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Effect of supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and/or β-glucans on performance, feeding behaviour and immune status of Holstein Friesian bull calves during the pre-and post-weaning periods

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Journal of Animal Science and biotechnology 2019年第2期10卷 475-490页

作者： Ruairi P.McDonnell John V.O’Doherty Bernadette Earley Anne Marie Clarke David A.Kenny School of Agriculture Food Science and Veterinary MedicineUniversity College DublinBelfieldDublin 4Ireland Teagasc Animal and Bioscience Research department Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre(AGRIC)GrangeDunsanyCo.MeathIreland Present address:GippsDairy 71 Korumburra-Warragul RoadWarragulVIC 3820Australia.

Background: Previous research in both calves and other species has suggested n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA) and β-glucans may have positive effects on immune function. This experiment measured performance,behaviour, metabolite and immunological responses to pre-weaning supplementation of dairy bull calves with n-3 PUFA in the form of fish oil and β-glucans derived from seaweed extract. 44 Holstein Friesian bull calves, aged 13.7± 2.5 d and weighing 48.0 ± 5.8 kg were artificially reared using an electronic feeding system. Each calf was offered5 L(120 g/L) per day of milk replacer(MR) and assigned to one of four treatments included in the MR,(1) Control(CON);(2) 40 g n-3 PUFA per day(FO);(3) 1 g β-glucans per day(GL) and(4) 40 g n-3 PUFA per day & 1 g/d β-glucans(FOGL) in a 2 × 2 factorial design. Milk replacer and concentrate was offered from d 0–62(pre-weaning),while concentrate provision continued for a further 31 d post-weaning period. Individual daily feed intake and feeding behaviour was recorded throughout, while bodyweight and blood analyte data were collected at regular ***: Overall mean concentrate DMI from d 0–93 was 1.39, 1.27, 1.00 and 0.72 kg/d for CON, FO, GL and FOGL calves, respectively(SEM = 0.037;P < 0.0001). Calves supplemented with GL were significantly lighter(P < 0.0001) at both weaning(d 62) and turnout to pasture(d 93) than un-supplemented calves, with a similar effect(P < 0.0001)evident for calves receiving FO compared to un-supplemented contemporaries. Supplementation with GL reduced the number of unrewarded visits where milk was not consumed(P < 0.0001) while supplementation with FO increased mean drinking speed(P < 0.0001). Supplementation with GL resulted in greater concentrations of haptoglobin(P = 0.034), greater serum osmolality(P = 0.021) and lower lymphocyte levels(P = 0.027). In addition,cells from GL supplemented calves exhibited a lower response than un-supplemented contemporaries to both Phytohaemagglutinin

关键词： fish oil Fucoidan Immune function Laminarin Preweaning Seaweed

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Building Se Bridge Between China and World

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生物技术进展 2017年第5期7卷 I0004-I0004页

作者： Gary Banuelos International Society. for Selenium Research United States department of Agriculture-ARS. USA

Selenium (Se) was discovered by Swedish chemist Jacob Berzelius (1779-1848) on 1817 and has become one of the most influential natural-occurring trace elements for humans,animals,and even *** *** is recognized that two Se-containing amino acids-selenomethionine (SeMet) and selenocysteine (SeCys) are involved in the regulation of two important enzymes families-glutathione peroxidases and thioredoxin reductases.

关键词：《生物技术进展》期刊编辑工作发行工作

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Keeping the right time in space: importance of circadian clock and sleep for physiology and performance of astronauts

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Journal of Medical Colleges of PLA(China) 2014年第3期29卷 143-146,147,144页

作者： Jin-Hu Guo Wei-Min Qu Shan-Guang Chen Xiao-Ping Chen Ke Lv Zhi-Li Huang Yi-Lan Wu Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol School of Life Sciences Sun Yat-sen University department of Pharmacology School of Basic Medical Sciences Fudan University National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering China Astronaut Research and Training Center State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application China Astronaut Research and Training Center

The circadian clock and sleep are essential for human physiology and behavior; deregulation of circadian rhythms impairs health and performance. Circadian clocks and sleep evolved to adapt to Earth's environment, which is characterized by a 24-hour light–dark cycle. Changes in gravity load, lighting and work schedules during spaceflight missions can impact circadian clocks and disrupt sleep, in turn jeopardizing the mood, cognition and performance of orbiting astronauts. In this review, we summarize our understanding of both the influence of the space environment on the circadian timing system and sleep and the impact of these changes on astronaut physiology and performance.

关键词： Space Circadian rhythm Sleep Performance Countermeasure

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