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Role of terpenes from aphid-infested potato on searching and oviposition behavior of Episyrphus balteatus

Insect Science 2007年第1期14卷 57-63页

作者： NICOLAS HARMEL RAKI ALMOHAMAD MARIE-LAURE FAUCONNIER PATRICK DU JARDIN FRANCOIS VERHEGGEN MICHEL MARLIER ERIC HAUBRUGE FREDERIC FRANCIS department of Functional and evolutionary Entomology department of Plant Biology department of General and Organic Chemistry Gembloux Agricultural University Gembloux Belgium

To cope with pathogen and insect attacks, plants develop different mechanisms of defence, in both direct （physical and chemical） and indirect ways （attractive volatiles to entomophagous beneficials）. Plants are then able to express traits that facilitate ＂top-down＂ control of pests by attracting herbivore predators. Here we investigate the indirect defence mechanism of potato plants by analyzing the volatile patterns of both healthy and aphid- infested plants. Important changes in the emitted terpene pattern by the Myzus persicae infested host plant were observed. Using Solid Phase MicroExtraction （SPME） and GC-MS, the （E）-fl-farnesene （EBF） appeared to be emitted by aphid-infested potato and not by healthy plants. To assess the infochemical role of these volatile releases after aphid damage on the aphidophagous predators Episyrphus balteams, the hoverfly foraging behavior was assessed using the Observer 5.0 software （Noldus, Wageningen, The Netherlands）. Aphidfree potato plants were also used as a control volatile source in the predator behavioral study. While aphid-infested plants induced efficient searching and acceptation behaviors leading to egg-laying, no kairomonal effect of healthy potato plants was observed, leading to longer immobility durations and shorter searching periods in the net cage. High oviposition rate of E. balteatus was observed when aphid-infested potato was used （mean of 48.9 eggs per laying and per female）. On the other hand, no egg was produced by the hoverfly on healthy aphid-free plants. The E. balteatus foraging and reproductive behaviors according to the volatile emission from aphid-infested plants are discussed in relation to the potential use of active infochemical molecules in integrated aphid pest management.

关键词： aphid infested behavior Episyrphus balteatus potato terpenes

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Response of brown anoles Anolis sagrei to multimodal signals from a native and novel predator

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Current Zoology 2012年第6期58卷 791-796页

作者： Omar L. ELMASRI Marcus S. MORENO Courtney A. NEUMANN Daniel T.BLUMSTEIN department of Ecology and evolutionary Biology University of California Los Angeles CA 90095-1606 USA

Abstract Multiple studies have focused on the importance of single modalities （visual, auditory, olfactory） in eliciting anti-predator behavior, however multiple channels are often engaged simultaneously. While examining responses to multiple cues can potentially reveal more complex behavioral responses, little is known about how multimodal processing evolves. By contrasting response to familiar and novel predators, insights can be gained into the evolution of multimodal responses. We studied brown anoles＇（Anolis sagrei） response to acoustic and visual predatory cues of a common potential predator, the great-tailed grackle Quiscalus mexicanus and to the American kestrel Falco sparverius, a species found in other populations but not present in our study population. We observed anole behavior before and after a stimulus and quantified rates of looking, display, and locomotion. Anoles increased their rate of locomotion in response to grackle models, an effect modulated by grackle vocalizations. No such response or modulation was seen when anoles were presented with kestrel stimuli. This suggests that the degree of sophistication of anole response to predators is experience dependent and that relaxed selection can result in reduced anti-predator response following loss of predators.

关键词： Anti-predator behavior Multimodal risk assessment Brown anoles

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Behavioral constraints and the evolution of faithful social learning

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Current Zoology 2012年第2期58卷 307-318页

作者： Alberto ACERBI Pierre O. JACQUET Claudio TENNIE Center for the Study of Cultural Evolution University of Stockholm 106 91 Stockholm Sweden department of Psychology University of Bologna Bologna Italy INSERM U1028 CNRS UMR5292 Lyon Neuroscience Research Center ImpAct Team Lyon France department of Developmental and Comparative Psychology Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology Leipzig Germany

Behavioral ＂traditions＂, i.e. behavioral patterns that are acquired with the aid of social learning and that are relatively stable in a group, have been observed in several species. Recently, however, it has been questioned whether non-human social learning is faithful enough to stabilize those patterns. The observed stability could be interpreted as a result of various constraints that limit the number of possible alternative behaviors, rather than of the fidelity of transmission mechanisms. Those constraints can be roughly described as ＂internal＂, such as mechanical （bodily） properties or cognitive limitations and predispositions, and ＂ex- ternal＂, such as ecological availability or pressures. Here we present an evolutionary individual-based model that explores the re- lationships between the evolution of faithful social learning and behavioral constraints, represented both by the size of the beha- vioral repertoire and by the ＂shape＂ of the search space of a given task. We show that the evolution of high-fidelity transmission mechanisms, when associated with costs （e.g. cognitive, biomechanical, energetic, etc.）, is only likely if the potential behavioral repertoire of a species is large and if the search space does not provide information that can be exploited by individual learning. Moreover we show how stable behavioral patterns （＂traditions＂） can be achieved at the population level as an outcome of both high-fidelity and low-fidelity transmission mechanisms, given that the latter are coupled with a small behavioral repertoire or with a search space that provide substantial feedback. Finally, by introducing the possibility of environmental change, we show that intermediate rates of change favor the evolution of faithful social learning

关键词： Animal social learning Cultural evolution Cultural transmission Copying fidelity Individual based modeling

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A test of the species confidence hypothesis in dusky damselfish

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Current Zoology 2024年第1期70卷 79-86页

作者： Elle Overs Sydney Stump Isabel Severino Daniel T.Blumstein department of Ecology and evolutionary Biology University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095-1606USA

Visual cues are important in both interspecific and intraspecific *** species confidence hypothesis proposes that animals are more attracted to conspecific colors and repelled by colors,not on their *** on terrestrial lizards and birds have tested the species confidence hypothesis and shown that conspecific colors elicit reduced antipredator *** date,the species confidence hypothesis has not been tested in the marine environment,specifically on coral reefs where color communication is of vital *** addressed this knowledge gap by measuring flight initiation distance(the distance an individual moves away from an approaching threat)in dusky damselfish(Stegastes nigricans)in response to an approaching disc of 1 of 4 different color treatments:conspecific,blue,yellow,and *** the species confidence hypothesis explained variation in damselfish flight initiation distance,then we expected individuals to tolerate closer approaches when approached by a conspecific *** addition,we calculated the color difference between each stimulus and its corresponding back-ground as a potential alternative explanation for flight *** tolerated the closest approach from the conspecific color stimulus;there were no significant differences between other colors and there was no support for the alternative color difference *** with similar terrestrial studies,these results are relevant to ecotourists'choice of swimsuit and wetsuit colors because color choice may modify naturalantipredatorbehavior.

关键词： antipredator behavior flight initiation distance risk assessment species confidence hypothesis Stegastes nigricans

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Contrasting demographic trends and asymmetric migration rates in a spatially structured amphibian population

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Integrative Zoology 2020年第6期15卷 482-497页

作者： Berta CAPELLÀ-MARZO Gregorio SÁNCHEZ-MONTES Iñigo MARTÍNEZ-SOLANO department of Biodiversity and evolutionary Biology Museo Nacional de Ciencias NaturalesCSICMadridSpain

N_(a)tural populations often persist at the landscape scale as metapopulations,with breeding units(subpopulations)experiencing temporal extinction and recolonization *** parameters to forecast population viability in these systems include the ratio of the effective number of breeders(N_(b))to the total number of adults(N_(a))and migration rates among ***,we present the results of a 10-year integrative monitoring program of a metapopulation of the Iberian green frog(Pelophylax perezi)in central *** characterized population dynamics at two main breeding ponds(Gravera and Laguna)using capture-mark-recapture data to estimate N_(a)in each breeding season,and multilocus genotypes to estimate the effective population size(Ne),N_(b),individual breeding success,and migration *** ponds experienced population decline after a dry season,with Gravera subsequently recovering and Laguna suffering a bottleneck associated with genetic *** this subpopulation,average allelic richness and private alleles decreased from 2010(10.87 and 1.67,respectively)to 2018(8.0 and 0.20).The N_(b)/N_(a)ratio in Laguna in 2018 was twice as high(0.95)than in Gravera(0.41)or in pre-bottleneck Laguna(0.50),suggesting plasticity or genetic compensation through increased individual breeding *** rates were asymmetric between ponds,with a stronger contribution from Gravera to Laguna(29.9%vs.16.2%in the opposite direction)that may result in a rescue *** study emphasizes the importance of integrative demographic approaches for the monitoring of natural populations based on a better understanding of their spatio-temporal dynamics,which provides valuable information for conservation actions.

关键词： bottleneck capture-mark-recapture genetic monitoring metapopulation N_(b)/N_(a)ratio

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Interspecific competition, hybridization, and reproductive isolation in secondary contact： missing perspectives on males and females

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Current Zoology 2018年第1期64卷 75-88页

作者： Sara E. LIPSHUTZ department of Ecology and evolutionary Biology Division of Biology University of Tennessee KnoxvilleTennessee 37996 USA

Research on sexual selection and hybridization has focused on female mate choice and male-male competition. While the evolutionary outcomes of interspecific female preference have been well explored, we are now gaining a better understanding of the processes by which male-male compe- tition between species in secondary contact promotes reproductive isolation versus hybridization. What is relatively unexplored is the interaction between female choice and male competition, as they can oppose one another or align with similar outcomes for reproductive isolation. The role of female-female competition in hybridization is also not well understood, but could operate similarly to male-male competition in polyandrous and other systems where costs to heterospecific mating are low for females. Reproductive competition between either sex of sympatric species can cause the divergence and/or convergence of sexual signals and recognition, which in turn influences the likelihood for interspecific mating. Future work on species interactions in secondary contact should test the relative influences of both mate choice and competition for mates on hybridization outcomes, and should not ignore the possibilities that females can compete over mating resources, and males can exercise mate choice.

关键词： female-female competition hybridization male-male competition reproductive isolation sexual selection

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Description of the song of the Nilgiri Thrush(Zoothera [aurea] neilgherriensis) and song differentiation across the Zoothera dauma species complex

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Avian Research 2018年第3期9卷 273-279页

作者： Jason T.Weir department of Ecology and evolutionary Biology University of Toronto department of Biological Sciences University of Toronto Scarborough department of Natural History Royal Ontario Museum

Background: Taxonomic treatment of the Zoothera dauma species complex is highly variable and has been hampered by the absence of song recordings for the Nilgiri Thrush(Zoothera [aurea] neilgherriensis).Methods: I obtained two recordings of the song of neigherriensis from southern Indian. Here I publish sonograms and analyze song recordings for all but one currently described taxon from the Eurasian portion of the geographic range of this species complex. Principal component analyses were used to investigate song differences between ***: The song of neigherriensis is a highly complex series of strophes remarkably similar to the song of the insular Zoothera major. Vocal analyses across the complex indicate four key groups of taxa differentiated in their songs:(1) simple flat whistled songs which include the northern aurea, toratugumi and the undescribed Taiwan population;(2) eastern populations of dauma(reported here for the first time) which sing like northern birds but with much broader bandwidth,(3) strongly down-slurred, thin whistles of tropical resident imbricata of Sri Lanka and horsfieldi of Indonesia, and(4) highly complex songs of Himalayan dauma, neilgherriensis and ***: Zoothera dauma is unlikely to represent a single species given the simple singing populations from its eastern range and highly complex song from the Himalayan portion of its range. neilgherriensis should either be transferred from Zoothera aurea, where it is currently classified as a subspecies, and be placed as a subspecies within Z. dauma from the Himalayas or it should be recognized as a distinct species. Given the small number of songs available for analyses, I suggest the former course until it can be clearly demonstrated that neilgherriensis and Himalayan dauma are vocally distinct.

关键词： Nilgiri Thrush neilgherriensis Zoothera dauma Song Taxonomy

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Investigating bee dietary preferences along a gradient of floral resources:how does resource use align with resource availability?

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Insect Science 2021年第2期28卷 555-565页

作者： Tyler T.Kelly Elizabeth Elle evolutionary and Behavioural Ecology Research Group Department of Biological SciencesSimon Fraser UniversityBurnabyCanada

Bee dietary preferences,or the floral resources that they consistently collect,likely impact where a species can *** this reason it is likely that bee dietary preferences are dependent upon the composition of the plant *** this study,we evaluated floral visits and pollen loads of the mining bee,Andrena angustitarsata Viereck,across a 630 km north-south range to understand dietary preferences along a floral resource *** research,in a more geographically limited area,suggested this species was an eclectic oligolege on predominantly Apiaceae and in part *** the present study we found the species predominately visited and collected pollen from Apiaceae and Rosaceae,but visited 12 flower families and collected pollen from 32,distinguishing them as generalist *** frequency of Apiaceae pollen on the bees and the species-level specialization index(a measure of visit specialization)were higher in regions with higher Apiaceae *** addition Apiaceae and Rosaceae were the only plant families significantly preferred for pollen collection,regardless of floral *** conclude that across our study region *** has a generalist dietary breadth,but also has dietary preference for Apiaceae and *** study indicates that while bees may overall make generalist foraging decisions they may still prefer and likely benefit from selecting fewer flower taxa.

关键词： andrenidae dietary breadth ecoregions oak-savanna pollen specialization

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Agent-based models reveal limits of mark-release-recapture estimates for the rare butterfly, Bhutanitis thaidina (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)

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Insect Science 2022年第2期29卷 550-566页

作者： Zhengyang Wang Yuanheng Li Anuj Jain Naomi E.Pierce department of Organismic and evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology Harvard UniversityCambridgeMA 02138 USA

Insect diversity and abundance are in drastic decline worldwide,but quantifying insect populations to better conserve them is a difficult ***-release-recapture(MRR)is widely used as an ecological indicator for insect populations,but the accuracy of MRR estimates can vary with factors such as spatial scale,sampling effort and models of *** conducted a 3-year MRR study of *** in Yanzigou valley,*** but failed to obtain sufficient data for a robust population *** prompted us to integrate *** life history information to parameterize agent-based models and evaluate the conditions under which successful MRR studies could be *** evaluated:(1)the performance of MRR models under different landscape types,and(2)the influence of experimental design on the accuracy and variance of MRR-based *** simulations revealed systematic underestimates of true population parameters by MRR models when sampling effort was *** a total of 2772 simulations,subjective decisions in sampling protocol(e.g.,frequency,number of sampling locations,use of spatially explicit models,type of estimands)accounted for nearly half of the variation in *** conclude that MRR-based estimates could be improved with the addition of more field-specific parameters.

关键词： agent-based simulation Aristolochia moupinensis habitat hostplant landscape Mt.Gongga program MARK spatially explicit capture-recapture(SECR)

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Multispecies hybridization in birds

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Avian Research 2019年第3期10卷 239-249页

作者： Jente Ottenburghs Resource Ecology Group Wageningen University department of Ecology and Genetics Evolutionary Biology Centre Uppsala University

Hybridization is not always limited to two species;often multiple species are interbreeding. In birds, there are numerous examples of species that hybridize with multiple other species. The advent of genomic data provides the oppotunity to investigate the ecological and evolutionary consequences of multispecies hybridization. The interactions between several hybridizing species can be depicted as a network in which the interacting species are connected by edges. Such hybrid networks can be used to identify ‘hub-species’ that interbreed with multiple other species. Avian examples of such ‘hub-species’ are Common Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus), Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) and European Herring Gull (Larus argentatus). These networks might lead to the formulation of hypotheses, such as which connections are most likely conducive to interspecific gene flow (i.e. introgression). Hybridization does not necessarily result in introgression. Numerous statistical tests are available to infer interspecific gene flow from genetic data and the majority of these tests can be applied in a multispecies setting. Specifically, model-based approaches and phylogenetic networks are promising in the detection and characterization of multispecies introgression. It remains to be determined how common multispecies introgression in birds is and how often this process fuels adaptive changes. Moreover, the impact of multispecies hybridization on the build-up of reproductive isolation and the architecture of genomic landscapes remains elusive. For example, introgression between certain species might contribute to increased divergence and reproductive isolation between those species and other related species. In the end, a multispecies perspective on hybridization in combination with network approaches will lead to important insights into the history of life on this planet.

关键词： Adaptation Admixture Genomics Introgression Network analysis Phylogenetics Speciation

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