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Genes and proteins expressed at different life cycle stages in the model protist Euplotes vannus revealed by both transcriptomic and proteomic approaches

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science China Life sciences 2025年第1期68卷 232-248页

作者： Yaohan Jiang Xiao Chen Chundi Wang Liping Lyu Saleh A.Al-Farraj Naomi A.Stover Feng Gao Key Laboratory of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity (Ministry of Education) and Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity Ocean University of China Marine College Shandong University Zoology department College of ScienceKing Saud University department of Biology Bradley University Laboratory for Marine Biology and biotechnology Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center

Sexual reproduction first appeared in unicellular protists and has continued to be an essential biological process in almost all *** protists, which contain both germline and somatic genomes within a single cell, have evolved a special form of sexual reproduction called conjugation that involves mitosis, meiosis, fertilization, nuclear differentiation, genome rearrangement, and the development of unique cellular structures. The molecular basis and mechanisms of conjugation vary dramatically among ciliates, and many details of the process and its regulation are still largely unknown. In order to better comprehend these processes and mechanisms from an evolutionary perspective, this study provides the first comprehensive overview of the transcriptome and proteome profiles during the entire life cycle of the newly-established marine model ciliate Euplotes vannus. Transcriptome analyses from 14 life cycle stages(three vegetative stages and 11 sexual stages) revealed over 26,000 genes that are specifically expressed at different stages, many of which are related to DNA replication,transcription, translation, mitosis, meiosis, nuclear differentiation, and/or genome rearrangement. Quantitative proteomic analyses identified 338 proteins with homologs associated with conjugation and/or somatic nuclear development in other ciliates, including dicer-like proteins, Hsp90 proteins, RNA polymerase Ⅱ and transcription elongation factors, ribosomal-associated proteins, and ubiquitin-related proteins. Four of these homologs belong to the PIWI family, each with different expression patterns identified and confirmed by RT-qPCR,which may function in small RNA-mediated genome rearrangement. Proteins involved in the nonhomologous end-joining pathway are induced early during meiosis and accumulate in the developing new somatic nucleus, where more than 80% of the germline sequences are eliminated from the somatic genome. A number of new candidate genes and proteins likely t

关键词： sexual reproduction transcriptomic proteomic genome rearrangement PIWI NHEJ

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Role of copper chelating agents: between old applications and new perspectives in neuroscience

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 751-762页

作者： Rosalba Leuci Leonardo Brunetti Vincenzo Tufarelli Marco Cerini Marco Paparella Nikola Puvača Luca Piemontese department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical science University of Bari Aldo MoroBariItaly department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area(DiMePRe-J) Section of Veterinary Science and Animal ProductionUniversity of Bari Aldo MoroBariItaly department of Engineering Management in biotechnology Faculty of Economics and Engineering Management in Novi SadUniversity Business Academy in Novi SadNovi SadSerbia

The role of copper element has been an increasingly relevant topic in recent years in the fields of human and animal health, for both the study of new drugs and innovative food and feed supplements. This metal plays an important role in the central nervous system, where it is associated with glutamatergic signaling, and it is widely involved in inflammatory processes. Thus, diseases involving copper(Ⅱ) dyshomeostasis often have neurological symptoms, as exemplified by Alzheimer's and other diseases(such as Parkinson's and Wilson's diseases). Moreover, imbalanced copper ion concentrations have also been associated with diabetes and certain types of cancer, including glioma. In this paper, we propose a comprehensive overview of recent results that show the importance of these metal ions in several pathologies, mainly Alzheimer's disease, through the lens of the development and use of copper chelators as research compounds and potential therapeutics if included in multi-target hybrid drugs. Seeing how copper homeostasis is important for the well-being of animals as well as humans, we shortly describe the state of the art regarding the effects of copper and its chelators in agriculture, livestock rearing, and aquaculture, as ingredients for the formulation of feed supplements as well as to prevent the effects of pollution on animal productions.

关键词： agriculture Alzheimer's disease chelators copper feed supplements multi-target

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Reconstruction characteristics of gut microbiota from patients with type 1 diabetes affect the phenotypic reproducibility of glucose metabolism in mice

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science China Life sciences 2025年第1期68卷 176-188页

作者： Zhiyi Wang Mengxue Gong Yuanyuan Fang Huijuan Yuan Chenhong Zhang State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism School of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong University department of Endocrinology Henan Provincial People's HospitalPeople's Hospital of Zhengzhou University

The human microbiota-associated(HMA) mice model, especially the germ-free(GF)-humanized mice, has been widely used to probe the causal relationships between gut microbiota and human diseases such as type 1 diabetes(T1D). However, most studies have not clarified the extent to which the reconstruction of the human donor microbiota in recipient mice correlates with corresponding phenotypic reproducibility. In this study, we transplanted fecal microbiota from five patients with T1D and four healthy people into GF mice, and microbiota from each donor were transplanted into 10 mice. Mice with similar microbiota structure to the donor exhibited better phenotypic reproducibility. The characteristics of the microbial community assembly of donors also influenced the phenotypic reproducibility in mice, and individuals with a higher proportion of stochastic processes showed more severe disorders. Microbes enriched in patients with T1D had a stronger colonization potential in mice with impaired glucose metabolism, and microbiota functional features related to T1D were better reproduced in these mice. This indicates that assembly traits and colonization efficacy of microbiota influence phenotypic reproducibility in GF-humanized mice. Our findings provide important insights for using HMA mice models to explore links between gut microbiota and human diseases.

关键词： gut microbiome human microbiota-associated animal model type 1 diabetes

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Combination of fruquintinib with venetoclax for the treatment of colorectal cancer

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Oncology Research 2025年第1期33卷 225-234页

作者： WEI ZHANG WEICHENG WANG RUI WANG XIAO HAN LIJUN ZHU WENJIE GUO YANHONG GU department of Oncology The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210029China State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical biotechnology School of Life SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjing210023China department of Oncology The Affiliated Taizhou People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityTaizhou225300China

Background:As a novel blocker of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor(VEGFR),fruquintinib has been approved for treating colorectal cancer(CRC).However,its dosage and therapeutic efficacy are limited by its widespread adverse ***,recognized as the initial inhibitor of B-cell lymphoma protein 2(BCL2),has shown potential in boosting the effectiveness of immunotherapy against *** study investigated the efficacy and mechanisms of fruquintinib combined with venetoclax in treating *** and Materials:We developed a colon cancer mouse model with the CT26 colon cell line to demonstrate fruquintinib and venetoclax’s efficacy against *** we employed various techniques to evaluate different aspects of the experimental *** was used to detect cell proliferation and angiogenesis in tumor *** blot analysis was utilized to examine the occurrence of cell apoptosis,and flow cytometry to quantitate immune cells within the tumor ***,immunofluorescence was employed to measure cytokine ***:The strongest inhibition on tumor growth was achieved by the combination of fruquintinib with venetoclax,as opposed to individual drug *** was found to amplify the impact of fruquintinib,leading to decreased cancer cell proliferation,increased cancer cell apoptosis,lowered angiogenesis,better vascular structure normalization,and improved immune cell ***:Our findings indicate that the addition of venetoclax enhances the impact of fruquintinib on vascular normalization and modulation of the tumor immune *** study presents the justification for utilizing the fruquintinib and venetoclax combination in treating *** holds promise in being assimilated into anticancer medications for CRC.

关键词： Colorectal cancer(CRC) B-cell lymphoma protein 2(BCL2) Venetoclax Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor(VEGFR) Fruquintinib Anti-angiogenesis Immunotherapy

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Spontaneous Orientation Polarization of Anisotropic Equivalent Dipoles Harnessed by Entropy Engineering for Ultra‑Thin Electromagnetic Wave Absorber

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第1期17卷 424-438页

作者： Honghan Wang Xinyu Xiao Shangru Zhai Chuang Xue Guangping Zheng Deqing Zhang Renchao Che Junye Cheng Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic BiorefinerySchool of Light Industry and Chemical EngineeringDalian Polytechnic UniversityDalian 116034People’s Republic of China School of Life science and biotechnology Dalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024People’s Republic of China department of Mechanical Engineering Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong Kong 999077People’s Republic of China School of Materials science and Engineering Qiqihar UniversityQiqihar 161006People’s Republic of China Laboratory of Advanced Materials Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative MaterialsAcademy for Engineering&TechnologyFudan UniversityShanghai 200438People’s Republic of China department of Materials science Shenzhen MSU-BIT UniversityShenzhen 517182People’s Republic of China

The synthesis of carbon supporter/nanoscale high-entropy alloys(HEAs)electromagnetic response composites by carbothermal shock method has been identified as an advanced strategy for the collaborative competition engineering of conductive/dielectric *** migration modes within HEAs as manipulated by the electronegativity,valence electron configurations and molar proportions of constituent elements determine the steady state and efficiency of equivalent ***,enlightened by skin-like effect,a reformative carbothermal shock method using carbonized cellulose paper(CCP)as carbon supporter is used to preserve the oxygencontaining functional groups(O·)of carbonized cellulose fibers(CCF).Nucleation of HEAs and construction of emblematic shell-core CCF/HEAs heterointerfaces are inextricably linked to carbon metabolism induced by O·.Meanwhile,the electron migration mode of switchable electronrich sites promotes the orientation polarization of anisotropic equivalent *** virtue of the reinforcement strategy,CCP/HEAs composite prepared by 35%molar ratio of Mn element(CCP/HEAs-Mn_(2.15))achieves efficient electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorption of−51.35 dB at an ultra-thin thickness of 1.03 *** mechanisms of the resulting dielectric properties of HEAs-based EMW absorbing materials are elucidated by combining theoretical calculations with experimental characterizations,which provide theoretical bases and feasible strategies for the simulation and practical application of electromagnetic functional devices(e.g.,ultra-wideband bandpass filter).

关键词： High-entropy alloys Carbothermal shock Switchable electron migration modes Emblematic shell-core heterointerfaces Ultra-thin thickness

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Immune stimulatory activity of BRP-4,an acidic polysaccharide from an edible plant,Basella rubra L.

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2014年第11期7卷 849-853页

作者： Hye-Jin Park department of food science and biotechnology Gachon University

Objective:To evaluated the immunomodulatory effect of BRP-4,an acidic polysaccharide from Basella rubra(***) L on the macrophage ***:Phagocytic activity was determined by the ingestion of Latex Beads-Rabbit IgC-FITC using the fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry analysis and nitric oxide production was measured using Griess reaction ***:An enhanced production of NO was observed at 10 and 100 μg/mL of *** phagocytic activity of macrophage was enhanced in BRP-4 treated RAW264.7 ***-4combined with concanavalin A(Con A) provided obvious promotion and strengthening of the proliferation of the ***:BRP-4,polysaccharide isolated from ***,is suggested to activate macrophage function and stimulate splenocyte *** strong immunomodulatory activity of BRP-4 confirmed its good potential as an immunotherapeutic adjuvant.

关键词： BRP-4 Phagocytic activity Macrophage Splenocyte proliferation Immune stimunlatory

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NHC-mediated photocatalytic para-selective C–H acylation of aryl alcohols: regioselectivity control via remote radical spiro cyclization

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science China Chemistry 2025年

作者： Tinglei Zhang Lala Wang Xiaolin Peng Tianhui Liao Dongmei Chen Ting Tu Donghan Liu Ziye Cheng Shiqing Huang Shi-Chao Ren Xinglong Zhang Yonggui Robin Chi State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of Education Guizhou University Qiannan Medical College for Nationalities School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Nanyang Technological University department of Chemistry The Chinese University of Hong Kong Institute of High Performance Computing Agency for Science Technology and Research

Friedel-Crafts reaction and transition-metal catalysis represent primary methodologies for arene acylation; however, suffer from certain limitations, such as electronic effect-dependent reactivity, regioselectivity issues, the necessity of directing group, and relatively exceptionally limited exploration in meta-and para-acylations. N-heterocyclic carbene(NHC) catalysis has recently emerged as a promising alternative strategy for arene acylation, offering distinct regioselectivity profiles that are challenging to achieve through known methods. Herein, an NHC-mediated photo-catalytic para-selective C–H acylation of aryl alcohols is disclosed. The reaction employs a remote radical-induced temporary spiro cyclization strategy, proceeding via tandem radical dearomatization, radical acylation, rearomatization processes. Combined experimental and computational mechanistic studies support the proposed reaction pathway and observe an exclusive para-selectivity regardless of the nature of the substituents on the substrates. Despite the less satisfactory yields, the current method exhibits non-electronic nature-based reactivity and regioselectivity, enabling quick access to acylated arenes that are difficult or impossible for reported methods.

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Density Functional Study on the Mechanism of Amadori Rearrangement Reaction

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Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry 2011年第6期30卷 827-832页

作者：包秀秀陈祖琴谢湖均 department of Applied Chemistry School of Food Science and BiotechnologyZhejiang Gongshang University

The reaction mechanism of amadori rearrangement in the initial stage of Maillard reaction has been investigated by means of density functional theory calculations in the gaseous phase and aqueous *** ribose and glycine were taken as the model in the amadori *** mechanisms have been proposed,and possibility for the formation of different compounds has been evaluated through calculating the relative energy changes for different steps of the reaction by following the total mass *** calculations reveal that the amadori rearrangement initialized via the intramolecular rearrangement,transferring one proton from N（3） to O（4） *** the next step,the second proton is also transferred from N（3） to O（4） atom,corresponding to the cleavage of C（4）-O（4） bond and the release of one water *** another proton is transferred from N（3） to C（5） atom via TS3 with the reaction barrier of 58.3 kcal·mol-1 after tunneling the effect correction calculated at the B3LYP/6-31＋G（d） level of theory,and this step is rate limiting for the whole catalytic ***,the product is generated via keto-enolic *** calculation could provide insights into the reaction mechanism of Maillard reaction since experimental evaluation of the role of intermediates in the Maillard reaction is quite complicated.

关键词： DFT calculations amadori rearrangement reaction interstellar medium maillard reaction

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Insights from untargeted metabolomics: revealing potential marker compounds into the maturation of fermented chili

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food science and Human Wellness 2025年

作者： Shiyu Liu Mingyuan Yang Jianhua Zhao Meijuan Lei Jinlin Han Min Xu Ping Liu Jie Tang Hongbin Lin School of food and Bio-engineering， Xihua University China Agricultural University-Sichuan Advanced Agricultural & Industrial Institute Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing food Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province

Chili fermentation is one of the most important processes in the production of Pixian Douban (PXDB)， which determines the flavor and product quality of PXDB. However， the maturity of fermented chili mainly depends on empirical judgment， which can not satisfy the need for standardized production of PXDB. Therefore， this study aimed to investigate volatile and non-volatile substances during the maturation process and to find markers related to the maturity of fermented chili. GC×GC-MS combined with multivariate statistical analysis revealed that 2-methoxy-3-isobutyl pyrazine， linalool， 3-(methylthio)propionaldehyde， myrcene， and decanal (ROAV ≥ 1， VIP > 1， P < 0.05) were regarded as potentially active aromatic markers for differentiating fermentation time. Additionally， UPLC-QTOF-MS combined with multivariate statistical analysis resulted that 14 compounds can serve as differentiated non-volatile compounds. The correlation of maturity-related physico-chemical indicators with volatile and non-volatile compounds revealed that three volatile compounds (2-methoxy-3-isobutylpyrazine， linalool， and decanal) along with fructose and adenosine could serve as markers for evaluating the maturity of chili. This study is expected to establish a standard for the determination of maturity the fermented chili and lay the foundation for intelligent production of PXDB.

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A particle shape-based segmentation method to characterize spray dried materials by X-Ray microtomography

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Particuology 2023年第10期81卷 119-127页

作者： Nora Alina Ruprecht Heike Teichmann Reinhard Kohlus University of Hohenheim Institute of Food Science and BiotechnologyDepartment of Process Engineering and Food PowdersGarbenstr.2570599StuttgartGermany

For accurate description of particle structure,single particle properties are required so that the properties of interest can be expressed as distributed parameters.X-Ray microtomography of the powder bed with subsequent particle separation can be used for this *** this paper,a new algorithm for X-Ray microtomography images of spray dried particles was introduced since standard methods tend to fail if the particle size distribution is *** algorithm is based on 2D shape classification and subsequent 3D reconstitution of the particle using only a shape classifier as free *** proposed algorithm was validated *** the algorithm,single particle porosities were obtained,which ranged from 0 to 70%.Prerequisites for the application of the algorithm are that a shape classifier can be set and that the 3D shape is regular.

关键词： Spray drying Particle structure X-Ray microtomography Segmentation algorithm Porosity distribution

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