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Non-alcohol fatty liver disease in Asia:Prevention and planning

World Journal of Hepatology 2015年第13期7卷 1788-1796页

作者： Sara Ashtari Mohamad Amin Pourhoseingholi Mohamad Reza Zali gastroenterology and liver Disease Research Center Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver DiseasesShahid Beheshti University of Medical Science

AIM:To review all of epidemiological aspects of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) and also prevent this disease is ***:We conducted a systematic review according to the PRISMA *** searches for writing this review is based on the papers was found in Pub Med(MEDLINE),Cochrane database and Scopus in August and September 2014 for topic of NAFLD in Asia and the way of prevention of this disease,with no language *** relevant articles were accessed in full text and all relevant materials was evaluated and ***:NAFLD is the most common liver disorder in worldwide,with an estimated with 20%-30% prevalence in Western countries and 2%-4% *** prevalence of NAFLD in Asia,depending on location(urban vs rural),gender,ethnicity,and age is variable between 15%-20%.According to the many studies in the world,the relationship between NAFLD,obesity,diabetes mellitus,and metabolic syndrome(MS) is quiet *** of NAFLD in Asian countries seems to be lower than the Western countries but,it has increased recently due to the rise of obesity,type 2 diabetes and MS in this *** of the main reasons for the increase in obesity,diabetes and MS in Asia is a lifestyle change and ***,NAFLD is recognized as a major chronic liver disease in ***,prevention of this disease in Asian countries is very important and the best strategy for prevention and control of NAFLD is lifestyle *** modification programs are typically designed to change bad eating habits and increase physical activity that is associated with clinically significant improvements in obesity,type 2 diabetes and ***:Prevention of NAFLD is very importantin Asian countries particularly in Arab countries because of high prevalence of obesity,diabetes and MS.

关键词： Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Metabolicrisk factors Asian countries Prevention

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Viral hepatitis:Past,present,and future

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World Journal of gastroenterology 2022年第14期28卷 1405-1429页

作者： Matthew August Odenwald Sonali Paul department of Medicine Section of GastroenterologyHepatologyand NutritionCenter for Liver DiseasesUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIL 60637United States

Each hepatitis virus—Hepatitis A,B,C,D,E,and G—poses a distinct scenario to the patient and clinician *** the discovery of each virus,extensive knowledge regarding epidemiology,virologic properties,and the natural clinical and immunologic history of acute and chronic infections has been *** discoveries about host immunologic responses to acute and chronic viral infections,combined with virologic data,has led to vaccines to prevent Hepatitis A,B,and E and highly efficacious antivirals for Hepatitis B and *** therapeutic breakthroughs are transforming the fields of hepatology,transplant medicine in general,and public and global *** notably,there is even an ambitious global effort to eliminate chronic viral hepatitis within the next *** attainable,there are many barriers to this goal that are being actively investigated in basic and clinical labs on the local,national,and international ***,we discuss pertinent clinical information and recent organizational guidelines for each of the individual hepatitis viruses while also synthesizing this information with the latest research to focus on exciting future directions for each virus.

关键词： Viral Hepatitis Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Hepatitis C Hepatitis D Hepatitis E Hepatitis G

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Thiopurines and inflammatory bowel disease: Current evidence and a historical perspective

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World Journal of gastroenterology 2016年第46期22卷 10103-10117页

作者： Jordan E Axelrad Abhik Roy Garrett Lawlor Burton Korelitz Simon Lichtiger department of Medicine Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases Columbia University Medical Center department of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology University of California department of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Northwell Health Lenox Hill Hospital

The use of thiopurines in inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) has been examined in numerous prospective, controlled trials, with a majority demonstrating a clinical benefit. We conducted this review to describe the historical and current evidence in the use of thiopurines in IBD. A systematic search was performed on MEDLINE between 1965 and 2016 to identify studies on thiopurines in IBD. The most robust evidence for thiopurines in IBD includes induction of remission in combination with anti-tumor necrosis factor(antiTNF) agents, and maintenance of remission and postoperative maintenance in Crohn's disease. Less evidence exists for thiopurine monotherapy in induction of remission, maintenance of ulcerative colitis, chemoprevention of colorectal cancer, and in preventing immunogenicity to anti-TNF. Evidence was often limited by trial design. Overall, thiopurines have demonstrated efficacy in a broad range of presentations of IBD. With more efficacious novel therapeutic agents, the positioning of thiopurines in the management of IBD will change and future studies will analyze the benefit of thiopurines alone and in conjunction with these new medications.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Ulcerative colitis Crohn’s disease Thiopurines Mercaptopurine Azathioprine

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Molecular prognostic prediction in liver cirrhosis

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World Journal of gastroenterology 2015年第36期21卷 10262-10273页

作者： Nicolas Goossens Shigeki Nakagawa Yujin Hoshida Division of liver diseases Department of MedicineLiver Cancer ProgramTisch Cancer InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Division of gastroenterology and Hepatology Geneva University Hospital

The natural history of cirrhosis varies and therefore prognostic prediction is critical given the sizable patient population. A variety of clinical prognostic indicators have been developed and enable patient risk stratification although their performance is somewhat limited especially within relatively earlier stage of disease. Molecular prognostic indicators are expected to refine the prediction,and potentially link a subset of patients with molecular targeted interventions that counteract poor prognosis. Here we overview clinical and molecular prognostic indicators in the literature,and discuss critical issues to successfully define,evaluate,and deploy prognostic indicators as clinical scores or tests. The use of liver biopsy has been diminishing due to sampling variability on fibrosis assessment and emergence of imaging- or lab testbased fibrosis assessment methods. However,recent rapid developments of genomics technologies and selective molecular targeted agents has highlighted the need for biopsy tissue specimen to explore and establish molecular information-guided personalized/stratified clinical care,and eventually achieve "precision medicine".

关键词： Cirrhosis Gene expression Prognosis Hepatocellular

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Nomogram for overall survival in ampullary adenocarcinoma using the surveillance,epidemiology,and end results database and external validation

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2025年第2期16卷 36-51页

作者： Jia Yang Zi-Yi Wang Jing Chen Yao Zhang Lei Chen department of gastroenterology The First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical UniversityChongqing 400038China department of Epidemiology College of Preventive MedicineArmy Medical UniversityChongqing 400038China

BACKGROUND Ampullary adenocarcinoma is a rare malignant tumor of the gastrointestinal ***,only a few cases have been reported,resulting in limited information on *** To develop a dynamic nomogram using internal and external validation to predict survival in patients with ampullary *** Data were sourced from the surveillance,epidemiology,and end results stat *** patients in the database were randomized in a 7:3 ratio into training and validation *** Cox regression univariate and multivariate analyses in the training group,we identified independent risk factors for overall survival and cancer-specific survival to develop the *** nomogram was validated with a cohort of patients from the First Affiliated Hospital of the Army Medical *** For overall and cancer-specific survival,12(sex,age,race,lymph node ratio,tumor size,chemotherapy,surgical modality,T stage,tumor differentiation,brain metastasis,lung metastasis,and extension)and 6(age;surveillance,epidemiology,and end results stage;lymph node ratio;chemotherapy;surgical modality;and tumor differentiation)independent risk factors,respectively,were incorporated into the *** area under the curve values at 1,3,and 5 years,respectively,were 0.807,0.842,and 0.826 for overall survival and 0.816,0.835,and 0.841 for cancer-specific *** internal and external validation cohorts indicated good consistency of the *** The dynamic nomogram offers robust predictive efficacy for the overall and cancer-specific survival of ampullary adenocarcinoma.

关键词： Ampullary adenocarcinoma Dynamic nomogram Gastrointestinal tract Surveillance Epidemiology End results database Survival rate

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Hepatocellular carcinoma in Asia: Prevention strategy and planning

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World Journal of Hepatology 2015年第12期7卷 1708-1717页

作者： Sara Ashtari Mohamad Amin Pourhoseingholi Afsaneh Sharifian Mohamad Reza Zali gastroenterology and liver diseases Research Center Research Institute for Gastroen- terology and Liver Diseases Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences

AIM: To review all of epidemiological and etiological aspects of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) and examined the prevention of this disease in ***: We conducted a systematic review according to the PRISMA guidelines. We were chosen articles that published previously, from Pub Med(MEDLINE), the Cochrane database and Scopus. The key words used in this research were as follows: HCC in Asia and the way of prevention of this disease, with no language limitations. We selected those papers published before 2014 that we considered to be most important and appropriate. All relevant articles were accessed in full text and all relevant materials was evaluated and ***: More than 70% of all new cases of liver cancer were diagnosed in Asia, a region that 75% of all those chronically infected with hepatitis B virus(HBV) in the world. Chronic HBV infection is the main cause of HCC in Asia, where the virus is endemic and vertical transmission is common. Japan, Saudi Arabia, Egypt and Pakistan are exception because of high prevalence of HCV infection in these regions. The prevalence of this cancer is high in Eastern and South-Eastern Asia, But Middle Eastern countries are characterized as moderate prevalence rate of HCC region and Central Asia and some part of Middle Eastern countries are known as low prevalence rate of HCC. In addition of HBV and HCV the other factors such as aflatoxin, alcohol, obesity, diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) might be responsible for a low prevalence of HCC in Asian countries. Currently available HCC therapies, chemotherapy, surgical are inefficient, mainly due to usually late diagnosis and high recurrence rates after surgical resection, and usually end with treatment failure. liver transplantation also remains as a difficult strategy in patients with HCC. Thus prevention of HCC by treating and prevention HBV and HCV infection, the major causative agents of HCC, and the other riskfactors such as aflatoxin, alcohol

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Viral hepatitis Prevention strategy Asian countries

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Guidelines for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2021年第5期9卷 769-791页

作者： Guiqiang Wang Zhongping Duan Chinese Society of Infectious diseases,Chinese Medical Association Chinese Society of Hepatology,Chinese Medical Association Center for liver diseases Department of Infectious DiseasesPeking University First Hospital department of Infectious and liver diseases Peking University International HospitalBeijingChina

To achieve the goal of the World Health Organization to eliminate viral hepatitis as a major public health threat by 2030,the Chinese Society of Infectious diseases and the Chinese Society of Hepatology convened an expert panel in 2019 to update the guidelines for the prevention and treatment of chronic hepatitis B(CHB).The current guidelines cover recent advances in basic,clinical,and preventive studies of CHB infection and consider the actual situation in *** guidelines are intended to provide support for the prevention,diagnosis,and treatment of CHB.

关键词： Hepatitis B Chronic Guidelines Prevention Treatment

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Entecavir as treatment for reactivation of hepatitis B in immunosuppressed patients

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World Journal of gastroenterology 2010年第43期16卷 5447-5451页

作者： Sylvia Brost Paul Schnitzler Wolfgang Stremmel Christoph Eisenbach department of gastroenterology and Infectious diseases University of Heidelberg department of Infectious diseases Virology University of Heidelberg

AIM: To study the efficacy and safety of entecavir (ETV) as first-line therapy for hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation due to immunosuppression. METHODS: Four patients that were treated with different immunosuppressive regimens for hematological malignancies, who presented with HBV reactivation were treated with ETV. Clinical outcome, biochemical and virological factors, including quantitative hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) were studied. RESULTS: In all patients, ETV induced suppression of HBV, and rapid clinical improvement without side effects. In one patient with an alanine aminotransferase (ALT) flare, tenofovir was added after 3 mo of treatment. Until death from disease progression at 6 mo after treatment initiation, this patient did not clear HBV infection. Retrospectively, it is highly probable that thepatient had been non-adherent. In the other three patients, the virological responses were associated with an expeditious decrease in quantitative HBsAg titers with negativity after 2 mo, and all three had HBsAg seroconversion. In one patient, HBV DNA reached a plateau after 3 mo, before becoming undetectable after 1 year, despite early ALT normalization and undetectable quantitative HBsAg. CONCLUSION: ETV seems to be effective and safe treatment for HBV reactivation. Monitoring of quantitative HBsAg might be an additional useful tool to monitor treatment response.

关键词： Hepatitis B virus Entecavir Immunosuppression Hepatitis B surface antigen Seroconversion

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Bile acid receptors and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

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World Journal of Hepatology 2015年第28期7卷 2811-2818页

作者： Liyun Yuan Kiran Bambha department of gastroenterology and liver diseases Keck USC School of Medicine University of Southern California Division of gastroenterology and Hepatology University of Colorado

With the high prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and otherfeatures of the metabolic syndrome in United States, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) has inevitably become a very prevalent chronic liver disease and is now emerging as one of the leading indications for liver transplantation. Insulin resistance and derangement of lipid metabolism, accompanied by activation of the pro-inflammatory response and fibrogenesis, are essential pathways in the development of the more clinically significant form of NAFLD, known as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH). Recent advances in the functional characterization of bile acid receptors, such as farnesoid X receptor(FXR) and transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor(TGR) 5, have provided further insight in the pathophysiology of NASH and have led to the development of potential therapeutic targets for NAFLD and NASH. Beyond maintaining bile acid metabolism, FXR and TGR5 also regulate lipid metabolism, maintain glucose homeostasis, increase energy expenditure, and ameliorate hepatic inflammation. These intriguing features have been exploited to develop bile acid analogues to target pathways in NAFLD and NASH pathogenesis. This review provides a brief overview of the pathogenesis of NAFLD and NASH, and then delves into the biological functions of bile acid receptors, particularly with respect to NASH pathogenesis, with a description of the associated experimental data, and, finally, we discuss the prospects of bile acid analogues in the treatment of NAFLD and NASH.

关键词： Bile acids Bile acid receptors Nonalcoholicsteatohepatitis Farnesoid X receptor TransmembraneG protein-coupled receptor 5 Nonalcoholic fatty liverdisease Hepatic steatosis

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Effects of Bifidobacterium lactis BLa80 on fecal and mucosal flora and stem cell factor/c-kit signaling pathway in simulated microgravity rats

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World Journal of gastroenterology 2025年第1期31卷 93-109页

作者： Ping Zhang Ying Zhu Pu Chen Tong Zhou Zhe-Yi Han Jun Xiao Jian-Feng Ma Wen Ma Peng Zang Ying Chen Graduate School Hebei North UniversityZhangjiakou 075000Hebei ProvinceChina Key Laboratory of Aerospace Nutrition and Food Engineering China Astronaut Research and Training CenterBeijing 100094China department of gastroenterology The Air Force Medical CenterBeijing 100142China department of Blood Transfusion Air Force Medical CenterBeijing 100142China

BACKGROUND Simulated microgravity environment can lead to gastrointestinal motility *** pathogenesis of gastrointestinal motility disorders is closely related to the stem cell factor(SCF)/c-kit signaling pathway associated with intestinal flora and Cajal stromal ***,intestinal flora can also affect the regulation of SCF/c-kit signaling pathway,thus affecting the expression of Cajal stromal *** cells are the pacemakers of gastrointestinal *** To investigate the effects of Bifidobacterium lactis(***)BLa80 on the intestinal flora of rats in simulated microgravity and on the gastrointestinal motility-related SCF/c-kit *** The internationally recognized tail suspension animal model was used to simulate the microgravity environment,and 30 rats were randomly divided into control group,tail suspension group and drug administration tail suspension group with 10 rats in each group for a total of 28 *** tail group was given *** BLa80 by intragastric administration,and the other two groups were given water intragastric administration,the concentration of intragastric administration was 0.1 g/mL,and each rat was 1 mL/***&eosin staining was used to observe the histopathological changes in each segment of the intestine of each group,and the expression levels of SCF,c-kit,extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK)and p-ERK in the gastric antrum of each group were detected by Western blotting and *** fecal flora and mucosal flora of rats in each group were detected by 16S *** Simulated microgravity resulted in severe exfoliation of villi of duodenum,jejunum and ileum in rats,marked damage,increased space between villi,loose arrangement,shortened columnar epithelium of colon,less folds,narrower mucosal thickness,reduced goblet cell number and crypts,and significant improvement after probiotic *** microgravity reduced the expressions of SCF and c-kit,and increased the express

关键词： Simulated microgravity Rat Intestinal flora Gastrointestinal motility Stem cell factor/c-kit signaling pathway

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