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Hospitalizations and healthcare costs associated with serious, non-lethal firearm-related violence and injuries in the United States, 1998-2011

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Family Medicine and community health 2015年第2期3卷 8-19页

作者： Jason L.Salemi Vikas Jindal RoneéE.Wilson Mulubrhan F.Mogos Muktar H.Aliyu Hamisu M.Salihu department of Family and community Medicine Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA department of Occupational health Kaiser PermanenteLancasterCaliforniaUSA department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics College of Public HealthUniversity of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA department of community health Systems School of NursingIndiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA Vanderbilt Institute for global health Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA

Objective:To describe the prevalence,trends,correlates,and short-term outcomes of inpa-tient hospitalizations for firearm-related injuries(FRIs)in the United States between 1998 and ***:We conducted a retrospective,cross-sectional analysis of inpatient hospitalizations using data from the Nationwide Inpatient *** addition to generating national prevalence estimates,we used survey logistic regression to calculate odds ratios(ORs)and 95%confidence intervals(CIs)for the association between FRIs and patient/hospital-level ***-ral trends were estimated and characterized using joinpoint ***:There were 10.5 FRIs(95%CI:9.2-11.8)per 10,000 non-maternal/neonatal inpatient hospitalizations,with assault accounting for 60.1%of FRIs,followed by unintentional/accidental(23.0%)and intentional/self-inflicted FRIs(8.2%).The highest odds of FRIs,particularly FRIs associated with an assault,was observed among patients 18-24 years of age,patients 14-17 years of age,patients with no insurance/self-pay,and non-Hispanic *** mean inpatient length of stay for FRIs was 6.9 days;however,4.7%of patients remained in the hospital over 24 days and 1 in 12 patients(8.2%)died before *** mean cost of an inpatient hospitalization for a FRI was$22,149,which was estimated to be$679 million annually;approximately two-thirds of the annual cost(64.7%)was for assault($439 million).Conclusion:FRIs are a preventable public health issue which disproportionately impacts younger generations,while imposing significant economic and societal burdens,even in the ab-sence of *** of FRIs should be considered a priority in this era of healthcare cost containment.

关键词： Assault cost gunshot firearms hospitalization intentional injury

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Should,and how can,exercise be done during a coronavirus outbreak? An interview with *** ***

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Journal of Sport and health Science 2020年第2期9卷 105-107页

作者： Weimo Zhu department of Kinesiology and community health University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL 61801USA

The Coronavirus disease(COVID-19)crisis is now present in *** started in December,2019 and has,so far,led 213 individuals died and at least 9066 infected in China by local time 17:26,r January 30,*** has also spread to a number of Asian countries,as well as to Canada,France,Germany,and the United *** a result,the Chinese government has put several major cities in Hubei Province on lockdown and has thrown plans for the Lunar New Year holiday into chaos for millions of *** January 30,2020,the World health Organization also declared the COVID-19 outbreak a global health emergency because it could spread to countries that are not prepared.

关键词： China. interview Canada

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Prevalence and outcomes of pediatric surgical conditions at Connaught Hospital in Freetown:a retrospective study

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World Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2023年第1期6卷 1-7页

作者： Henang Kwasau Juliana Kamanda Aiah Lebbie Cesia Cotache-Condor Pamela Espinoza Andie Grimm Naomi Wright Emily Smith department of community health College of Medicine and Allied Health SciencesUniversity of Sierra LeoneFreetownSierra Leone department of Surgery Duke School of MedicineDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Duke global health Institute Duke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Duke Center for global Surgery and health Equity Duke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA department of Public health Baylor UniversityWacoTexasUSA King’s Centre for global health and health Partnerships King's College LondonLondonUK department of Emergency Medicine Duke School of MedicineDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA

Background Sub-Saharan Africa experiences a disproportionate amount of pediatric surgical disease,with 80%of children lacking access to timely,affordable,and safe surgical *** study aims to characterize the burden of disease and outcomes of pediatric surgical conditions at Connaught Hospital,the main pediatric referral hospital in Sierra *** This retrospective and hospital-based study included children up to 15 years old who were operated on between 2015 and June 2016 at Connaught Hospital in Freetown,Sierra *** and inferential statistics were used to characterize the distribution of disease and compare all variables against age category and *** A total of 215 patients were included in this study of which 72.5%(n=132)were male and 27.5%(n=50)were *** of the patients were diagnosed with congenital anomalies(60.9%;n=131).However,infection was the leading diagnosis(60.5%;n=23)among patients aged 5–10 years(n=38).Inguinal hernia was the leading condition(65.0%;n=85)among patients presenting with a congenital *** condition with the highest mortality was infections(17.0%;n=8),followed by other conditions(9.1%;n=2)and congenital anomalies(3.1%;n=4).Based on the results of this study,over 7000 children with inguinal hernias remain untreated annually in Freetown,Sierra *** This study quantifies the burden of surgical disease among children,a foundational step toward the prioritization of pediatric surgical care in national health agendas,the development of evidence-based interventions,and the strategic allocation of resources in Sierra Leone.

关键词： surgical pediatric mortality

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Positive Associations between Bilateral High-Frequency Hearing Loss and Hypertension Risk in Short-Term Occupational Noise Exposure

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2021年第12期34卷 992-997页

作者： JIN Nan ZHONG Hui Yun YUAN Fang DENG Hua Xin department of Occupational health and Radiation health Chongqing Center for Disease Control and PreventionChongqing 400042China Xiejiawan Street community health Service Center Chongqing 400042China

Noise is one of the most common occupational hazards worldwide[1], and millions of workers are exposed to harmful levels of noise in the workplace[2]. Noise-induced hearing loss(NIHL) is a leading cause of occupational and recreational injury and disease[3]. There is evidence that occupational noise exposure is also associated with other health effects, such as hypertension and cardiovascular diseases, digestive disorders, behavioral disorders.

关键词： occupational cardiovascular diseases

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Telehealth interventions for alcohol use disorder:A systematic review

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Liver Research 2022年第3期6卷 146-154页

作者： Arpad Kelemen Elizabeth Minarcik Christopher Steets Yulan Liang department of Organizational Systems and Adult health University of MarylandBaltimoreMDUSA department of Family and community health University of MarylandBaltimoreMDUSA

Alcohol use disorder(AUD)is a worldwide problem for individuals of varying ages and backgrounds and is associated with the underlying cause of alcoholic liver disease,liver cirrhosis,liver cancer,or many other common diseases and health *** treatments such as cognitive behavioral therapy(CBT)have been demonstrated as an evidence-based treatment to aid individuals struggling with ***,these treatments have excessive costs and time demand with trained *** this paper,we examine the efficacy and long-term impacts of digitally delivered CBT and other online telehealth tools and apps for AUD *** show the effectiveness in the ability of digitally delivered CBT to decrease alcohol use in AUD *** additional use of online technologies and smartphone apps for post-CBT care demonstrates that such computer-aided apps could have long-term effects when it is continually employed,which opens the door for AUD patients who were not seeking treatment *** longitudinal examination research is needed to evaluate the lasting effects in liver health and other chronic diseases associated with digitally delivered alcohol reduction for AUD patients.

关键词： Alcohol use disorder(AUD) Liver disease Cognitive behavioral therapy(CBT) Telehealth Digitally delivered Systematic review

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Sugar intake from sweetened beverages and diabetes:A narrative review

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World Journal of Diabetes 2021年第9期12卷 1530-1538页

作者： Tung-Sung Tseng Wei-Ting Lin Gabrielle V Gonzalez Yu-Hsiang Kao Lei-Shih Chen Hui-Yi Lin Behavioral and community health Sciences School of Public HealthLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterNew OrleansLA 70112United States department of global community health and Behavioral Sciences School of Public Health&Tropical MedicineTulane UniversityNew OrleansLA 70112United States department of health and Kinesiology Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843United States Biostatistics Program School of Public HealthLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterNew OrleansLA 70112United States

Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is one of the fastest growing public health concerns around the ***-sweetened beverage(SSB)consumption has been proven to be associated with adverse health consequences in the diabetic *** SSB consumption,body weight control,healthy diets,and increased physical activity have been suggested as strategies to improve diabetes prevention and *** literature review provides an overview of:(1)The association between SSB consumption and the risk of T2DM;(2)Types of SSB consumption and T2DM;(3)The effect of obesity and inflammation on the association between SSB consum-ption and risk of T2DM;and(4)SSB consumption in T2DM *** is still work to be done to determine how SSB consumption is related to T2DM,but the current research on identifying the association between SSB consumption and T2DM is promising,with the most promising studies confirming the connection between SSBs,T2DM risk,and diabetes *** studies should explore more effective SSB related diabetes prevention and management interventions.

关键词： Sugar-sweetened beverages Type 2 diabetes mellitus Inflammation Obesity Diabetes management

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Tailoring lifestyle programmes for diabetes prevention for US South Asians

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Family Medicine and community health 2020年第2期8卷 12-20页

作者： Mary Beth Weber Monique M Hennink K M Venkat Narayan Hubert department of global health Emory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA

Objective The purpose of this study was to develop and test the feasibility of a culturally tailored Diabetes Prevention Programme(DPP)for US South Asians,a large population with high diabetes *** The South Asian health and Prevention Education(SHAPE)study included:(1)focus group discussions with South Asian adults to understand views of lifestyle behaviours and diabetes prevention;(2)modification of the US DPP for South Asians and(3)a pilot,pre-post study to test the feasibility and impact of delivering the culturally tailored *** The study was conducted in Atlanta,Georgia,*** group discussions and intervention classes were held at locations within the community(eg,South Asian restaurants,a public library,university classrooms,a South Asian owned physical therapy studio).Participants The focus group discussions(n=17 with 109 individuals)included adults aged 25 years of older who self-identified as South *** were stratified by age(25-40 years or older than 40 years)and *** SHAPE pilot study included 17(76.5%male with a mean age of 46.9±12 years)South Asian adults aged 25 years or older with pre-diabetes and body mass index(BMI)>22 kg/*** Formative data from 17 focus group discussions and a community board guided the modification of the DPP curriculum to reflect cultural food preferences and include tools to leverage social support,create a stronger foundation in exercise and overcome culturally specific *** SHAPE pilot study included 17 South Asian adults with pre-diabetes and BMI>22 kg/*** were positive changes in participants’weight,waist circumference,blood pressure,plasma lipids,HbA1c and other cardiometabolic markers postintervention and 55%of participants regressed to *** These results provide important information on the barriers faced by US South Asians in participating in‘standard’lifestyle change programs,indicate the feasibility of culturally tailored programmes and show p

关键词： prevention discussions overcome

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Efect of early feeding practices and eating behaviors on body composition in primary school children

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2022年第9期18卷 613-623页

作者： Omneya Magdy Omar Mohamed Naguib Massoud Afaf Gaber Ibrahim Nada Atef Khalaf department of Pediatrics Faculty of MedicineAlexandria UniversityAlexandria 21321Egypt department of community Medicine and Public health Faculty of MedicineAlexandria UniversityAlexandriaEgypt

Background Understanding children’s feeding practices and eating behaviors is important to determine etiology of childhood *** study aimed to explore the relationship between early feeding practices,eating behavior and body composition among primary school *** The data were collected from 403 primary school *** were administered structured questionnaire,including sociodemographic characteristics,early feeding practices and Child’s Eating Behavior *** and blood pressure(BP)measurements were *** Children with obesity and overweight showed higher food approach subscales and lower food avoidance subscales compared to a healthy and underweight *** who were exclusively or predominantly breast fed during the frst 6 months had the lowest scores for the food approach subscales,food responsiveness(FR)and emotional overeating(EOE)and had the highest scores for the food avoidance subscales,satiety responsiveness(SR)and emotional under eating(EUE).Children who were introduced solid food after 6 months showed lower scores for FR,enjoyment of food and EOE but scored highest for SR,slowness in eating(SE)and *** anthropometric measurements were positively correlated with all food approach subscales and negatively with SE,SR and food *** food approach subscales were positively correlated with BP *** food avoidance subscales were negatively correlated with both BP percentiles,except for EUE,which was negatively correlated with diastolic BP percentile ***,SR,SE and FR were predictors for child body mass *** Early feeding practices and eating behavior are considered as prevention approaches for obesity.

关键词： Blood pressure Child eating behaviors Childhood obesity Feeding practices Waist circumference

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Alteration of some cellular function in amikacin resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa transfected macrophages:a time dependent approach

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2011年第6期1卷 482-487页

作者： Subhankari Prasad Chakraborty Santanu KarMahapatra Sabyasachi Das Somenath Roy Immunology and Microbiology Laboratory Department of Human Physiology with Community HealthVidyasagar University

Objective:To evaluate the free radical generation and antioxidant enzymes status in murine peritoneal macrophage during in vitro amikacin resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa(ARPA) treatment with different time ***:Peritoneal macrophages were treated with 1× 10~2 CFU/mL ARPA cell suspension in vitro for different time interval(1,2,3,6,12,and 24 h) and super oxide anion generation,NO generation,reduced glutathione level and antioxidant enzymes status were ***:Super oxide anion generation and NO generation got peak at 12 h,indicating maximal free radical generation through activation of NADPH oxidase in murine peritoneal macrophages during ARPA *** glutathione level and antioxidant enzymes status were decreased significantly(P<0.05) with increasing time of ARPA transfection. All the changes in peritoneal macrophages after 12 h in vitro ARPA transfection had significant difference(P<0.05).Conclusions:From this study,it may be summarized that in vitro ARPA infection not only generates excess free radical but also affects the antioxidant system and glutathione cycle in murine peritoneal macrophage.

关键词： Antioxidant enzyme ARPA Oxidative stress Peritoneal macrophage Free radical generation

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Diagnosis of pervasive developmental disorders:when and how?An area-based study about health care providers

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2015年第1期11卷 48-53页

作者： Silvia Manea Laura VisonàDalla Pozza Monica Mazzucato Oliviana Gelasio Paola Facchin Veneto Region Child&Mother health Observatory Epidemiology and Community Medicine UnitDepartment of PediatricsPadua University

Background:Pervasive developmental disorders(PDDs)can be very difficult to diagnose in children and to communicate such a diagnosis to their *** of children with PDD learn of their child's diagnosis long after the first symptoms are noted in the child's ***:An area-based survey was conducted to assess all social and health care providers taking care of patients with PDDs in the Veneto Region(North-East Italy).Results:Only 28%of health care providers arrived at a definite diagnosis when the child was in his/her first year of age,51%when the child was 2-3 years old and 21%from age of 4 years and *** average,the latency between the time of the diagnosis and its communication to the family was 6.9 ***,a number of families did not ever have a diagnosis communicated to ***,68%of the providers did not communicate a PDDs diagnosis to patient's families,and 4%of them quite ***:The well-known delay in making a diagnosis of PDDs has two distinct components:one relating to the difficulty of confirming a diagnosis of PDDs,the other,hitherto unrecognized,relating to the family being notified.

关键词： autism,pervasive development disorders classification system communication diagnosis

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