagnostic tools Utilization Disparity COVID-19 Pandemic

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Effect of high shear homogenization on quality characteristics of bael fruit pulp

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Food Quality and Safety 2022年第1期6卷 81-92页

作者： Meenatai G.Kamble Anurag Singh Pramod Kumar Prabhakar Murlidhar Meghwal Sukh Veer Singh Ajay V.Chinchkar department of Food Science and Technology National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management(NIFTEM)SonipatHaryana-131028India

Response surface methodology was used to investigate the influence of high shear homogenization speed(A:3000-12000 r/min)and processing time(B:30-120 min)on bael fruit pulp quality *** experimental results were best fitted in the suggested quadratic model to delineate and envision the responses in terms of color(values of L^(*),meaning brightness to blackness,1oo-0;a^(*),meaning green-a^(*)to red+a^(*);and b^(*),meaning blue-b^(*)to yellow+b),total soluble solids,ascorbic acid,viscosity,andβ-carotene content with the highest coefficients of determination(R2)ranging from 0.80 to ***(P<0.05)change in the L^(*)value,total soluble solids,ascorbic acid,andβ-carotene content was found with change in homogenization *** interaction effect of homogenization showed a significant difference in a^(*)value and total soluble solid content of the *** best homogenization conditions were determined via multiple response optimization as 10682 r/min speed and 43.18 min process *** quality parameters of the pulp at optimized conditions were observed as L^(*)15.35,a^(*)4.51,b^(*)10.25,ascorbic acid 18.64 mg/100 g,viscosity 5349 cP,andβ-carotene 4.14μg/100 *** addition,total phenolic content,flavonoid content,and antioxidant content of homogenized bael fruit pulp was found to significantly(P<0.05)increase from(83.76±1.24)to(119.21±1.35)mg gallic acid equivalent(GAE)/100 mL,(147.39±0.69)to(156.10±1.11)mg quercetin equivalent(QE)/100 mL,and(41.77%±0.60%)to(66.53%±0.41%),***,this strategy could be used in fruit processing industries to process highly fibrous fruits and nonuniform-textured fruit pulptoavoid sedimentation whileretaining functionality.

关键词： Aegle marmelos L. underutilized fruit viscosity bioactive compounds color values

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global health governance for travel health: lessons learned from thecoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreaks in large cruise ships

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global health Journal 2020年第4期4卷 133-138页

作者： Shuduo Zhou Lu Han Peilong Liu Zhi-Jie Zheng department of global health School of Public HealthPeking University38 Xueyuan RoadHaidian DistrictBeijing 100191China Institute for global health Peking University38 Xueyuan RoadHaidian DistrictBeijing 100191China

Background: The outbreak and global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) attracts a great deal ofattentions to the problem of travel health. Cruise tourism is increasingly popular, with an estimated 30 millionpassengers transported on cruise ships worldwide each year. Safeguarding the health of cruise travelers duringthe entire travel is of ultimate importance for both the industry and global public ***: This study aimed to explore the challenges and opportunities in travel health from the perspective ofglobal health ***: The global governance framework including problems, values, tools or regulations, and actors relatedto travel health were used to analyze the issues ***: Up to April 2020, nearly thirty cruise ship voyages reported COVID-19 cases. The Diamond Princess,Grand Princess and Ruby Princess cruise ship had over 1,400 total reported COVID-19 cases, and more than 30deaths. A community with a common future in travel health is the core value of global health governance fortravel health. The travel-related international regulations, including the International health Regulation (IHR[2005]), United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and the International Maritime Organization(IMO) conventions should be further updated to deal with the travel health problems. The roles andresponsibilities and the cooperation mechanisms of different actors are not clear in relation to the public healthemergencies during the ***: Travel health transcends national borders and involves multilevel actors, thus needs globalcooperation and governance. Regulations and legislation at global and country level are required to preventlarge-scale humanitarian crisis on travel health. Multilateral coordination, cooperation and collaborationmechanisms between governments, intergovernmental organizations, non-governmental organizations andindustry are needed to build a better community of common destiny for travel

关键词： Travel health Infectious diseases Governance global health Coronavirus disease 2019 COVID-19

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: how countries shouldbuild more resilient health systems for preparedness and response

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global health Journal 2020年第4期4卷 139-145页

作者： Zhebin Wang Yuqi Duan Yinzi Jin Zhi-Jie Zheng department of global health School of Public HealthPeking University38 Xueyuan RoadHaidian DistrictBeijing 100191China Institute for global health Peking University38 Xueyuan RoadHaidian DistrictBeijing 100191China

Objective: A resilient health system plays a crucial role in pandemic preparedness and response. Althoughthe World health Organization (WHO) has required all states parties to strengthen core capacities to respondto public health emergencies under the International health Regulations (2005), the actions of most countriesto combating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has showed that they are not well-prepared. This crosssectionalstudy aimed to examine the health system resilience of selected countries and analyze their strategiesand measures in response to the COVID-19 ***: This study selected five countries including the Iran, Japan, Republic of Korea (South Korea), the U.K.,and the U.S., based on the severity of the national epidemic, the geographical location, and the developmentlevel. Cumulative number of death cases derived from WHO COVID-19 dashboard was used to measure theseverity of the impact of the pandemic in each country;WHO State Parties Self-Assessment Annual Reporting (SPAR)Scores and global health Security (GHS) Index were applied to measure the national health system resilience;and research articles and press materials were summarized to identify the strategies and measures adopted bycountries during response to COVID-19. This study applied the resilient health systems framework to analyzehealth system resilience in the selected countries from five dimensions, including awareness, diversity, selfregulation,integration and ***: The SPAR Scores and GHS Index of the four developed countries, Japan, South Korea, the U.K. and theU.S. were above the global and regional averages;the SPAR Scores of Iran were above the global average whilethe GHI Index lain below the global average. In terms of response strategies, Japan, the U.K. and the U.S. investedmore health resources in the treatment of severe patients, while South Korea and Iran had adopted a strategyof extensive testing and identification of suspected patients. In terms o

关键词： Coronavirus disease 2019 COVID-19 Pandemic Resilient health systems Preparedness and response global health security health system strengthening

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Metabolomics in liver diseases: A novel alternative for liver biopsy?

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第1期16卷 12-16页

作者： Yasuo Tanaka department of Gastroenterology National Center for Global Health and MedicineTokyo 162-8655Japan

Hepatitis C virus(HCV)remains a significant public health problem as it can cause acute and chronic *** HCV infection is a major cause of liver fibrosis,and evaluation of liver fibrosis is essential because the prognosis of patients with chronic HCV infection is closely related to the stage of *** fibrosis is traditionally evaluated based on pathological analysis of biopsy specimens,which is considered the gold ***,liver biopsy is invasive and susceptible to sampling error and inter-and intraobserver variation in pathological interpretation;it is also ***,noninvasive diagnostic investigations have been developed,including the use of fibrotic markers,scoring systems based on routine blood tests,and transient elastography with magnetic resonance imaging or ***,metabolomics,an emerging technology,has been used to detect the fibrosis *** this editorial,I comment on the article titled“Metabolomics in chronic hepatitis C:Decoding fibrosis grading and underlying pathways”by Ferrasi et al published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Hepatology.I discuss previous studies on the use of metabolome analysis for the diagnosis of HCV-related liver fibrosis and the potential development of biopsy-free diagnostic techniques.

关键词： Metabolomics Hepatitis C virus Liver fibrosis Liver cirrhosis Serum biomarker

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Timing and secular trend of pubertal development in Beijing girls

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2014年第1期10卷 74-79页

作者： Fang-Fang Chen You-Fa Wang Jie Mi department of Epidemiology Capital Institute of PediatricsBeijingChina Johns Hopkins Global Center for Childhood ObesityDepartment of International HealthCenter for Human NutritionBloomberg School of Public HealthJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUSA

Background:Historical research is limited in changes in pubertal development in Chinese *** aimed to identify the timing of pubertal characteristics and the secular trend of menarche age among Beijing girls from the 1980s through the ***:Six data sets were analyzed,including the Beijing Child and Adolescent Metabolic Syndrome study in 2004,where 9778 Bejing girls aged 6–18 years were *** Fetal Origins of Adult Disease study provided retrospective menarche age from 1940 through *** four studies were conducted in Beijing to obtain supplementary information to assess secular trend in menarche *** regression method was used to analyze the ***:Among Beijing girls in 2004,the median age at menarche was 12.1 years,which was 0.6 years earlier in urban than in rural *** median age at Breast Tanner Stage 2 was 9.5±1.2 years,representing 9.4±1.1 years and 9.6±1.2 years for urban and rural girls,*** contrast,the median age at Pubic Hair Tanner Stage 2 was 11.1±1.1 years,representing 10.8±1.1 and 11.4±1.1 years for urban and rural girls,*** menarche age of urban girls decreased by 4.2 months per decade,and that of rural girls by 9.6 months per decade from 1980 to ***:Urban girls mature earlier than rural girls in Beijing.A secular trend towards earlier menarche was observed between the 1980s and the 2000s.

关键词： breast menarche puberty pubic hair

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Yield of tuberculosis among household contacts of tuberculosis patients in Accra,Ghana

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2018年第1期7卷 155-162页

作者： Sally-Ann Ohene Frank Bonsu Nii Nortey Hanson-Nortey Adelaide Sackey Samuel Danso Felix Afutu Paul Klatser Mirjam Bakker World health Organization Country Office 29 Volta Street AirportAirport Residential AreaP.O.Box MB 142AccraGhana National Tuberculosis Control Program AccraGhana department of global health Academic Medical CentreAmsterdam Institute of Global Health and DevelopmentAmsterdamThe Netherlands KIT health Royal Tropical Institute(KIT)AmsterdamThe Netherlands

Background:The End TB Strategy calls for systematic screening of selected high-risk groups including contacts of tuberculosis(TB)cases to facilitate early TB case *** investigation is not usually routinely practiced in low TB burden countries,such as Ghana,with consequent paucity of data on the yield of TB case detection from such *** study’s objective was to document the outcomes and feasibility of implementing contact investigation activities under programmatic conditions in ***:Retrospective analyses were conducted of abstracted data from the National TB Program,following a contact investigation intervention for TB cases diagnosed in 10 facilities in Accra from June 2010 to December *** proportions and yield from number of contacts needed to screen(NNS)and number needed to test(NNT)to detect a TB case were ***:Overall,out of the 8519 listed contacts of 3267 index cases,8166(96%)were screened and 614(7.5%)were identified as presumptive *** of these,438(71%)underwent sputum smear microscopy/evaluation and 53 TB cases were *** these,56.6%were males,and 49%had sputum smear-positive TB,38%had sputum smear-negative TB,and 7%had extra-pulmonary *** NNS and NNT to detect a TB case of all forms were 154 and 8,*** proportion of TB cases with contacts listed and proportion of contacts screened annually were 88-96%and 83-100%,*** proportion of presumptive TB cases tested and proportion of TB cases diagnosed among contacts tested that were 100%and 36%,respectively,in 2010 dropped to 40%and 14%,respectively,by ***:The study demonstrates that contact identification and prioritization components of a contact investigation were feasible,but overall yield of TB cases may have been lower due to the declining rate of clinical evaluation of presumptive TB contacts over *** barriers to accessing appropriate diagnostic tests may enhance yield from contact inves

关键词： Ghana Tuberculosis Tuberculosis contact investigation Screening

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Prevalence and outcomes of pediatric surgical conditions at Connaught Hospital in Freetown:a retrospective study

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World Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2023年第1期6卷 1-7页

作者： Henang Kwasau Juliana Kamanda Aiah Lebbie Cesia Cotache-Condor Pamela Espinoza Andie Grimm Naomi Wright Emily Smith department of Community health College of Medicine and Allied Health SciencesUniversity of Sierra LeoneFreetownSierra Leone department of Surgery Duke School of MedicineDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Duke global health Institute Duke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Duke Center for global Surgery and health Equity Duke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA department of Public health Baylor UniversityWacoTexasUSA King’s Centre for global health and health Partnerships King's College LondonLondonUK department of Emergency Medicine Duke School of MedicineDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA

Background Sub-Saharan Africa experiences a disproportionate amount of pediatric surgical disease,with 80%of children lacking access to timely,affordable,and safe surgical *** study aims to characterize the burden of disease and outcomes of pediatric surgical conditions at Connaught Hospital,the main pediatric referral hospital in Sierra *** This retrospective and hospital-based study included children up to 15 years old who were operated on between 2015 and June 2016 at Connaught Hospital in Freetown,Sierra *** and inferential statistics were used to characterize the distribution of disease and compare all variables against age category and *** A total of 215 patients were included in this study of which 72.5%(n=132)were male and 27.5%(n=50)were *** of the patients were diagnosed with congenital anomalies(60.9%;n=131).However,infection was the leading diagnosis(60.5%;n=23)among patients aged 5–10 years(n=38).Inguinal hernia was the leading condition(65.0%;n=85)among patients presenting with a congenital *** condition with the highest mortality was infections(17.0%;n=8),followed by other conditions(9.1%;n=2)and congenital anomalies(3.1%;n=4).Based on the results of this study,over 7000 children with inguinal hernias remain untreated annually in Freetown,Sierra *** This study quantifies the burden of surgical disease among children,a foundational step toward the prioritization of pediatric surgical care in national health agendas,the development of evidence-based interventions,and the strategic allocation of resources in Sierra Leone.

关键词： surgical pediatric mortality

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