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Water-use efficiency in response to simulated increasing precipitation in a temperate desert ecosystem of Xinjiang, China

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Journal of Arid Land 2017年第6期9卷 823-836页

作者： HUANG Gang LI Yan MU Xiaohan ZHAO Hongmei CAO Yanfeng State Key Lab of Desert and Oasis ecology Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Soil and plant Ecological Processes College of Grassland and Environmental Sciences Xinjiang Agricultural University Geology Science department Shannxi Normal University

Water-use efficiency（WUE） is a key plant functional trait that plays a central role in the global cycles of water and carbon. Although increasing precipitation may cause vegetation changes, few studies have explored the linkage between alteration in vegetation and WUE. Here, we analyzed the responses of leaf WUE, ecosystem carbon and water exchanges, ecosystem WUE, and plant community composition changes under normal conditions and also under extra 15% or 30% increases in annual precipitation in a temperate desert ecosystem of Xinjiang, China. We found that leaf WUE and ecosystem WUE showed inconsistent responses to increasing precipitation. Leaf WUE consistently decreased as precipitation increased. By contrast, the responses of the ecosystem WUE to increasing precipitation are different in different precipitation regimes： increasing by 33.9% in the wet year（i.e., the normal precipitation years）and decreasing by 4.1% in the dry year when the precipitation was about 30% less than that in the wet *** systematically assessed the herbaceous community dynamics, community composition, and vegetation coverage to explain the responses of ecosystem WUE, and found that the between-year discrepancy in ecosystem WUE was consistent with the extent to which plant biomass was stimulated by the increase in precipitation. Although there was no change in the relative significance of ephemerals in the plant community, its greater overall plant biomass drove an increased ecosystem WUE under the conditions of increasing precipitation in 2011. However, the slight increase in plant biomass exerted no significant effect on ecosystem WUE in 2012. Our findings suggest that an alteration in the dominant species in this plant community can induce a shift in the carbon-and water-based economics of desert ecosystems.

关键词： desert ecosystem ecosystem water-use efficiency gross carbon exchange increasing precipitation leaf water-use efficiency net carbon exchange Gurbantunggut Desert

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Woolly and overlapping leaves dampen temperature fluctuations in reproductive organ of an alpine Himalayan forb

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Journal of plant ecology 2015年第2期8卷 159-165页

作者： De-Li Peng Yang Niu Bo Song Jian-Guo Chen Zhi-Min Li Yang Yang Hang Sun Key Laboratory for plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201YunnanChina Institute of ecology and geobotany Yunnan UniversityKunming 650091China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China School of Life Sciences Yunnan Normal UniversityKunming 650500YunnanChina

Aims studying the ecological significance of highly specialized morpho-logical traits evolved by alpine plants could help us to understand the adaptation and evolution of these plants under severe alpine *** explored the adaptive significance of woolly and overlap-ping leaves for reproduction in Eriophyton wallichii,a perennial herb native to the subnival belt of the Himalaya-Hengduan *** We examined whether the trichomes could influence the leaf wet-tability,temperature and leaf reflectance spectra in the *** we investigated the thermal benefits of the woolly and overlapping leaves for flowers and fruits in the *** viability and seed germination were also examined in the lab to assess whether these leaves enhance reproductive *** Findingsour results showed that dense trichomes impart good water repel-lency,absorption of solar radiation and accumulation of leaf *** woolly and overlapping leaves increased the interior tempera-ture of flowers and fruits to an optimal level on sunny hours,but prevented them from overheating when transient intense solar radi-ation *** kept optimal temperatures in plants’reproduc-tive organs,thus promoting the development of pollen and seed in alpine environment.

关键词： buffer effect Eriophyton wallichii overheating subnival belt trichomes water repellency

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Effects of clonal integration, nutrients and cadmium on growth of the aquatic macrophyte Pistia stratiotes

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Journal of plant ecology 2020年第6期13卷 765-772页

作者： Michael Opoku Adomako Peter Alpert Dao-Lin Du Fei-Hai Yu Institute of Wetland ecology&Clone ecology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of plant Evolutionary ecology and Conservation Taizhou UniversityTaizhou 318000China Institute of Environment and ecology Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological SecuritySchool of the Environment and Safety EngineeringJiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China department of Biology University of MassachusettsAmherstMA 01003USA

Aims Many wetlands are polluted with both nutrients and toxic metals and vegetated largely by clonal *** hypothesized that eutrophication and clonal integration can increase phytoremediation of toxic metal pollution by increasing plant growth,even under the stress imposed by *** To test this hypothesis,single ramets of the common,widespread,floating,stoloniferous plant Pistia stratiotes L.,were grown for 42 days at two levels of nutrient availability with and without 0.6 mg L^(-1) *** were either severed from their vegetative offspring to prevent clonal integration or left connected,and severed offspring were either removed to eliminate intraclonal competition or left in *** Findings plants subjected to cadmium addition accumulated almost twice as much dry mass if given the higher nutrient level,due mainly to a doubling of the number of clonal *** had little effect on the final mass of the parent plus offspring *** offspring following severance had no effect on the final mass of the parental ramet in the presence of added cadmium,but it did increase the final mass of the parent in the absence of *** results support the hypothesis that eutrophication can increase remediation of toxic metal pollution by aquatic macrophytes but provided no evidence that clonal integration can affect *** such as *** may help remediate co-pollution of wetlands with toxic metals and nutrients,and fragmentation of clones may not affect their remediation capacity.

关键词： bioremediation clonal fragmentation eutrophication floating plant toxic metal

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plant fertility defects induced by the enhanced expression of microRNA167

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Cell Research 2006年第5期16卷 457-465页

作者： Peng Ru~1 Lin Xu~1 Hong Ma~(2,3) Hai Huang~(1,2) ~1National Laboratory of plant Molecular Genetics,Shanghai Institute of plant Physiology and ecology,Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences,300 Fenglin Road,Shanghai 200032,China ~2SIBS-SJTU-PSU Joint Center for Life Sciences,Shanghai Institute of plant Physiology and Ecologgy,Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences,300 Fenglin Road,Shanghai 200032,China ~3department of Biology and the Huck Institute for the Life Sciences,The Pennsylvania State University,University Park,PA 16802,USA National Laboratory of plant Molecular Genetics Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences Shanghai China SIBS-SJTU-PSU Joint Center for Life Sciences Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences Shanghai China department of Biology and the Huck Institute for the Life Sciences The Pennsylvania State University University Park USA

The plant hormone auxin plays a critical role in regulating plant growth and *** advances havebeen made in the understanding of auxin response pathways,primarily by the characterization of auxin response mu-tants in *** addition,microRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to be critical regulators of genes importantfor normal plant development and ***,little is known about possible interactions between miRNAsand hormonal signaling during norlnal *** we show that an Arabidopsis microRNA,miR167,whichhas a complementary sequence to a portion of the A UXIN RESPONSE FACTOR6 (ARF6) and ARF8 mRNAs,can causetranscript degradation for ARFS,but not for *** report phenotypic characterizations of35S::MIR167b transgeniclines,and show that severe 35S::MIR167b transgenic lines had phenotypes similar to those of an arf6 arf8 double *** transgenic phenotypes suggest that miR167 may repress ARF6 at the level of *** demonstrate that thetransgenic plants are defective in all four whorls of floral *** the transgenic flowers,filaments were abnormallyshort,anthers could not properly release pollen,and pollen grains did not *** results provide an importantlink between the miRNA-mediated regulatory pathway of gene expression and the auxin signaling network promotingplant reproductive development.

关键词： Arabidopsis auxin response factor microRNA167 floral organ pollen germination

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Silencing Brassinosteroid Receptor BRI1 Impairs Herbivory-elicited Accumulation of Jasmonic Acid-isoleucine and Diterpene Glycosides, but not Jasmonic Acid and Trypsin Proteinase Inhibitors in Nicotiana attenuata

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Journal of Integrative plant Biology 2013年第6期55卷 514-526页

作者： Da-Hai Yang Ian T. Baldwin Jianqiang Wu department of Molecular ecology Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology Hans-Knll Stra e 8 D-07745 Jena Germany plant Stress Biology Group Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences the Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Economic plants and Biotechnology Kunming Institute of Botany the Chinese Academy of Sciences

The brassinosteroid （BR） receptor, BR insensitive 1 （BRI1）, plays a critical role in plant development, but whether BRI1-mediated BR signaling is involved in plant defense responses to herbivores was largely unknown. Here, we examined the function of BRI1 in the resistance of Nicotiana attenuata （Solanaceae） to its specialist insect herbivore Manduca sexta. Jasmonic acid （JA） and JA-isoleucine conjugate （JA-Ile） are important hormones that mediate resistance to herbivores and we found that after wounding or simulated herbivory NaBRI1 had little effect on JA levels, but was important for the induction of JA-Ile. Further experiments revealed that decreased JAR （the enzyme for JA-Ile production） activity and availability of Ile in NaBRI1-silenced plants were likely responsible for the low JA-Ile levels. Consistently, M. sexta larvae gained more weight on NaBRI1-silenced plants than on the control plants. Quantification of insect feeding-induced secondary metabolites revealed that silencing NaBRI1 resulted in decreased levels of carbon-rich defensive secondary metabolites （hydroxygeranyllinalool diterpene glycosides, chlorogenic acid, and rutin）, but had little effect on the nitrogen-rich ones （nicotine and trypsin proteinase inhibitors）. Thus, NaBRI1-mediated BR signaling is likely involved in plant defense responses to M. sexta, including maintaining JA-Ile levels and the accumulation of several carbon-rich defensive secondary metabolites.

关键词： BRI1 herbivore insect jasmonic acid Nicotiana attenuata secondary metabolites.

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Felsenstein＇s ＂one-allele model＂ of speciation： The role of philopatry in the initial stages of host plant mediated reproductive isolation in Enchenopa binotata

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Current Zoology 2013年第5期59卷 658-666页

作者： Frank W. STEARNS Kelley J. TILMON Thomas K. WOOD department of Biology Biology-Psychology Building University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA department of plant Science Plant Science Building South Dakota State University Brookings SD 57007 USA department of Entomology and Applied ecology 250 Townsend Hall University of Delaware Newark DE 19716 USA

The study of speciation genetics is primarily concerned with identifying the genetic traits that allow divergent selec- tion to overcome the homogenizing effects of gene flow. Felsenstein reviewed this race between gene flow and selection, con- cluding that speciation with gene flow was unlikely under a ＂two-allele model＂（where two traits were necessary for reproductive isolation） but that divergence could occur quite easily under a ＂one-allele model.＂ Despite this finding, much of the sympatric speciation research involving phytophagous insects has relied on a two-trait model, where insects evolve both preferences for and increased performance on novel host plants. Philopatry （a tendency to remain where one was born） is known to occur in phyto- phagous insects and is a single trait isolation mechanism. However, it is traditionally invoked as simply augmenting reproductive isolation. Species in the Enchenopa binotata complex are believed to have speciated in sympatry. They exhibit host plant prefe- rences, host specific performance advantages and strong philopatry. We experimentally shifted E. binotata to evolutionarily novel host plants. Previous research has demonstrated that the experimental population of insects possesses genetic variation in prefe- rence and performance to the novel host. The degree of philopatry at mating and egg-laying was assayed for the first four years under full choice conditions. Host plant preference and performance was assayed after eight years. Philopatry was an immediate and strong isolating mechanism, while preference for and performance on the novel host lagged. We therefore suggest that philo- patry may be a more important mechanism in the early stages of a host shift than previously believed [Current Zoology 59 （5）： 658-666, 2013].

关键词： Philopatry Enchenopa Ecological Speciation Sympatric Speciation

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Effects of physiological integration on defense strategies against herbivory by the clonal plant Alternanthera philoxeroides

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Journal of plant ecology 2019年第4期12卷 662-672页

作者： Rubén Portela Bi-Cheng Dong Fei-Hai Yu Rodolfo Barreiro Sergio R.Roiloa BioCost Group Biology DepartmentUniversidade da CoruñaA Coruña 15071Spain School of Nature Conservation Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China Institute of Wetland ecology&Clone ecology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of plant Evolutionary ecology and Conservation Taizhou UniversityTaizhou 318000China

Aims The plant-herbivore interaction is one of the most fundamental inter-actions in *** are sessile organisms,and consequently rely on particular strategies to avoid or reduce the negative impact of ***,we aimed to determine the defense strategies against insect herbivores in the creeping invasive plant Alternanthera *** We tested the defense response of *** to herbivory by a leaf-feeding specialist insect Agasicles hygrophila and a pol-yphagous sap-feeding insect Planococcus *** also tested the mechanisms triggering defense responses of *** by including treatments of artificial leaf removal and jasmonic acid ***,we examined the effect of physiological integration on these defense *** Findings The combination of artificial leaf removal and jasmonic acid appli-cation produced a similar effect to that of leaf-feeding by the real *** integration influenced the defense strat-egies of *** against herbivores,and increased biomass allocation to aboveground parts in its apical ramets damaged by real *** study highlights the importance of physio-logical integration and modular plasticity for understanding the consequences of herbivory in clonal plants.

关键词： Agasicles hygrophila alligator weed clonal integration herbivory Planococcus minor

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Nicotiana attenuata's capacity to interact with arbuscular mycorrhiza alters its competitive ability and elicits major changes in the leaf transcriptome

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Journal of Integrative plant Biology 2018年第3期60卷 242-261页

作者： Ming Wang Julia Wilde Ian T.Baldwin Karin Groten department of Molecular ecology Max Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyHans-Knoll-Str.8Jena 07745Germany

To study the local and systemic effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal （AMF） colonization, Nicotiana attenuata plants impaired in their interactions with AMF due to silencing of a calcium- and calmodulin dependent protein kinase （inverted repreat （ir）CCaMK） were grown competitively in pairs with empty vector （EV） plants, with and without two different types of inoculum. When inoculated, EV plants strongly outperformed irCCaMK plants. Foliar transcript profiling revealed that AMF colonization significantly changed gene expression of P-starvation and -transporter genes in irCCaMK plants. The Phtl family phosphate transporter NaPT5 was not only specifically induced in roots after AMF colonization, but also in leaves of AMF-colonized irCCaMK plants, and in plants grown under low Pi conditions in the absence of AMF. The P-starvation signature of inoculated irCCaMK plants corresponded with increases in selected amino acids and phenolic compounds in leaves. We also found a strong AMF-induced increase in amino acids and phenolic metabolites in roots. plants impaired in their interactions with AMF clearly have a fitness disadvantage when competing for limited soil nutrients with a fully functional isogenic line. The additional role of the AMF-induced Phtl family transporter NaPT5 in leaves under P-starvation conditions will require further experiments to fully resolve.

关键词： William J. Lucas University of California Davis USA

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Finding Evidenee for Whole Genome Duplications: A Reappraisal

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Molecular plant 2019年第2期12卷 133-136页

作者： Arthur Zwaenepoel Zhen Li Rolf Lohaus Yves Van de Peer department of plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Ghent University 9052 Ghent Belgium Center for plant Systems Biology VIB 9052 Ghent Belgium Center for Microbial ecology and Genomics Department of Biochemistry Genetics and Microbiology University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa

Dear Editor, Recently, Ren et al. reported an extensive analysis of the incidence of whole genome duplications (WGDs) throughout the evolutionary history of extant angiosperms (Ren et al., 2018). Examining a wealth of genomic data (36 complete genomes and 69 transcriptomic datasets) using commonly applied methods, they detected and located 55 WGDs throughout the an giosperm phylogeny.

关键词： Finding Evidenee Whole Genome Duplications Reappraisal

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Soil respiration is driven by fine root biomass along a forest chronosequence in subtropical China

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Journal of plant ecology 2017年第1期10卷 36-46页

作者： Chao Wang Yinlei Ma Stefan Trogisch Yuanyuan Huang Yan Geng Michael Scherer-Lorenzen Jin-Sheng He department of ecology College of Urban and Environmental Sciencesand Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of EducationPeking University5 Yiheyuan RoadBeijing 100871China department for geobotany Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical GardenMartin-Luther-University Halle-WittenbergAm Kirchtor 1Halle(Saale)D-06108Germany German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research(iDiv)Halle-Jena-Leipzig Deutscher Platz 5eLeipzig D-04103Germany Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences12 Zhongguancun South StreetBeijing 100081China Faculty of Biology/geobotany University of Freiburg79104 FreiburgGermany

Aims Soil respiration(Rs)is a major process controlling soil carbon loss in forest ***,the underlying mechanisms leading to variation in Rs along forest successional gradients are not well *** this study,we investigated the effects of biotic and abiotic factors on Rs along a forest successional gradient in southeast *** We selected 16 plots stratified by forest age,ranging from 20 to 120 *** each plot,six shallow collars and six deep collars were permanently inserted into the *** and deep collars were used to measure Rs and heterotrophic respiration(Rh),*** soil respiration(Ra)was estimated as the difference between Rs and *** layer respiration(R_(L))was calculated by subtracting soil respiration measured in collars without leaf litter layer(R_(NL))from *** was measured every 2 months,and soil temperature(ST)and soil volumetric water content(SVWC)were recorded every hour for 19 *** calculated daily Rs using an exponential model dependent on *** Rs was summed to obtain cumulative annual Rs *** equation modelling(SEM)was applied to identify the drivers of Rs during forest *** Findings Rs showed significant differences among three successive stages,and it was the highest in the young *** was higher in the young stage than in the medium *** annual Rs and Ra peaked in the young and old stages,*** annual Rh and respiration measured from soil organic matter(R_(SOM))decreased,whereas R_(L)increased with forest *** SEM revealed that cumulative annual Rs was influenced by fine root biomass and *** results indicated that the dominant force regulating Rs on a seasonal scale is ST;however,on a successional scale,belowground carbon emerges as the dominant influential factor.

关键词： forest succession soil respiration fine root biomass soil temperature

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