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Cholesterol metabolism: physiological versus pathological aspects in intracerebral hemorrhage

Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1015-1030页

作者： Ruoyu Huang Qiuyu Pang Lexin Zheng Jiaxi Lin Hanxi Li Lingbo Wan Tao Wang department of forensic Science School of Basic Medicine and Biological SciencesSuzhou Medicine College of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu ProvinceChina

Cholesterol is an important component of plasma membranes and participates in many basic life functions,such as the maintenance of cell membrane stability,the synthesis of steroid hormones,and *** plays a key role in the establishment and maintenance of the central nervous *** brain contains 20%of the whole body’s cholesterol,80%of which is located within myelin.A huge number of processes(e.g.,the sterol regulatory element-binding protein pathway and liver X receptor pathway)participate in the regulation of cholesterol metabolism in the brain via mechanisms that include cholesterol biosynthesis,intracellular transport,and *** brain injuries or diseases involving crosstalk among the processes above can affect normal cholesterol metabolism to induce detrimental ***,we hypothesized that cholesterol-related molecules and pathways can serve as therapeutic targets for central nervous system *** hemorrhage is the most severe hemorrhagic stroke subtype,with high mortality and *** cholesterol levels are associated with the risk of intracerebral ***,secondary pathological changes after intracerebral hemorrhage are associated with cholesterol metabolism dysregulation,such as neuroinflammation,demyelination,and multiple types of programmed cell *** cholesterol accumulation in the brain has been found after intracerebral *** this paper,we review normal cholesterol metabolism in the central nervous system,the mechanisms known to participate in the disturbance of cholesterol metabolism after intracerebral hemorrhage,and the links between cholesterol metabolism and cell *** also review several possible and constructive therapeutic targets identified based on cholesterol metabolism to provide cholesterol-based perspectives and a reference for those interested in the treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage.

关键词： cell death cholesterol metabolism intracerebral hemorrhage myelination therapeutic target

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Decline and fall of aging astrocytes:the human perspective

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1713-1714页

作者： Alexei Verkhratsky Alexey Semyanov Faculty of Biology Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK department of Neurosciences University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU and CIBERNEDLeioaSpain department of forensic Analytical Toxicology School of Forensic MedicineChina Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoning ProvinceChina department of Stem Cell Biology State Research Institute Centre for Innovative MedicineVilniusLithuania International Collaborative Center on Big Science Plan for Purinergic Signalling Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduSichuan ProvinceChina department of Physiology Jiaxing University College of MedicineJiaxingZhejiang ProvinceChina

“Last scene of all that ends this strange,eventful history,is second childishness and mere oblivion.I am sans teeth,sans eyes,sans taste,sans everything.”William Shakespeare‘As You Like It'Act 2,Sc.7,l.139Aging of the human brain is characterized by a progressive decline of its functional capacity;this decline however varies widely,and cognitive longevity differs substantially between individuals.

关键词： aging teeth progressive

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Mismatch negativity,social cognition,and functional outcomes in patients after traumatic brain injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2015年第4期10卷 618-623页

作者： Hui-yan Sun Qiang Li Xi-ping Chen Lu-yang Tao department of forensic medicine Soochow University department of forensic medicine Chifeng University

Mismatch negativity is generated automatically, and is an early monitoring indicator of neuronal integrity impairment and functional abnormality in patients with brain injury, leading to decline of cognitive function. Antipsychotic medication cannot affect mismatch negativity. The present study aimed to explore the relationships of mismatch negativity with neurocognition, daily life and social functional outcomes in patients after brain injury. Twelve patients with traumatic brain injury and 12 healthy controls were recruited in this study. We examined neurocogni-tion with the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised China, and daily and social functional outcomes with the Activity of Daily Living Scale and Social Disability Screening Schedule, re-spectively. Mismatch negativity was analyzed from electroencephalogram recording. The results showed that mismatch negativity amplitudes decreased in patients with traumatic brain injury compared with healthy controls. Mismatch negativity amplitude was negatively correlated with measurements of neurocognition and positively correlated with functional outcomes in patients after traumatic brain injury. Further, the most signiifcant positive correlations were found be-tween mismatch negativity in the fronto-central region and measures of functional outcomes. The most signiifcant positive correlations were also found between mismatch negativity at the FCz electrode and daily living function. Mismatch negativity amplitudes were extremely positive-ly associated with Social Disability Screening Schedule scores at the Fz electrode in brain injury patients. These experimental ifndings suggest that mismatch negativity might efifciently relfect functional outcomes in patients after traumatic brain injury.

关键词： nerve regeneration brain injury cognition disorders diagnostic techniques Wechsler Intelligence Scale event-related potential neuronal plasticity electrophysiology neuropsychology activity of daily living work capacity evaluation electroencephalogram neural regeneration NSFC grant

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Visual acuity evaluated by pattern-reversal visual-evoked potential is affected by check size/visual angle

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2012年第6期28卷 737-745页

作者： Xiping Chen Qianqian Li Xiaoqin Liu Li Yang Wentao Xia Luyang Tao Shanghai Key Lab of forensic medicine forensic Brain Laboratory Department of Forensic SciencesSoochow University department of forensic medicine Wannan Medical College

Objective To systemically explore the range of visual angles that affect visual acuity, and to establish the relationship between the P 1 component （peak latency -100 ms） of the pattern-reversal visual-evoked potential （PRVEP） and the visual acuity at particular visual angles. Methods Two hundred and ten volunteers were divided into seven groups, according to visual acuity as assessed by the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart （SLD-II）. For each group, the PRVEP components were elicited in response to visual angle presentations at 8°, 4°, 2°, 1°/60＇, 30＇, 15＇, and 7.5＇, in the whiteblack chess-board reversal mode with a contrast level of 100% at a frequency of 2 Hz. Visual stimuli were presented monocularly, and 200 presentations were averaged for each block of trials. The early and stable component P1 was recorded at the mid-line of the occipital region （Oz） and analyzed with SPSS 13.00. Results （1） Oz had the maximum Pl amplitude; there was no significant difference between genders or for interocular comparison in normal controls and subjects with optic myopia. （2） The P1 latency decreased slowly below 30＇, then increased rapidly. The P1 amplitude initially increased with check size, and was maximal at -1° and -30＇. （3） The P1 latency in the group with visual acuity 〈0.2 was signifi- cantly different at 8°, 15＇ and 7.5＇, while the amplitude differed at all visual angles, compared with the group with normal vision. Differences in P1 for the groups with 0.5 and 0.6 acuity were only present at visual angles 〈1°. （4） Regression analysis showed that the P1 latency and amplitude were associated with visual acuity over the full range of visual angles. There was a moderate correlation at visual angles 〈30＇. Regression equations were calculated for the P1 components and visual acuity, based on visual angle. Conclusion （1） Visual angle should be taken into consideration when exploring the function of the visual pathway, especially visual acuity. A visual angle -60＇ mig

关键词： visual acuity visual angle pattern-reversal visual-evoked potential check size regression equation

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Belgium experience in disaster victim identification applied in handling terrorist attack at Brussels Airport 2016

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forensic Sciences Research 2020年第3期5卷 223-231页

作者： Francois Beauthier Wim Van de Voorde Philippe Lefevre Jean-Pol Beauthier medicolegal and forensic Anthropology Unit Laboratory of AnatomyBiomechanics and OrganogenesisFaculty of MedicineUniversite libre de BruxellesBruxellesBelgium forensic Biomedical Sciences Department of Imaging and PathologyUniversity of LeuvenBelgium

The Belgian disaster victim identification(DVI)team is involved in many investigations in our ***,this specialized team of the federal police oversees searching for and investigating criminally buried dead bodies,identification of unknown putrefied corpses,and *** Belgian DVI team also assists with the identification of victims of mass disasters(natural,accidental,and mass murders).In this article,we consider the contributions of different teams(forensic pathology,anthropology,and odontology,federal police,and crime scene investigation)both on the scene of the attack at the Brussels National Airport(Zaventem)and in the laboratory work(autopsies,sample studies).

关键词： forensic sciences forensic pathology terrorist attack blast injury body fragments identification

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Mast cell tryptase and carboxypeptidase A expression in body fluid and gastrointestinal tract associated with drug-related fatal anaphylaxis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第47期21卷 13288-13293页

作者： Xiang-Jie Guo Ying-Yuan Wang Hao-Yue Zhang Qian-Qian Jin Cai-Rong Gao department of forensic medicine Shanxi Medical University

AIM: To investigate the expression of mast cell tryptase and carboxypeptidase A in drug-related fatal ***: The expression of mast cell tryptase and carboxypeptidase A in 15 autopsy cases of drugrelated fatal anaphylaxis and 20 normal autopsy cases were detected. First, the expression of mast cell tryptase was determined in stomach, jejunum, lung, heart, and larynx by immunofluorescence. Different tissues were removed and fixed in paraformaldehyde solution, then paraffin sections were prepared for immunofluorescence. Using specific mast cell tryptase and carboxypeptidase A antibodies, the expression of tryptase and carboxypeptidase A in gastroenterology tract and other tissues were observed using fluorescent microscopy. The postmortem serum and pericardial fluid were collected from drug-related fatal anaphylaxis and normal autopsy cases. The level of mast cell tryptase and carboxypeptidase A in postmortem serum and pericardial fluid were measured using fluor enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(FEIA) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) assay. The expression of mast cell tryptase and carboxypeptidase A was analyzed in drug-related fatal anaphylaxis cases and compared to normal autopsy ***: The expression of carboxypeptidase A was less in the gastroenterology tract and other tissues from anaphylaxis-related death cadavers than normal controls. Immunofluorescence revealed that tryptase expression was significantly increased in multiple organs, especially the gastrointestinal tract, from anaphylaxis-related death cadavers compared to normal autopsy cases(46.67 ± 11.11 vs 4.88 ± 1.56 in stomach, 48.89 ± 11.02 vs 5.21 ± 1.34 in jejunum, 33.72 ± 5.76 vs 1.30 ± 1.02 in lung, 40.08 ± 7.56 vs 1.67 ± 1.03 in larynx, 7.11 ± 5.67 vs 1.10 ± 0.77 in heart, P < 0.05). Tryptase levels, as measured with FEIA, were significantly increased in both sera(43.50 ± 0.48 μg/L vs 5.40 ± 0.36 μg/L, P < 0.05) and pericardial fluid(28.64 ± 0.32 μg/L vs 4.60 ± 0.48

关键词： Gastrointestinal tract Drug-related fatalanaphylaxis forensic Pathology Mast cell carboxypeptidaseA Mast cell tryptase

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Fatal meningococcal meningitis in a 2-year-old child:A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2019年第5期7卷 636-641页

作者： Aleksander Mularski Czesław Żaba department of Legal and forensic medicine Poznan University of Medical Sciences Institute of forensic Research

BACKGROUND In fatal cases of meningococcal septicemia, bacteriological diagnosis may not be straightforward due to postmortem replication and relocation of endogenic microflora. In medicolegal practice, aside from routine autopsy and histopathology, also other diagnostic methods, such as microbiological tests,immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction(PCR), are used to examine body fluids and *** SUMMARY We present the case of sudden death in a 2-year-old child. The patient died approximately 30 min after hospital admission before any routine diagnostic procedures were undertaken. Presence of whole-body rash and fulminant course of the disease raised suspicion of meningococcal septicemia. An autopsy was performed seven days after death when the body showed the signs of late postmortem decomposition. No etiological factor of septicemia could be identified based on macro-and microscopic findings. However, PCR demonstrated the presence of genetic material of group W Neisseria meningitidis in patient's cerebrospinal fluid and *** Microbiological PCR should be conducted postmortem whenever a specific etiological factor could not be identified with conventional methods.

关键词： Meningococcal infection Molecular microbiology Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome Neisseria meningitidis Autopsy Cerebrospinal fluid Case report

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Estimation of the age of human semen stains by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy:a preliminary study

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forensic Sciences Research 2020年第2期5卷 119-125页

作者： Shuai Zha Xin Wei Ruoxi Fang Qi Wang Hancheng Lin Kai Zhang Haohui Zhang Ruina Liu Zhouru Li Ping Huang Zhenyuan Wang department of forensic Pathology Xi’an Jiaotong University School of MedicineXi’anChina department of forensic medicine Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina department of forensic medicine Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina department of forensic Pathology Academy of Forensic ScienceShanghaiChina

Semen stain is one of the most important biological evidence at sexual crime *** estimation of human semen stains plays an important role in forensic work,and it is rarely studied due to lack of well-established *** this study,the technique called attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(ATR-FTIR)coupled with advanced chemometric methods was employed to determine the age of semen stains on three different substrates:glass slides,tissues and fabric made of regenerated cellulose fibres up to 6 *** least squares regression(PLSR)was used in conjunction with spectral analysis for age estimation,and the results generated high R2 values(cross-validation:0.81,external validation:0.74)but a narrow margin of error for root mean square error(RMSE)(RMSE of cross-validation:0.77 d,RMSE of prediction:1.02 d).Additionally,our results indicated the robustness of PLSR model was not weaken by the influence of different substrates in this *** results indicate that ATR-FTIR,combined with chemometric methods,shows great potential as a convenient and efficient tool for age estimation of semen ***,the method could be applied to routine forensic investigations in the future.

关键词： forensic sciences forensic medicine semen stain age estimation spectroscopy Fourier transform infrared chemometrics

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Protective effect of alpha-synuclein knockdown on methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity in dopaminergic neurons

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Neural Regeneration Research 2014年第9期9卷 951-958页

作者： Yunchun Tai Ling Chen Enping Huang Chao Liu Xingyi Yang Pingming Qiu Huijun Wang department of forensic medicine School of Basic Medical Sciences Southern Medical University Guangzhou forensic Science Institute

The over-expression of α-synuclein is a major factor in the death of dopaminergic neurons in a methamphetamine-induced model of Parkinson’s disease. In the present study, α-synuclein knockdown rats were created by injecting α-synuclein-shRNA lentivirus stereotaxically into the right striatum of experimental rats. At 2 weeks post-injection, the rats were injected intraper-itoneally with methamphetamine to establish the model of Parkinson’s disease. Expression of α-synuclein mRNA and protein in the right striatum of the injected rats was significantly down-regulated. Food intake and body weight were greater in α-synuclein knockdown rats, and water intake and stereotyped behavior score were lower than in model rats. Striatal dopamine and tyrosine hydroxylase levels were significantly elevated in α-synuclein knockdown rats. Moreover, superoxide dismutase activity was greater in α-synuclein knockdown rat striatum, but the levels of reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, nitric oxide synthase and nitrogen monoxide were lower compared with model rats. We also found that α-synuclein knockdown inhibited metham-phetamine-induced neuronal apoptosis. These results suggest that α-synuclein has the capacity to reverse methamphetamine-induced apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons in the rat striatum by inhibiting oxidative stress and improving dopaminergic system function.

关键词： nerve regeneration α-synuclein Parkinson’s disease methamphetamine dopaminergic neurons neurotoxicity striatum oxidative stress apoptosis NSFC grant neural regeneration

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Segmental hair analysis for flunitrazepam and 7-aminoflunitrazepam in users:a comparison to existing literature

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forensic Sciences Research 2022年第2期7卷 299-307页

作者： Yue Zhuo Ping Xiang Jingjie Wu Xin Wang department of forensic medicine Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangChina department of forensic Toxicology Academy of Forensic ScienceShanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic MedicineShanghaiChina Institute of forensic medicine Guizhou Police CollegeGuiyangChina

The availability of more quantitative data on flunitrazepam(FLU)and 7-aminoflunitrazepam(7AF)would aid in obtaining a better understanding of the interpretation of FLU concentrations in human *** purpose of this study was to provide concentrations of FLU and 7AF in hair segments of 22 FLU *** data regarding hair concentrations of FLU and 7AF from various types of cases were also reviewed to give a comprehensive overview of the comparability of different *** to six 1 cm segments of scalp hair from 22 FLU users were analyzed by a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry(LC–MS/MS)*** and its metabolite were confirmed in the hair segments from all *** of FLU and 7AF in the segments ranged from 0.01–0.16 ng/mg(median of 0.03)and 0.01–0.34 ng/mg(median of 0.09),*** cases had FLU and 7AF distributions along the hair segments that were suggestive of repeated drug use.A summary of the published concentrations gives valuable data and can assist forensic investigators in their estimations of drug use history and patterns.

关键词： forensic sciences forensic toxicology segmental hair analysis flunitrazepam 7-aminoflunitrazepam liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

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