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Outcomes of surrogate pregnancies in California and hospital economics of surrogate maternity and newborn care

World Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2015年第4期4卷 102-107页

作者： Yona Nicolau Austin Purkeypile T Allen Merritt Mitchell Goldstein Bryan Oshiro department of Pediatrics Division of NeonatologyLoma Linda University Children’s Hospital department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Loma Linda University Children’s Hospital Office of Finance Loma Linda University Children’s Hospital

AIM:To describe maternity and newborn charges for an economic analysis of surrogate pregnancies on the health care resource ***:A retrospective chart review of all women identified as being surrogates and the infants born from these pregnancies was performed between January 1,2012 and December 31,*** maternity diagnoses,mode of delivery,duration of hospitalization,and hospital charges were collected together with infants' birth weights,gestational age,length of hospital stay,and hospital *** associated with the in vitro fertilization cycles,artificial insemination,or embryo(s)transfer into the surrogate were not considered in the maternity charges.A ratio contrasting the maternity hospital charges for the surrogate carrier was compared as a ratio to the mean charges for 2540 infants delivered in 2013 after naturalconception and adjusted to the baseline hospital charges for both maternity and newborn ***:Analysis of sixty-nine infants delivered from both gestational and traditional surrogate women found an increased in multiple births,NICU admission,and length of stay with hospital charges several multiples beyond that of a term infant conceived naturally and provided care in our *** singletons and twins(per infant)hospital charges were increased 26 times(P < 0.001)and in triplets charges were increased 173 times(P < 0.0001)when compared to a term infant provided care in a normal nursery at our ***:Maternity costs for surrogates exceed those of women who conceive naturally,and these costs are especially magnified in women with triplets and multiple births.

关键词： Surrogacy pregnancy Assisted reproductive technologies Prematurity Multiple gestations

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Time to detoxify medical literature from guideline overdose

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第26期18卷 3331-3335页

作者： Dinesh Vyas Arpita K Vyas department of Surgery Nanomedical OncoSepsis LabInstitute of International HealthCollege of Human MedicineMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824United States Pediatric Endocrinology Department of Pediatrics and Human DevelopmentMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824United States

The current financial turmoil in the United States has been attributed to multiple reasons including healthcare *** care spending has increased from 5.7 percent of the gross domestic product(GDP) in 1965 to 16 percent of the GDP in *** is driven with a goal to provide best possible care available at that period of *** are generally assumed to have the high level of certainty and security as conclusions generated by the conventional scientific method leading many clinicians to use guidelines as the final arbiters of *** provide the standard of care,physicians follow guidelines,proposed by either groups of physicians or various medical societies or government organizations like National Comprehensive Cancer *** has lead to multiple tests for the patient and has not survived the test of *** independence leads to lacunae in the standardization of guidelines,hence flooding of literature with multiple guidelines and confusion to patients and physicians and eventually overtreatment,inefficiency,and patient *** is an urgent need to restrict articles with Guidelines and develop some strategy like have an intermediate stage of pre-guidelines and after 5-10 years of trials,a systematic launch of the *** can be better ways than this for putting together guidelines as has been suggested by multiple authors and researchers.

关键词： Guidelines Controversies in medicine Conflict of interest Health economics Standard of care

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The <i>q</i>-Exponential Probability Discounting of Gain and Loss

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Applied Mathematics 2013年第6期4卷 876-881页

作者： Taiki Takahashi Ruokang Han Hiroshi Nishinaka Takaki Makino Hiroki Fukui department of Behavioral Science Center for Experimental Research in Social Science Faculty of Letters Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan department of Forensic Psychiatry National Institute of Mental Health National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Tokyo Japan

Probability discounting is defined as the devaluation of outcomes as the probability of receiving or paying those decreases. A q-exponential probability discounting model based on Tsallis’ statistics has been proposed in econophysics (Takahashi, 2007, Physica A). We examined (a) fitness of the models to behavioral data of probability discounting of both gain and loss;and (b) relationships between parameters in the q-exponential probability discounting model across gain and loss. Our results demonstrated that, for both gain and loss, the q-exponential model better fits the behavioral data than exponential and hyperbolic functions, and there is the sign effect in q-exponential probability discounting. Relationships between Kahneman-Tversky’s prospect theory in behavioral economics and the q-exponential probability discounting are high-lightened.

关键词： Probability Discounting Neuroeconomics Econophysics Tsallis’ Statistics

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A Postmodernist Strategy:Language Games

A Postmodernist Strategy:Language Games

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2011 International Conference on Languages,Literature and Linguistics （ICLLL 2011）

作者： Shahram Afrougheh Fatemeh Azizmohammadi Abdolreza Godarzi English Language and Literature department Post-Graduation Faculty Islamic Azad University English Language and Literature department Humanities Faculty Islamic Azad University

Jean-Fran?ois Lyotard is indeed the most influential analyst and proponent of postmodernism. In his revelatory work, The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge, he treats narrative pragmatics and language games as the bases for a critical approach to postmodern art and politics, as well as to the questions of morality, justice, and legitimacy. He insists on the obligation of philosophy, politics and writing to bear witness to heterogeneity and to what is repressed or forgotten in all representations of the past. He challenges the limits of philosophy, aesthetics and political theory in terms of problems linked to the irreducible complexities of art and literature and the nonrepresentational affects of historical – political events.

关键词： Language Games Event Metanarrative Heterogeneity Complexities Representation

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Investigating the Role of Libertarians and Information Specialists in Management of Digital Libraries in Libraries of Islamic Azad University-Region Seven

Investigating the Role of Libertarians and Information Speci...

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2012 International Conference on Knowledge, Culture and Society (ICKCS 2012)

作者： Ali Sarchami Faranak Mohsenzadeh department of Economic Sirjan BranchIslamic Azad UniversitySirjanIran department of information science Sirjan BranchIslamic Azad UniversitySirjanIran

The present research has been conducted qualitatively in order to investigate the role of librarians in information management of digital libraries in libraries of Islamic Azad University-Region *** sample for this study has been all 40 librarians and information specialists working in libraries of Islamic Azad University-Region seven.A questionnaire comprising 34 items was developed and distributed among librarians in order to investigate the role of librarians and information specialists in information management of digital libraries in libraries of Islamic Azad University-Region *** SPSS analysis of the findings showed that the librarians and information specialists ' low degree of familiarity with search strategies,digital libraries,the internet,search in the websites,data banks,data bases and average familiarity with Google search *** libraries possess sufficient facilities required for the development of digital libraries;however,the librarians and informants do not have the essential skills to make use f such *** a result,lack of sufficient facilities as well as effective education has been mentioned as the most important problems in the management of the *** librarians have not passed courses to familiarize with search strategies,digital libraries,the internet,search in the websites,data banks,and data bases.

关键词： Digital Libraries,Librarians and Informants,Islamic Azad University-Region Seven

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The Dicistroviridae: An Emerging Family of Invertebrate Viruses

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Virologica Sinica 2009年第5期24卷 415-427页

作者： Bryony C. Bonning department of Entomology Iowa State University 418 Science Ⅱ Ames IA 50011-3222 USA

Dicistroviruses comprise a newly characterized and rapidly expanding family of small RNA viruses of invertebrates. Several features of this virus group have attracted considerable research interest in recent years. In this review I provide an overview of the Dicistroviridae and describe progress made toward the understanding and practical application of dicistroviruses, including (i) construction of the first infectious clone of a dicistrovirus, (ii) use of the baculovirus expression system for production of an infectious dicistrovirus, (iii) the use of Drosophila C virus for analysis of host response to virus infection, and (iv) correlation of the presence of Israeli acute paralysis virus with honey bee colony collapse disorder. The potential use of dicistroviruses for insect pest management is also discussed. The structure, mechanism and practical use of the internal ribosome entry site (IRES) elements has recently been reviewed elsewhere.

关键词： Taxonomy Virion structure Disease and ecology Genomic structure

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Criteria for lung cancer screening and standardized management in China

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Chinese Medical Journal 2023年第14期136卷 1639-1641页

作者： Qi Wang Xiaoju Zhang Dawei Yang Li Bai Chunxue Bai department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianLiaoning 116000China department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Zhengzhou University People’s HospitalZhengzhouHenan 450053China Shanghai Engineer&Technology Research Center of Internet of Things for Respiratory Medicine Shanghai 200032China Shanghai Respiratory Research Institution Shanghai 200032China department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Xinqiao HospitalArmy Medical UniversityThird Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400037China

According to the latest Report of Cancer Epidemiology in China,^([1])published by the National Cancer Center(NCC),lung cancer is the malignancy with the highest incidence in China(57.26/100,000).We have developed the Evaluation of Pulmonary Nodules:Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines for Asia,^([2])and the Chinese Expert Consensus on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Nodules.^([3])To enhance the early diagnosis of lung cancer and improve the prognosis,we also developed the Chinese Expert Consensus on the Screening and Management of Lung Cancer.^([4])However,challenges remain in clinical practice,therefore,the Chinese Alliance Against Lung Cancer(CAALC)invited clinical,information technology(IT),and health economics experts to discuss these issues,and drafted this document,Criteria for Lung Cancer Screening and Standardized Management in China.^([5])

关键词： Lung lung diagnosis

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Volunteer High Performance Work Systems and Service Performance： An Empirical Study of Beijing Olympic Volunteers

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Frontiers of Business Research in China 2016年第4期10卷 605-635页

作者： Yujie Cai Jian Han Siqing Peng Luping Sun Centre for People and Organisation School of Management Swansea University Swansea SA1 8EN UK Institute of Leadership and Education Advanced Development Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University Suzhou 215123 China China Europe International Business School Beijing 100193 China Guanghua School of Management Peking University Beijing 100871 China Business School Central University of Finance and Economics Beijing 100081 China

This study examines the key human resources factors that affect volunteers＇ service performance from the perspectives of volunteers and managers in the Beijing Summer Olympic Games of 2008. Survey data were collected from 1,727 volunteers and 243 managers at the Beijing Olympics test events held at 10 venues between November 2007 and April 2008. Regression analyses and a moderation test were combined to test the hypotheses. A set of high performance work systems （HPWS） for volunteers in the Beijing Summer Olympic Games were developed which include performance management, training, recognition, teamwork and volunteer participation. Volunteer HPWS were positively related to psychological empowerment, which was in turn positively related to service recovery performance. Moreover, transformational leadership moderates the relationship between volunteer HPWS and psychological empowerment in such a way that the relationship is stronger when transformational leadership is at a higher level than when it is at a lower *** and limitations were also discussed.

关键词： Olympic volunteers high performance work system serviceperformance psychological empowerment transformational leadership

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棉铃虫的自然庇护所、抗性发展以及中国的零庇护所政策

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中国科学：生命科学 2010年第11期40卷 1074-1086页

作者：乔方彬黄季煜 ROZELLE Scott WILEN James 中央财经大学中国经济与管理研究院北京100081 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所中国科学院农业政策研究中心北京100101 Food Security and the Environment Program Freeman Spogli Institute of Intemational StudiesStanford UniversityEncina Hall EastE301StanfordCA 94305USA department of Agricultural and Resource economics University of CaliforniaDavisOne Shields AvenueDavisCalifornia 95616USA

本文旨在讨论天然庇护所作物在减缓棉铃虫抗性发展中的作用以及中国是否需要为转基因抗虫棉制定专门的庇护所政策.首先,描述了在制定庇护所政策时所需要考虑的各种因素;其次,为了科学合理地分析这些因素的影响,构建了一个生物经济学模... 详细信息

本文旨在讨论天然庇护所作物在减缓棉铃虫抗性发展中的作用以及中国是否需要为转基因抗虫棉制定专门的庇护所政策.首先,描述了在制定庇护所政策时所需要考虑的各种因素;其次,为了科学合理地分析这些因素的影响,构建了一个生物经济学模型并利用实证数据进行了量化分析.在模型分析过程中,考虑了多种方案以增强分析结果的稳定性和可靠性.结果表明,中国多样性的种植结构使玉米等作物成为棉铃虫的天然庇护所.换言之,在此情况下仍然要求农民种植一定比例的非转基因抗虫棉作为棉铃虫的专门庇护所是不经济的.

关键词：生物技术转Bt基因棉花抗性自然庇护所作物中国

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农村小学生性别与近视患病率的调查分析

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国际眼科杂志 2008年第12期8卷 2485-2486页

作者：司宏宗格鹏飞任晓岚 Park Albert 青岛大学计算科学与工程技术研究中心中国山东省青岛市266071 甘肃省疾病预防控制中心中国甘肃省兰州市730020 department of economics University of Michigan

目的:调查并分析1～5年级学生的近视患病率以及各年级男女学生之间的近视患病情况。方法:共调查天祝和永登两县1～5年级学生45414名,调查项目包括性别、年级和学生左右视力。结果:总的趋势是年级越高,学生的视力越低,3～5年级学生中,女... 详细信息

目的:调查并分析1～5年级学生的近视患病率以及各年级男女学生之间的近视患病情况。方法:共调查天祝和永登两县1～5年级学生45414名,调查项目包括性别、年级和学生左右视力。结果:总的趋势是年级越高,学生的视力越低,3～5年级学生中,女生的近视患病率要明显高于男生,两者之间有显著性差异(P<0.05),而1～2年级学生中近视患病率没有性别差异。结论:长时间学习是学生近视的最主要发病因素,女生的视力更容易受其影响。

关键词：性别视力年级

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