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Three-dimensional numerical analysis of plant-soil hydraulic interactions on pore water pressure of vegetated slope under different rainfall patterns

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第9期16卷 3696-3706页

作者： Haowen Guo Charles Wang Wai Ng Qi Zhang department of Civil and environmental Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina

Understanding the pore water pressure distribution in unsaturated soil is crucial in predicting shallow landslides triggered by rainfall,mainly when dealing with different temporal patterns of rainfall ***,the hydrological response of vegetated slopes,especially three-dimensional(3D)slopes covered with shrubs,under different rainfall patterns remains unclear and requires further *** address this issue,this study adopts a novel 3D numerical model for simulating hydraulic interactions between the root system of the shrub and the surrounding *** series of numerical parametric studies are conducted to investigate the influences of slope inclination,rainfall pattern and rainfall *** rainfall patterns(advanced,bimodal,delayed,and uniform)and two rainfall durations(4-h intense and 168-h mild rainfall)are considered to study the hydrological response of the *** computed results show that 17%higher transpiration-induced suction is found for a steeper slope,which remains even after a short,intense rainfall with a 100-year return *** extreme rainfalls with advanced(PA),bimodal(PB)and uniform(PU)rainfall patterns need to be considered for the short rainfall duration(4 h),while the delayed(PD)and uniform(PU)rainfall patterns are highly recommended for long rainfall durations(168 h).The presence of plants can improve slope stability markedly under extreme rainfall with a short duration(4 h).For the long duration(168 h),the benefit of the plant in preserving pore-water pressure(PWP)and slope stability may not be sufficient.

关键词： Root-soil interactions Rainfall patterns Slope stability Three-dimensional(3D)

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The effect of Common Cuckoo parasitism on the annual productivity of a host population

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Avian Research 2024年第2期15卷 287-291页

作者： Alfred Trnka department of biology University of TrnavaPriemyselna 491843TrnavaSlovakia

Avian interspecific brood parasitism is an excellent system for studying coevolutionary processes in nature because brood parasites directly affect host reproductive *** research on avian brood parasitism has,therefore,focused primarily on specific host anti-parasite behaviours and parasite ***,the population-level consequences of brood parasitism for host species are poorly *** study investigated the effect of Common Cuckoo(Cuculus canorus)parasitism on the productivity of a local population of the Great Reed Warbler(Acrocephalus arundinaceus)host in south-western Slovakia.A total of 495 females nesting at the studied site successfully fledged 1321 of their own young and 63 young of the Common Cuckoo over the course of 15 years(2008-2022),and the annual rate of successful parasitism ranged from 18% to 44% over this *** predicted,higher rates of successful cuckoo parasitism significantly reduced the annual productivity of the local Great Reed Warbler population,and its contribution to decreased host reproductive success was at about the same rate as overall nest failure caused by predation and other environmental *** a heavily parasitized population was probably maintained by immigrants from other populations and density-dependent selection,which is also consistent with source-sink ***,further long-term studies monitoring parasitized populations are required to confirm these findings.

关键词： Acrocephalus arundinaceus Cuculus canorus Great Reed Warbler Population growth Reproductive success

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No evidence of predator odor avoidance in a North American bird community

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Avian Research 2024年第1期15卷 133-138页

作者： Austin Dotta Batur Yaman Alex Van Huynh department of biology DeSales University2755 Station AvenueCenter ValleyPAUSA

Recent advances in our understanding of avian chemical communication have highlighted the importance of olfaction in many aspects of avian *** studies investigating predator avoidance behaviors in response to predator odor cues have produced mixed results across species and *** we assess if a community of birds in eastern Pennsylvania displays avoidance behaviors towards predator odor cues in a natural foraging *** use clay caterpillars to measure foraging activity by birds in the presence of predator(bobcat)urine,non-predator(rabbit)urine,and water controls in two different environmental contexts(field ***).Although we detected a weak trend for birds to forage less at predator urine-treated sites,we found no significant difference in avian foraging between the site *** did find that foraging rates between environmental contexts changed significantly over the course of the experiment,with forest sites showing decreasing foraging rates and field sites showing increasing foraging *** results reinforce the published literature that avoidance of predator odors by birds may not be ubiquitous across contexts and species.

关键词： Foraging Odor Olfaction Predation Predator-avoidance

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Phylogenetic placement of bizarre karschiellid earwigs

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Insect Science 2024年第3期31卷 989-992页

作者： Petr Kocárek Ivona Horká Vojtěch Bonczek Markéta Kirstová department of biology and Ecology University of OstravaOstravaCzech Republic

Dear Editor,Karschiellidae are a mysterious group of earwigs that attract attention not only because of their interesting appearance and unexplained way of life but also mainly due to their unclear *** phylogenetic relationships of karschiellids remain speculative even 120 years since the family was described,above all due to the unavailability of DNA-grade material for molecular phylogenetic *** study includes successfully sequenced representatives of the Karschiellidae for the first time,and a probable evolutionary scheme and natural classification of karschiellids are proposed based on the constructed multigene phylogeny.

关键词： classification. phylogeny evolutionary

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Automated,economical,and environmentally-friendly asphalt mix design based on machine learning and multi-objective grey wolf optimization

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2024年第3期11卷 381-405页

作者： Jian Liu Fangyu Liu Linbing Wang department of Civil and environmental Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityBlacksburgVA 24061USA School of environmental CivilAgricultural and Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGA 30602USA Illinois Center for Transportation Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL 61801USA

The increasing impact of the greenhouse effect on ecosystems is prompting transportation agencies to seek methods for reducing CO_(2)emissions during pavement construction and ***,the laboratory mix design process,which involves selecting aggregate gradation and binder content,is time-consuming and *** accelerate the traditional mix design procedure,this study presented a mix design procedure that can automatically determine gradation and binder content based on machine learning(ML)and a meta-heuristic ***,ML approaches were employed to model the relationship between volumetric properties(mixture bulk specific gravity(Gmb)and air void(VV))and both mixture component properties and mixture proportion,based on a dataset collected from literature with 660 mixture *** with the prediction of ML models and the modified multi-objective grey wolf optimization(MOGWO)algorithm,an automatic asphalt mix design was proposed to pursue three goals,including VV,cost,and CO_(2)*** results indicated that least squares support vector regression(LSSVR)and e Xtreme gradient boosting(XGBoost)achieved the highest prediction accuracies(correlation coefficient:0.92 for VV and 0.96 for Gmb).The MOGWO algorithm successfully found the 26 optimal mix designs for the case of VV *** ***_(2)*** to the traditional laboratory design,the optimal mixture with VV of4%achieves a cost saving of 2.46%and a reduction of 4.03%in carbon *** volumetric properties of the mixtures output by the approach also align closely with values measured in a laboratory.

关键词： Asphalt mix design Machine learning MOGWO CO_(2)emission Volumetric properties

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Acetylacetone effectively controlled the secondary metabolites of Microcystis aeruginosa under simulated sunlight irradiation

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2024年第1期135卷 285-295页

作者： Xiaomeng Wang Yixin Luo Shujuan Zhang Lixiang Zhou department of environmental Engineering College of Resources and Environmental SciencesNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China The State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the EnvironmentNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China

Inactivation of cyanobacterial cells and simultaneous control of secondary metabolites is of significant necessity for the treatment of cyanobacteria-laden ***(AcAc)has been reported a specific algicide to inactivate Microcystis aeruginosa(***)and an effective light activator to degrade *** study systematically investigated the photodegradation ability of AcAc under xenon(Xe)irradiation on the secondary metabolites of ***,mainly algal organic matter(AOM),especially toxic microcystin-LR(MC-LR).Results showed that AcAc outperformed H_(2)O_(2)in destructing the protein-like substances,humic acid-like matters,aromatic proteins and fulvic-like substances of *** MC-LR(250μg/L),0.05 mmol/L AcAc attained the same degradation efficiency(87.0%)as 0.1mmol/L H_(2)O_(2).The degradation mechanism of Xe/AcAc might involve photo-induced energy/electron transfer and formation of carbon center *** conditions(pH>9.0)were detrimental to the photoactivity of AcAc,corresponding to the observed degradation rate constant(k_(1)value)of MC-LR drastically decreasing to 0.0013 min^(-1)as solution pH exceeded *** PO_(4)^(3-)and HCO_(3)^(-)ions had obvious inhibition effects,whereas NO_(3)^(-)slightly improved k_(1)value from 0.0277 min^(-1)to 0.0321 min^(-1).The presence of AOM did not significantly inhibit MC-LR degradation in Xe/AcAc *** addition,the biological toxicity of MC-LR was greatly reduced after *** results demonstrated that AcAc was an alternative algicidal agent to effectively inactivate algal cells and simultaneously control the secondary metabolites after cell ***,the concentration and irradiation conditions should be further optimized in practical application.

关键词： Microcystis aeruginosa Photodegradation Acetylacetone Secondary metabolites Microcystin

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Machine learning assisted adsorption performance evaluation of biochar on heavy metal

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第5期18卷 29-42页

作者： Qiannan Duan Pengwei Yan Yichen Feng Qianru Wan Xiaoli Zhu Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and environmental Carrying Capacity College of Urban and Environmental SciencesNorthwest UniversityXi’an710127China department of Environment Science Shaanxi Normal UniversityXi’an710062China

Heavy metals(HMs)represent pervasive and highly toxic environmental pollutants,known for their long latency periods and high toxicity levels,which pose significant challenges for their removal and ***,the removal of heavy metals from the environment is crucial to ensure the water *** materials,known for their intricate pore structures and abundant oxygen-containing functional groups,are frequently harnessed for their effectiveness in mitigating heavy metal ***,conventional tests for optimizing biochar synthesis and assessing their heavy metal adsorption capabilities can be both costly and *** address this challenge,this paper proposes a data-driven machine learning(ML)approach to identify the optimal biochar preparation and adsorption reaction conditions,with the ultimate goal of maximizing their adsorption *** utilizing a data set comprising 476 instances of heavy metal absorption by biochar,seven classical integrated models and one stacking model were trained to rapidly predict the efficiency of heavy metal adsorption by *** predictions were based on diverse physicochemical properties of biochar and the specific adsorption reaction *** results demonstrate that the stacking model,which integrates multiple algorithms,allows for training with fewer samples to achieve higher prediction accuracy and improved generalization ability.

关键词： Machine learning Biochar Heavy metal Adsorption efficiency

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Transfer learning framework for multi-scale crack type classification with sparse microseismic networks

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2024年第2期34卷 167-178页

作者： Arnold Yuxuan Xie Bing QLi department of Civil and environmental Engineering Western UniversityLondon N6A 3K7Canada

Rock fracture mechanisms can be inferred from moment tensors(MT)inverted from microseismic ***,MT can only be inverted for events whose waveforms are acquired across a network of *** is limiting for underground mines where the microseismic stations often lack azimuthal ***,there is a need for a method to invert fracture mechanisms using waveforms acquired by a sparse microseismic ***,we present a novel,multi-scale framework to classify whether a rock crack contracts or dilates based on a single *** framework consists of a deep learning model that is initially trained on 2400000+manually labelled field-scale seismic and microseismic waveforms acquired across 692 *** learning is then applied to fine-tune the model on 300000+MT-labelled labscale acoustic emission waveforms from 39 individual experiments instrumented with different sensor layouts,loading,and rock types in *** optimal model achieves over 86%F-score on unseen waveforms at both the lab-and *** model outperforms existing empirical methods in classification of rock fracture mechanisms monitored by a sparse microseismic *** facilitates rapid assessment of,and early warning against,various rock engineering hazard such as induced earthquakes and rock bursts.

关键词： Multi-scale Fracture processes Microseismic Acoustic emission Source mechanism Deep learning

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Biochar regulates biogeochemical cycling of iron and chromium in a soil-rice system by stimulating Geobacter and Clostridium

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Pedosphere 2024年第5期34卷 929-940页

作者： Min XU Yang LIN Jing MA Lulu LONG Chao CHEN Gang YANG Chun SONG Jun WU Xiaohong ZHANG Peng GAO College of environmental Science Sichuan Agricultural University Soil Water and Ecosystem Sciences Department University of Florida College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering Sichuan Agricultural University department of environmental and Occupational Health University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health

In soil-rice systems,microbial reduction of iron （Fe） has been recognized as a crucial biogeochemical process that regulates Fe and chromium （Cr）translocation;however,the underlying processes are *** investigate the impacts of biochar on the biochemical cycling of Fe and Cr and their toxicity to rice,maize straw biochar was applied at 1%（weight/weight） to a paddy soil spiked with 300 mg kg-1Cr under two phosphorus （P） levels (0 or 90 mg kg-1) in a pot *** key microbial groups affecting Fe dissimilatory reduction and their environmental drivers were *** inhibited root Cr uptake by 36%,owing to the promoted iron plaque （IP） formation on the rice root *** analysis showed that Fe concentration in pore water was strongly linked to the abundances of Geobacter （r=0.81–0.94,P<0.05） and Clostridium （r=0.83–0.95,P<0.05）,indicating that Geobacter and Clostridium played essential roles in Fe *** analysis showed that labile carbon and pore water P concentrations were the key determinants influencing Fe-reducing bacterial abundances,accounting for 42%and 32%of the variation in community composition,***,biochar increased Fe and P concentrations in root cell walls,which retained more ***,Cr stress in rice under biochar treatment was relieved through increasing IP formation and altering subcellular *** mechanistic insights had important implications for reducing Cr uptake by rice.

关键词： chromium translocation iron plaque iron reduction maize straw biochar microbial reduction paddy soil phosphorus fertilization subcellular distribution

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The necessity to expand mycorrhizal boundaries:Including the fungal endophytes that possess key mycorrhizal criteria

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Pedosphere 2024年第2期34卷 520-523页

作者： Khalil KARIMAN Zed RENGEL Rodica PENA Saleh RAHIMLOU Mark TIBBETT UWA School of Agriculture and Environment The University of Western AustraliaPerth WA 6009Australia department of Sustainable Land Management&Soil Research Centre School of AgriculturePolicy and DevelopmentUniversity of ReadingReading RG66ARUK department of Ecology and evolutionary biology University of MichiganAnn Arbor MI 48109USA

Dear editor,This letter aims to urge the necessity to expand the boundaries of mycorrhizal symbiosis to include certain root fungal *** conventional classification of mycorrhizal associations emphasizes specialized fu... 详细信息

关键词： editor specialized interface

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