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Factors affecting smallholder farmers' adaptive capacity to climate change:A comparative study of Nepal, India, and Bangladesh

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Journal of geographical Sciences 2025年第2期35卷 359-381页

作者： CHAPAGAIN Prem Sagar BANSKOTA Tibendra Raj SHRESTHA Shobha ZHANG Yili YAN Jianzhong RAI Suresh Chand ISLAM Md Nurul LIU Linshan MANDAL Umesh Kumar PAUDEL Basanta KHANAL Narendra Raj THASINEKU Om Chandra Central department of geography Tribhuvan University Institute of geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS College of Resource and Environment Southwest University department of geography Delhi School of Economics University of Delhi department of geography & Environment Jahangirnagar University Research Center for Educational Innovation and Development (CERID) Tribhuvan University

Agriculture, significantly impacted by climate change and climate variability, serves as the primary livelihood for smallholder farmers in South Asia. This study aims to examine and evaluate the factors influencing smallholder farmers' adaptive capacity(AC) in addressing these risks through surveys from 633 households across Nepal, India, and Bangladesh. The findings reveal that AC is influenced by various indicators categorized under eight principal factors. The first three factors, which explain about one-third of the variance in each country,include distinct significant indicators for each nation: in Nepal, these indicators are landholding size, skill-development training, knowledge of improved seed varieties, number of income sources, access to markets, and access to financial institutions; in India, they encompass access to agricultural-input information, knowledge of seed varieties, access to markets, access to crop insurance, changing the sowing/harvesting times of crops, and access to financial services; in Bangladesh, the key factors are access to financial institutions, community cooperation, changing the sowing/harvesting times of crops, knowledge of improved seed varieties,and access to agricultural-input information. Notably, indicators such as trust in weather information, changing sowing/harvesting times of crops, and crop insurance were identified as important determinants of AC, which have been overlooked in previous studies.

关键词： adaptive capacity Bangladesh climate change India Nepal PCA rain-fed agriculture smallholder

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Ternary Hybrid Nanofluid with First and Second Order Velocity Slips: Dual Solutions with Stability Analysis

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2025年第2期142卷 1865-1881页

作者： Nur Syahirah Wahid Nor Ain Azeany Mohd Nasir Norihan Md Arifin Ioan Pop department of Mathematics and Statistics Faculty of ScienceUniversiti Putra Malaysia(UPM)Serdang43400Malaysia department of Mathematics Centre for Defence Foundation StudiesUniversiti Pertahanan Nasional MalaysiaKuala Lumpur57000Malaysia Institute for Mathematical Research Universiti Putra Malaysia(UPM)Serdang43400Malaysia department of Mathematics Babes-Bolyai UniversityCluj-Napoca400084Romania Academy of Romanian Scientists Bucharest050044Romania

Modeling the boundary layer flow of ternary hybrid nanofluids is important for understanding and optimizing their thermal performance,particularly in applications where enhanced heat transfer and fluid dynamics are *** study numerically investigates the boundary layer flow of alumina-copper-silver/water nanofluid over a permeable stretching/shrinking sheet,incorporating both first and second-order velocity *** mathematical model is solved in MATLAB facilitated by the bvp4c function that employs the finite difference scheme and Lobatto IIIa *** solver successfully generates dual solutions for the model,and further analysis is conducted to assess their *** findings reported that only one of the solutions is *** the shrinking sheet case,increasing the first-order velocity slip delays boundary layer separation and enhances heat transfer,while,when the sheet is stretched,the second-order velocity slip accelerates separation and improves heat *** layer separation is most likely to occur when the sheet is shrinking;however,this can be controlled by adjusting the velocity slip with the inclusion of boundary layer suction.

关键词： Boundary layer ternary hybrid nanofluid stretching/shrinking velocity slip

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SDG space:Revealing the structure and complementarities among sustainable development goals in China

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Fundamental Research 2025年第1期5卷 360-369页

作者： Mimi Gong Ke Yu Changchang Zhou Zhouyi Liu Zhenci Xu Ming Xu Shen Qu Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability Department of Fisheries and WildlifeMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China School of geography Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023China department of geography The University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China School of Environment Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

To achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)by 2030,it is essential to understand the interlinkages between the *** research has investigated these interactions by focusing on their ***,few studies have systematically prioritized them from a structural perspective through the complementarity measurements and empirically validated their policy effectiveness,such as which goals and indicators impact other SDGs most,especially in *** study introduces a new concept known as the‘SDG space’by employing the“Product Space”approach in network science and *** measures the complementarities between SDGs and indicators through their network structures in investigating effective policy *** the most recent available but unpublished data for 31 Chinese provinces,the SDG space was constructed at the 17 SDG and 118 indicator levels by analyzing the probability of comparative advantage between each SDG or indicator pair co-occurring in the same *** data confirm that in the‘SDG Space’network,a goal connected to other well-developed goals would enjoy better future growth and vice *** structure reveals that SDG 4(Quality Education),15(Life on Land),and 1(No Poverty)are critical goals with transformative synergies to other ***,we identified strong complementarities between land-based ecosystems and clean water and climate actions using the finer-grained indicator-level *** findings help pave the way for China toward a sustainable future by providing science-based policy recommendations for *** can be generally applied to other countries and regions to assist in navigating toward sustainable development.

关键词： Sustainable development goals Network analysis SDG space Product space China

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A Genetic Algorithm Approach for Location-Specific Calibration of Rainfed Maize Cropping in the Context of Smallholder Farming in West Africa

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Agricultural Sciences 2025年第1期16卷 89-111页

作者： Moussa Waongo Patrick Laux Jan Bliefernicht Amadou Coulibaly Seydou B. Traore Training and Research department Agrhymet Reional Centre Niamey Niger Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Campus Alpin Garmisch-Partenkirchen Germany Institute of geography University of Augsburg Augsburg Germany

Smallholder farming in West Africa faces various challenges, such as limited access to seeds, fertilizers, modern mechanization, and agricultural climate services. Crop productivity obtained under these conditions varies significantly from one farmer to another, making it challenging to accurately estimate crop production through crop models. This limitation has implications for the reliability of using crop models as agricultural decision-making support tools. To support decision making in agriculture, an approach combining a genetic algorithm (GA) with the crop model AquaCrop is proposed for a location-specific calibration of maize cropping. In this approach, AquaCrop is used to simulate maize crop yield while the GA is used to derive optimal parameters set at grid cell resolution from various combinations of cultivar parameters and crop management in the process of crop and management options calibration. Statistics on pairwise simulated and observed yields indicate that the coefficient of determination varies from 0.20 to 0.65, with a yield deviation ranging from 8% to 36% across Burkina Faso (BF). An analysis of the optimal parameter sets shows that regardless of the climatic zone, a base temperature of 10˚C and an upper temperature of 32˚C is observed in at least 50% of grid cells. The growing season length and the harvest index vary significantly across BF, with the highest values found in the Soudanian zone and the lowest values in the Sahelian zone. Regarding management strategies, the fertility mean rate is approximately 35%, 39%, and 49% for the Sahelian, Soudano-sahelian, and Soudanian zones, respectively. The mean weed cover is around 36%, with the Sahelian and Soudano-sahelian zones showing the highest variability. The proposed approach can be an alternative to the conventional one-size-fits-all approach commonly used for regional crop modeling. Moreover, it has the potential to explore the performance of cropping strategies to adapt to changing climat

关键词： Smallholder Farming AquaCrop Genetics Algorithm Optimization Maize Burkina Faso

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A Comprehensive Survey on Federated Learning Applications in computational Mental Healthcare

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2025年第1期142卷 49-90页

作者： Vajratiya Vajrobol Geetika Jain Saxena Amit Pundir Sanjeev Singh Akshat Gaurav Savi Bansal Razaz Waheeb Attar Mosiur Rahman Brij B.Gupta Institute of Informatics and Communication University of DelhiDelhi110021India Maharaja Agrasen College University of DelhiDelhi110096India Computer Engineering Ronin InstituteMontclairNJ 07043USA department of Research and Innovation Insights2TechinfoJaipur302001India University centre for Research and Development(UCRD) Chandigarh UniversityChandigarh140413India Management department College of Business AdministrationPrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityRiyadh11671Saudi Arabia CCRI&department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Asia UniversityTaichung413Taiwan Symbiosis centre for Information Technology(SCIT) Symbiosis International UniversityPune411057India Center for Interdisciplinary Research University of Petroleum and Energy Studies(UPES)Dehradun248007India

Mental health is a significant issue worldwide,and the utilization of technology to assist mental health has seen a growing *** aims to alleviate the workload on healthcare professionals and aid *** applications have been developed to support the challenges in intelligent healthcare ***,because mental health data is sensitive,privacy concerns have *** learning has gotten some *** research reviews the studies on federated learning and mental health related to solving the issue of intelligent healthcare *** explores various dimensions of federated learning in mental health,such as datasets(their types and sources),applications categorized based on mental health symptoms,federated mental health frameworks,federated machine learning,federated deep learning,and the benefits of federated learning in mental health *** research conducts surveys to evaluate the current state of mental health applications,mainly focusing on the role of Federated Learning(FL)and related privacy and data security *** survey provides valuable insights into how these applications are emerging and evolving,specifically emphasizing FL’s impact.

关键词： Depression emotional recognition intelligent healthcare systems mental health federated learning stress detection sleep behaviour

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The Influence of Major Climatic Elements on the Devastated geo-Hydrological Disasters: A Case of Hanang Disaster of 3rd December 2023 in Tanzania

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2025年第1期15卷 106-125页

作者： Asnath Alberto Malekela Stefan Sieber Jafari Swalehe Chobo Joseph Ndunguru department of geography and History Mwalimu Nyerere Memorial Academy Dar es Salaam Tanzania Leibniz centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF) Mncheberg Germany department of Agricultural Economics Humboldt University of Berlin Berlin Germany department of Climatology and Climate Change Tanzania Meteorological Authority Dar es Salaam Tanzania

Changes in major climatic elements such as temperature, precipitation and wind distribution have triggered weather-related and geophysical disasters. In recent years, the globe has experienced an increased number of floods and landslide events which are said to be the most common among other natural disasters. This study examines the influence of climatic elements on the geo-hydrological disaster which occurred in Hanang district-Tanzania on 3rd December 2023. The study used the primary data collected from 182 respondents. Also, the trend analysis (1981-2023) was conducted using average rainfall from 7 meteorological stations in the study area. Annual and seasonal rainfall as well as a number of rainy days were analyzed. The calculated rainfall data were then used to compute the dimensions of the standardized precipitation anomalies (SPA) which is designated as SPA = (P − P*)/σp. Besides, the temperature was analysed to investigate its trend and trend anomaly. Also, the wind rose statistics for the annual, March to May (MAM) and October to December (OND) for the climatology period of 1991-2020 were analysed so as to examine its contribution to rainfall distribution in Hanang district. The examination of annual rainfall data indicates an upward trend in precipitation levels, accompanied by notable variability in rainfall patterns, including seasonal anomalies and deviations from historical averages. The combination of elevated rainfall, anomalies in rainfall patterns, and potentially unfavourable terrain characteristics may have contributed to devastated geo-hydrological disaster risk. However, future research is recommended that could focus on integrating rainfall and temperature data with comprehensive geo-hydrological susceptibility assessments, considering factors such as terrain stability, land cover and land use practices.

关键词： Climate Elements Climate Change Landslides Floods geo-Hydrological Disasters

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An unsupervised learning approach to study synchroneity of past events in the South China Sea

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2019年第3期13卷 628-640页

作者： Kevin C. Tse Hon-Chim Chiu Man-Yin Tsang Yiliang Li Edmund Y. Lam department of Earth Sciences The University of Hong KongPokfulamHong KongChina department of geography and centre for geo-computation studies Hong Kong Baptist UniversityKowloon TongHong KongChina department of Earth Sciences University of TorontoCanada department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The University of Hong KongPokfulamHong KongChina

Unsupervised machine learning methods were applied on multivariate geophysical and geochemical datasets of ocean floor sediment cores collected from the South China Sea. The well-preserved and continuous core samples comprising high resolution Cenozoic sediment records enable scientists to carry out paleoenvironment studies in detail. Bayesian age-depth chronological models constructed from biostratigraphic control points for the drilling sites are applied on cluster boundaries generated from two popular unsupervised learning methods: K-means and random forest. The unsupervised learning methods experimented have produced compact and unambiguous clusters from the datasets, indicating that previously unknown data patterns can be revealed when all variables from the datasets are taken into account simultaneously. A study of synchroneity of past events represented by the cluster boundaries across geographically separated ocean drilling sites is achieved through converting the fixed depths of cluster boundaries into chronological ranges represented by Gaussian density plots which are then compared with known past events in the region. A Gaussian density peak at around 7.2 Ma has been identified from results of all three sites and it is suggested to coincide with the initiation of the East Asian monsoon. Contrary to traditional statistical approach, a priori assumptions are not required for unsupervised learning, and the clustering results serve as a novel data-driven proxy for studying the complex and dynamic processes of the paleoenvironment surrounding the ocean sediment. This work serves as a pioneering approach to extract valuable information of regional events and opens up a systematic and objective way to study the vast global ocean sediment datasets.

关键词： machine learning ocean sediments unsupervised classification

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The history and development of the theory and practice of cybercartography

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2010年第1期3卷 2-15页

作者： D.R.Fraser Taylor Stephanie Pyne department of geography and Environmental studies Geomatics and Cartographic Research CentreCarleton UniversityOttawaONCanada

This paper describes the development of cybercartography since the introduction of the term in *** the origins of cybercartography were largely conceptual in nature,the evolution of cybercartography to date has been an iterative process reflecting the creative interplay between theory and practice.A major step forward was made in 2002 when the geomatics and Cartographic Research centre at Carleton University received a$2.5 million grant from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada to explore the utility of cybercartography to what was described as the New *** 2006,the interaction between theory and practice had led to considerable advances in cybercartography as a holistic,location-based concept and two new cybercartographic products,the Cybercartographic Atlas of Antarctica and the Cybercartographic Atlas of Canada’s Trade with the World,were *** 2006 and 2009,cybercartography was further developed as a result of interaction with indigenous communities,especially in Canada’s north and new interactive atlases such as the Kitikmeot Place Names Atlas and the Community Atlas of Arctic Bay were created in cooperation with the communities *** Nunaliit Cybercartographic Atlas Framework,built using open source software and open specifications and standards,was developed to facilitate direct input to these *** is now entering a new phase in both theory and practice building on a recently completed prototype atlas of Indigenous Perspectives and Knowledge.

关键词： cybercartography cybercartographic atlases indigenous mapping cybercartographic atlas framework iteration theory and practice

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Vegetation dynamics at the southern edge of the Siberian mountain taiga

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Journal of Mountain Science 2025年第2期22卷 451-465页

作者： IM Sergei T KHARUK Viacheslav I PETROV Il'ya A SHUSHPANOV Alexander S DVINSKAYA Maria L ONDAR Sergei O V.N.Sukachev Institute of Forest Krasnoyarsk Science Centre of the Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of ScienceKrasnoyarsk 660036Russia Institute of Ecology and geography Institute of Space and Information TechnologiesSiberian Federal UniversityKrasnoyarsk 660041Russia Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecology Tomsk State UniversityTomsk 634050Russia Institute of Space Research and High Technologies Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and TechnologyKrasnoyarsk 660014Russia department of Biology and Ecology Tuvan State UniversityKyzyl 667000Russia

The growth,survival,and mortality of conifer species in response to the hydrothermal regime have received considerable *** is expected that the highest sensitivity of trees to the warming-drying climate will occur mainly at the edges of the species *** focused on the responses to climate change of the drought-resistant larch(Larix sibirica)and the moisture-sensitive Siberian pine(Pinus sibirica)along the elevation gradient in the Tannu-Ola Ridge,the southern margin where those two species coexist in Siberia by using satellite data(MODIS,Landsat,and microwave),the indexes of gross(GPP)and net(NPP)primary productivity,and tree radial growth index(GI).We found that since the warming restart in the 2000s,the area of larch-dominated forests increased by~150%while the area of pine-dominated forests decreased by~10%.The Siberian pine has retreated at low elevations(<1800 m)and increased its area at higher *** contrast,the area of larch stands increased in both the uphill and downhill ***(Betula spp.)also increased its area at low elevations(about+120%).Since 2001,the forested area increased by~5%.A shrubification,i.e.,an increase in the area of shrubs,was observed at high *** uphill rate of timberline and shrubline migration was about 0.3 m/*** the 2000s,vegetation NPP has increased by 13%.A notable correlation between NPP and the GI of larch and pine was found(r=0.5-0.7).At lower elevations,NPP positively correlated with precipitation and soil moisture,while air temperature and VPD(vapor pressure deficit)increase inhibited *** high elevations,the effects of these variables on productivity *** continuous decline of the Siberian pine forest indicates an inevitable retreat of this species at low elevations and its replacement by larch and birch.

关键词： Trees range changes Mountain taiga Siberian larch Siberian pine Timberline Shrubification Tree uphill migration Forest population dynamics Ecological resilience Habitat suitability

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Multifunctional landscapes—perspectives for the future

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2003年第2期15卷 187-192页

作者： Jesper Brandt department of geography and International Development studies Roskilde University

New methods in landscape ecology to study the link between landscape heterogeneity and landscape functionality are needed. Heterogeneity is a basic characteristic of landscape, and landscape function is the capacity to change the structural heterogeneity of a landscape system. In most developed countries the industrialisation of agriculture has in general resulted in a change of agricultural landscapes from a small-grained heterogeneous pattern towards more monotonous and monofunctional landscapes. During the 1990's this trends seems to have changed due to a diversification of rural land use and new trends in urbanisation. Weather these phases of landscape development should be expected in developing countries is a totally open question. Dealing with the study of multifunctionality of landscapes it is proposed to distinguish between ecological functionality of landscape ecosystems, functionality pertaining to land use and social functionality. Further, the relation between function, space and scale is important by the determination of spatial and time segregation as well as spatial and time integration of multifunctionality in landscapes.

关键词： landscape heterogeneity monotonisation multifunctionality spatial segregation time segregation landscape development

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