检索结果-南通市图书馆

Seasonal dynamics of foliar antioxidative enzymes and total anthocyanins in natural populations of Iris pumila L.

Journal of Plant Ecology 2010年第1期3卷 59-69页

作者： Ana Vuleta Sanja Manitasevic Jovanovic Darka Seslija Branka Tucic department of evolutionary Biology Sinisa Stankovic Institute for Biological ResearchBelgradeSerbia department of Biochemistry Sinisa Stankovic Institute for Biological ResearchBelgradeSerbia

Aims Plants in their natural habitats frequently cope with a multitude of abiotic stresses,such as high light intensity,extreme temperatures and water deficit,which often co-occur during periods of drought,especially in semi-arid and arid *** of plants to stressful environmental conditions usually induce overproduction of reactive oxygen species(ROS)that,as highly toxic derivatives of O_(2),can assault all cell macromolecules,leading to the disruption of cellular homeostasis and,consequently,the uncoupling of major metabolic processes,the photosynthesis and *** order to minimize ROS-mediated cellular damage,plants have evolved highly efficient antioxidative defense systems that include both enzymatic and non-enzymatic *** abiotic stress can also operate as a strong evolutionary force that shapes adaptations in natural plant populations,the aim of this study was to examine the seasonal variation patterns of two distinct antioxidative systems,ROS-scavenging enzymes and anthocyanin pigments,in the leaf tissue of a steppe plant,Iris pumila,as expressed under contrasting light conditions that the species regularly experiences in the *** We selected two natural populations of *** inhabiting the alternative radiation environments in the Deliblato Sands,a sunexposed dune site and a woodland *** specific activity of three antioxidative enzymes,superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT)and peroxidase(POD)and the content of total anthocyanins were examined in leaves of *** plants collected from each of the 31 Iris clones(17 in the exposed population and 14 in the shaded population)once during each of the three seasons,spring,summer and autumn in ***,a fully expanded leaf was cut from each clonal plant between 15:00 and 16:00 h,immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at-70℃until *** Findings Generally,all three antioxidative enzymes were up-regulated in summer-harvested

关键词： SOD CAT POD anthocyanins seasonal variation

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Comparative Osteology of the Genus Pachytriton (Caudata: Salamandridae) From Southeastern China

引用

Asian Herpetological Research 2012年第2期3卷 83-102页

作者： Yunke WU Yuezhao WANG James HANKEN Museum of Comparative Zoology and department of Organismic and evolutionary Biology Harvard University Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences

Osteological evidence provides invaluable insights into patterns of amphibian biodiversity. In small montane streams of southeastern China, an endemic genus of salamanders(Pachytriton) displays remarkable aquatic specializations, many of which are reflected in skeletal morphology, but these specializations remain to be studied in an integrated perspective. Attempts to fully resolve the taxonomy within the genus also can benefit from knowledge of internal morphology. We present a detailed description of the adult skeleton of P. brevipes, P. inexpectatus and P. archospotus by analyzing both cleared-and-stained and radiographed specimens in a comparative framework. Compared to terrestrial and amphibious salamanders, the most distinctive osteological features of Pachytriton include a modified hyobranchial apparatus, a reduced frontosquamosal arch, and deep neural and haemal arches of the caudal vertebrae. The hyobranchial apparatus of P. archospotus is distinctly different from that of congeners and likely secondarily derived. Patterns of interspecific variation suggest that northeastern P. inexpectatus is more closely related to P. brevipes than it is to southwestern P. inexpectatus, thereby reinforcing results from earlier molecular phylogenetic analyses. We advocate assigning northeastern P. inexpectatus to P. brevipes.

关键词： montane amphibian anatomy aquatic specialization interspecific variation taxonomy

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Sonicating bees demonstrate flexible pollen extraction without instrumental learning

引用

Current Zoology 2019年第4期65卷 425-436页

作者： Callin M. Switzer Avery L. Russell Daniel R. Papaj Stacey A. Combes Robin Hopkins department of Organismic and evolutionary Biology Harvard University Cambridge MA USA Arnold Arboretum Harvard University Boston MA USA department of Ecology and evolutionary Biology University of Arizona Tucson AZ USA department of Neurobiology Physiology and Behavior University of California at Davis Davis CA USA department of Biology and eScience Institute University of Washington Seattle WA USA department of Biological Sciences University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA

Pollen collection is necessary for bee survival and important for flowering plant reproduction, yet if and how pollen extraction motor routines are modified with experience is largely unknown. Here, we used an automated reward and monitoring system to evaluate modification in a common pollen-extraction routine, floral sonication. Through a series of laboratory experiments with the bumblebee, Bombus impatiens, we examined whether variation in sonication frequency and acceleration is due to instrumental learning based on rewards, a fixed behavioral response to rewards, and/or a mechanical constraint. We first investigated whether bees could learn to adjust their sonication frequency in response to pollen rewards given only for specified frequency ranges and found no evidenee of instrumental learning. However, we found that absenee versus receipt of a pollen reward did lead to a predictable behavioral resp on se, which depe nded on bee size. Fin ally, we found some evide nee of mechanical con straints, in that flower mass affected sonication acceleration (but not frequency) through an interaction with bee size. In generalz larger bees showed more flexibility in sonication frequency and acceleration, potentially reflecting a size-based constraint on the range over which smaller bees can modify frequency and accelerati on. Overall our results show that although bees did not display instrumental learning of sonication frequency, their sonication motor routine is nevertheless flexible.

关键词： Bombus impatiens buzz pollination foraging innate behavior learned behavior Solanum

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Behavioral syndromes in paper wasps: Links between social and non-social personality in Polistes fuscatus

引用

Current Zoology 2024年第5期70卷 659-667页

作者： Fatima W.Joma Emily C.Laub Elizabeth A.Tibbetts department of Ecology and evolutionary Biology University of Michigan1105 N University AveAnn ArborMI 48109USA

Although much work has focused on non-social personality traits such as activity, exploration, and neophobia, there is a growing appreciationthat social personality traits play an important role in group dynamics, disease transmission, and fitness and that social personality traits maybe linked to non-social personality traits. These relationships are important because behavioral syndromes, defined here as correlated behavioral phenotypes, can constrain evolutionary responses. However, the strength and direction of relationships between social and non-socialpersonality traits remain unclear. In this project, we examine social and non-social personality traits, and the relationships between them, in thepaper wasp Polistes fuscatus. With a novel assay, we identify 5 personality traits, 2 non-social (exploration and activity), and 3 social (aggression, affiliation, and antennation) personality traits. We also find that social and non-social personality traits are phenotypically linked. We find apositive correlation between aggression and activity and a negative correlation between affiliation and activity. We also find a positive correlation between exploration and activity. Our work is an important step in understanding how phenotypic linkage between social and non-socialbehaviors may influence behavioral evolution. As a burgeoning model system for the study of genetic and neurobiological mechanisms of socialbehavior, Polistes fuscatus has the potential to add to this work by exploring the causes and consequences of individual behavioral variation.

关键词： behavioral syndrome paper wasp personality.

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Phylogenetic relationships of five genera of Xylariales and Rosasphaeria ***.(Hypocreales)

引用

Fungal Diversity 2012年第1期52卷 75-98页

作者： Walter M.Jaklitsch Hermann Voglmayr department of Systematic and evolutionary Botany Faculty Centre of BiodiversityUniversity of ViennaRennweg 141030 WienAustria

Eight inconspicuous non-stromatic perithecial fungi immersed in plant tissue are assessed with respect to their morphology,ecology and phylogenetic *** is laid on two genera now and then placed in the family Hyponectriaceae,Xylariales:Leiosphaerella with its type species *** occurring on Vaccinium,and Pseudomassaria with its type species *** occurring on *** molecular phylogenetic analyses of LSU and ITS sequences,the generic types of these genera are closely related,but their familial affiliation within Xylariales remains *** sepincoliformis clusters with ***,whereas *** is not congeneric with Pseudomassaria and *** is combined in Leiosphaerella despite its *** species thought to belong to Leiosphaerella are re-assessed:*** that occurs on Rosa,is disposed in the new genus Rosasphaeria,which is close to Eucasphaeria in the Niessliaceae(Hypocreales),according to multi-gene phylogenetic analyses(ITS,LSU,rpb2 and tef1).For *** the genus Pseudomassariella is revived.A Leiosphaerellalike fungus on Lycopodium is described as the new species Monographella *** addition the phylogenetic relationships of two fungi forming superficial stromata are here clarified:Collodiscula japonica belongs to the Xylariaceae,while Melogramma campylosporum may currently be interpreted as representing a family of its own,the Melogrammataceae.

关键词： Collodiscula Eucasphaeria.Leiosphaerella Massarina Melogramma Metasphaeria New genus Phylogenetic reconstruction Pseudomassaria Pseudomassariella Systematics

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Heterosis in age-specific selected populations of a seed beetle： Sex differences in longevity and reproductive behavior

引用

Insect Science 2015年第2期22卷 295-309页

作者： Biljana Stojkovic Mirko Dordevia Jelena Jankovic Uros Savkovic Nikola Tucic department of evolutionary Biology Institute for Biological Research 'Sinisa Stankovie' University of Belgrade Institute of Zoology Faculty of Biology University of Belgrade Belgrade Serbia

We tested mutation accumulation hypothesis for the evolution of senescence using short-lived and long-lived populations of the seed-feeding beetle, Acanthoscelides obtectus （Say）, obtained by selection on early- and late-life for many generations. The expected consequence of the mutation accumulation hypothesis is that in short-lived pop- ulations, where the force of natural selection is the strongest early in life, the late-life fitness traits should decline due to genetic drift which increases the frequency of mutations with deleterious effects in later adult stages. Since it is unlikely that identical deleterious mutations will increase in several independent populations, hybrid vigor for late-life fit- ness is expected in offspring obtained in crosses among populations selected for early-life fitness traits. We tested longevity of both sexes, female fecundity and male reproductive behavior for hybrid vigor by comparing hybrid and nonhybrid short-lived populations. Hybrid vigor was confirmed for male virility, mating speed and copulation duration, and longevity of both sexes at late ages. In contrast to males, the results on female fecundity in short-lived populations did not support mutation accumulation as a genetic mechanism for the evolution of this trait. Contrary to the prediction of this hypothesis, male mating ability indices and female fecundity in long-lived populations exhibited hybrid vigor at all assayed age classes. We demonstrate that nonhybrid long-lived populations diverged randomly regarding female and male reproductive fitness, indicating that sexually antag- onistic selection, when accompanied with genetic drift for female fecundity and male virility, might be responsible for overriding natural selection in the independently evolving long-lived populations.

关键词： ageing antagonistic selection drift experimental evolution inbreeding depression mutation accumulation

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Temperature Responses to Infrared-Loading and Water Table Manipulations in Peatland Mesocosms

引用

Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2008年第11期50卷 1484-1496页

作者： Jiquan Chen Scott Bridgham Jason Keller John Pastor Asko Noormets Jake F.Weltzin department of Environmental Sciences University of Toledo Center for Ecology and evolutionary Biology University of Oregon Smithsonian Environmental Research Center department of Biological Sciences University of Minnesota National Phenology Network

We initiated a multi-factor global change experiment to explore the effects of infrared heat loading （HT） and water table level （WL） treatment on soil temperature （T） in bog and fen peatland mesocosms. We found that the temperature varied highly by year, month, peatland type, soil depth, HT and WL manipulations. The highest effect of HT on the temperature at 25 cm depth was found in June for the bog mesocosms （3.34-4.27 ℃） but in May for the fen mesocosms （2.32-4.33 ℃） over the 2-year study period. The effects of WL in the bog mesocosms were only found between August and January, with the wet mesocosms warmer than the dry mesocosms by 0.48-2.03 ℃ over the 2-year study period. In contrast, wetter fen mesocosms were generally cooler by 0.16-3.87℃. Seasonal changes of temperatures elevated by the HT also varied by depth and ecosystem type, with temperature differences at 5 cm and 10 cm depth showing smaller seasonal fluctuations than those at 25 cm and 40 cm in the bog mesocosms. However, increased HT did not always lead to warmer soil, especially in the fen mesocosms. Both HT and WL manipulations have also changed the length of the non-frozen season.

关键词： global change infrared mesocosm peatlands warming experiment water table.

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Soil Respiration and Litter Decomposition Increased Following Perennial Forb Invasion into an Annual Grassland

引用

Pedosphere 2016年第4期26卷 567-576页

作者： ZHANG Ling MA Xiaochi WANG Hong LIU Shuwei Evan SIEMANN ZOU Jianwen College of Forestry Jiangxi Agricultural University College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University department of Ecology and evolutionary Biology Rice University

Exotic plant invasions may alter ecosystem carbon processes, especially when native plants are displaced by plants of a different functional group. Forb invasions into grasslands are common, yet little is known about how they impact carbon cycling. We conducted a field study over 2 years from April 2010 to March 2012 in China to examine changes in soil respiration （Rsoil） following invasion of exotic perennial forb species （Alternanthera philoxeroides or Solidago canadensis） into an annual grassland dominated by a native annual graminoid （Eragrostis pilosa）. Measurements of Rsoil were taken once a week in stands of the native annual graminoid or one of the forb species using static chamber-gas chromatograph method. Aboveground litterfall of each of the three focal species was collected biweekly and litter decomposition rates were measured in a 6-month litterbag experiment. The monthly average and annual cumulative Rsoil increased following invasion by either forb species. The increases in cumulative Rsoil were smaller with invasion of Solidago （36%） than Alternanthera （65%）. Both invasive forbs were associated with higher litter quantity and quality （e.g., C：N ratio） than the native annum graminoid. Compared to the native annual graminoid, the invasive forbs Altevnanthera （155%） and Solidago （361%） produced larger amounts of more rapidly decomposing litter, with the litter decay constant k being 3.8, 2.0 and 1.0 for Alternanthera, Solidago and Eragrostis, respectively. Functional groups of the invasive plants and the native plants they replaced appear to be useful predictors of directions of changes in Rsoil, but the magnitude of changes in Rsoil seems to be sensitive to variations in invader functional traits.

关键词： carbon cycling exotic plant functional group functional traits invasive plants litterfall native plants

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Biotic Homogenization Caused by the Invasion of Solidago canadensis in China

引用

Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2013年第5期12卷 835-845页

作者： CHEN Guo-qi ZHANG Chao-bin MA Ling QIANG Sheng John ASilander Li Li Qi Weed Research Laboratory Nanjing Agricultural University department of Ecology and evolutionary Biology University of Connecticut Northern Crop Science Laboratory USDA-ARS

Although studies argue that invasive species can cause biotic differentiation, some cases show that biological invasions actually decrease biodiversity through biotic homogenization. The concept of biotic homogenization through the invasion of a certain serious invasive plant species merit more studies. Hence, we used field surveys to quantitatively compare invasive populations of Solidago canadensis （SC） in China with the control sites （adjacent sites to SC present sites yet without the species） and SC native populations in the USA. We found that plant communities in SC invaded habitats shared similarities with those in SC native ranges. Bray-Curtis similarity clearly showed that the composition of plant communities in SC invaded habitats were similar to those in SC native ranges. Both in the native and introduced range, plant communities with SC present were characterized by SC being dominant, significantly lower species richness, or-diversity and p-diversity, as well as a decrease in the correlation coefficient between geographic distance and floristic similarities. SC favors fertile and moist loam habitat, while it dominated in various habitats in China, where more than 20 different dominants should have occurred. In conclusion, serious invasive species can quickly remodel and homogenize diverse communities by dominating them.

关键词： biodiversity control site field survey geographic distance invasive population native population similarity

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

New Horizons in Sexual Selection Research

引用

Current Zoology 2013年第4期59卷 553-557页

作者： Kenyon B. MOBLEY Kristina KARLSSON GREEN Guest Editors Max Planck Institute for evolutionary Biology Department of Evolutionary Ecology August-Thienemarm-StraBe 2 24306 P16n Germany Metapopulation Research Group Department of Biosciences PO Box 65 (Viikinkaari 1) FI-00014 University of Helsinki Finland Kristina

1 Introduction One of the most important decisions that a sexually reproducing organism must make in its lifetime is with whom shall it mate？ From an evolutionary perspective, the importance of this decision is paramount： make the right choice and your offspring will continue your genetic legacy; make the wrong choice and your lineage will be at a disadvantage or worse,

关键词：视野有性繁殖生物体

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

欢迎您,

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：

通借通还

欢迎您,

建议与咨询 留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

请选择保存的检索档案： 新增检索档案 确定 取消

请选择收藏分类： 新增自定义分类 确定 取消

通借通还

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：